scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF INJURY TO ATHLETES IN CONNECTION WITH PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS (SKIING)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Fedorchuk Svitlana ◽  
Lysenko Olena ◽  
Kolosova Olena ◽  
Khomyk Igor ◽  
Ivaskevych Daryna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The State ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Extreme Sports ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Psychophysiological Functions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introduction. In modern sports, a high level of physical performance of the athlete is due to the functional properties and condition of all body systems. Of particular importance is the assessment of the functional state of the central nervous system. At the same time, the potential risk of injuries increases with each passing year, so one of the main tasks of sports physicians, psychologists, physiologists, especially in high-achievement sports, is to reduce injuries in sports. The aim of the study was to compare the state of psychophysiological functions of highly qualified athletes who specialize in sports with varying degrees of extremeness (snowboarding, downhill skiing, cross-country skiing). Material and methods. To determine the state of psychophysiological functions of athletes used diagnostic complex "Diagnostics-1" (MV Makarenko, VS Lyzogub). The group of respondents included qualified athletes engaged in skiing, characterized by the predominance of dynamic speed and a high probability of injury. These sports make special demands primarily on the central nervous system of athletes. In accordance with the purpose of the work, we studied the latent periods of simple visual-motor reaction, simple and complex reaction of choice, the efficiency of sensorimotor activity and the dynamics of nervous processes in the feedback mode, the accuracy of the reaction to a moving object and the ratio of reactions of advance and delay, dynamic muscular endurance of the right and left hands (according to the tapping test), as well as the basic properties of the nervous system namely the functional mobility of nervous processes and the strength of nervous processes. Results. Athletes with a higher degree of extreme sports and risk of injury (snowboarders and skiers) showed a higher psychophysiological status in terms of strength of nervous processes and indicators of reaction to a moving object, a higher level of dynamic muscular endurance in terms of tapping test. Conclusions. The identified differences in the state of psychophysiological functions in athletes with varying degrees of extreme sports activities and the level of risk of injury can have prognostic value and be used to optimize sports improvement in these sports.

scholarly journals The state of psychophysiological functions in handball players with different experience of sports training

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
S. Fedorchuk ◽  
Ye. Petrushevskyi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Psychophysiological Functions ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the study was to compare the state of psychophysiological functions of highly qualified handball players with different experience of sports training (special training). To determine the state of psychophysiological functions of athletes diagnostic complex "Diagnostics-1" was used (MV Makarenko, VS Lyzogub). In accordance with the purpose of the work, we studied the properties of the nervous system (functional mobility and strength of nervous processes), the efficiency of sensorimotor activity and the dynamics of nervous processes in feedback, the latency of complex response reactions of choice, the accuracy of response to a moving object. Higher psychophysiological status in terms of the strength of nervous processes (both in the feedback mode and during long-term sensorimotor loads in the mode of imposed rhythm) was demonstrated by athletes of the older age group with more experience of sports training. Athletes of older and younger age groups did not differ in the level of functional mobility of nervous processes and accuracy of reaction to a moving object. Therefore, we can assume that athletes with less experience of sports training in the state of these psychophysiological functions have reached the level of athletes of the older age group, ie the level of maximum realization of individual capabilities. The identified differences in the individual-typological properties of the higher parts of the central nervous system in female handball players with different sports experience can have prognostic value and be used to optimize sports improvement in this sport.

scholarly journals Dynamic muscular endurance in connection with the state of psychophysiological functions of qualified female athlethes

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
S. Fedorchuk ◽  
Ye. Petrushevskyi
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
The State ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Psychophysiological Functions ◽  
The Right

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between dynamic muscular endurance of the hand (according to the tapping test) with the state of psychophysiological functions of qualified female handball players at different stages of sports training. Diagnostic complex "Diagnostics-1" (MV Makarenko, VS Lyzogub) was used to determine the state of psychophysiological functions of athletes, the maximum rate ofmovement of the brush. Dynamic muscular endurance of the right and left brushs, properties of the nervous system (functional mobility and strength of nervous processes), the effectiveness of sensorimotor activity and the dynamics of nervous processes, the latency period of a complex reaction of choice, the accuracy of the reaction to a moving object were studied in accordance with the purpose of the study. Dynamic muscular endurance of subdominant hand was significantly higher in older female athletes. There is a tendency to increase the dynamic muscular endurance of the dominant hand in older female athletes. The asymmetry according to the indicators of the tapping test between the right and left hand was lower in the older age group than in the younger age group. In general, the results indicate a higher level of dynamic muscular endurance of both arms in older female athletes, who are more adapted to long-term specific physical activity. That is, the improvement of special training in handball leads to the development of dynamic muscular endurance. This is confirmed by the results of the correlation analysis of the obtained data: dynamic muscular endurance of the subdominant arm was associated with the experience of sports training. The maximum rate of movement of the brush of both hands in the surveyed female athletes was associated with the strength of nervous processes and the accuracy of the reaction to a moving object. The dynamic muscular endurance of the dominant hand' brush was associated with the functional mobility of nervous processes.

scholarly journals Neurodynamic properties of cyclists with different levels of mobilizations in the reaction to the moving object

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
S. Fedorchuk ◽  
O. Lysenko ◽  
S. Tukaiev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Color Test ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Level

The purpose of the study was to determine the neurodynamic and psychological properties of elite cyclists concerning the level of mobilizationin the reaction to the moving object. In order to determine the neurodynamic properties of athletes we used the diagnostic complex "Diagnost-1". The reaction to the moving object was used to monitor and predict the functional state of the central nervous system of athletes, to assess thespeed and accuracy of the response, the excitation/inhibition ratio, and the balance of nervous processes. Moreover, we have analyzed the forceand functional mobility of nervous processes, the sensorimotor activity, namely the dynamics of nervous processes, the efficiency and speed ofboth the simple sensorimotor reaction, and the simple and complex sensorimotor choosing reaction, the sensorimotor asymmetry index, and otherparameters. Hans Eysenck's Personality Inventory (EPI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by C. Spielberger (adapted by Y. Hanin) and the Luscher color test allowed determining individual typological characteristics and the psycho-emotional state of athletes. The results of the reaction to the moving objects revealed differences between cycling athletes with high, medium and low mobilization rates. The most optimal functional state of the central nervous system in terms of the reaction to the moving object was specific to the cyclists with the low level of mobilization. Athletes with a high level of mobilization did not demonstrate significant differences in the reactions to the moving objects, but differed the higher stability in the complex sensory-motor choice reaction. Athletes with the medium level of mobilization in the reaction to the moving objects were characterized by the lowest level of State Anxiety in combination with a reduced functional state of the central nervous system. Thus, the higher efficiency of sensorimotor response was detected in the athletes with the high and low mobilization level in the reaction to moving objects.

Takata-Aga reaction in the study of cerebrospinal fluid

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1182-1182
Author(s):  
D. K. Bogoroditsky
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
The State ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The technique of this reaction, suggested by two Japanese authors, Takata and Aga, in 1926, consists in adding 1 drop of a 10% Na carbonici solution and 0.3 of a freshly prepared mixture of equal parts 0.5% sulfa solution and 0.02% fuchsin (non-acid) solution to 1 cc of liquid. The mixture is shaken well and left in a test tube, and examined now after shaking, after h, after h, and after 24 h. Having tested this reaction in 60 patients, D.K. Bogoroditsky found that it is a very subtle indicator of the state of the central nervous system.

Investigation into Intellectual Changes Following Prefrontal Leucotomy

1949 ◽  
Vol 95 (401) ◽  
pp. 826-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Freudenberg ◽  
J. P. S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Psychophysiological Functions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interpretation Of Change

This investigation is not concerned with the clinical indications or results of prefrontal leucotomy, but attempts to re-examine changes following the operation, especially in regard to the impairment of some of the manifestations of the highest integrative psychophysiological functions of the central nervous system that may bring about such alterations. Amongst these we were primarily interested in cognitive changes, but the interpretation of apparent cognitive changes led to the consideration of orectic alterations as well. Such changes have so far been impossible to localize exactly, but are considered to be partly related to the phylogenetically more recent parts of the cerebral cortex. Masserman (1946) compared the mechanism of shock treatment and leucotomy with the effects of alcohol and states that “its main actions are those of a cortical depressant,” as manifested by impairment of finer perceptions and discriminations and a “constriction of the integrative field.” He believes that shock therapies and leucotomy partly produce their results by temporary or permanent decorticating effects, “rendering the individual no longer capable of fine spun fantasies or elaborate delusions.” These decorticating effects can be assumed to be reflected in cognitive, conative and emotional alterations following the operation. The interpretation of change following leucotomy presents many difficulties, one of them being that only dysfunction can be related to structural damage of the frontal lobe and not function. Another is that psychotics or severe neurotics operated upon usually do not have a sufficiently intact pre-operative personality to draw conclusions about the normal functions.

The role of metabolites and the role of histo-hematological barriers in the regulation of body functions. (End)

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-532
Author(s):  
L. S. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
The State ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Physiological Systems

Evaluation of the results obtained in the study of the effect of cerebrospinal fluid on various physiological systems is complicated by the fact that the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid depends to a large extent on the state of the blood-brain barrier, and thus reflects not only a certain physiological state of the central nervous system. There is no doubt that the metabolic products of the brain, secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid, exert their effect not only on the activity of various parts of the brain and on the coordination of their functions, but due to the rapid transition of these substances from the cerebrospinal fluid into the general circulation, they also affect as a humoral a factor on the function of other physiological systems, as it was revealed in a number of experiments carried out in recent years in our laboratories. For example, it turned out that under various influences (direct irritation of the central nervous system in experimental epilepsy, irritation of the sensory nerves associated with severe pain, traumatic shock, toxemic or chemical shock, as well as starvation, prolonged insomnia, etc.) - substances appear in the cerebrospinal fluid that affect the state and activity of the cardiovascular system, the tone of smooth muscles, the excitability of the central nervous system, etc. These are the results of the work of our employees: Zeitlin, Weiss, Harles, Voskresensky, Gromakovskaya , Bazarova, Gotsman, Komarova and others. Work in this direction continues at the present time.

Morphofunctional Indicators of the Effects of Protons on the Central Nervous System

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
К. Ляхова ◽  
K. Lyakhova ◽  
И. Колесникова ◽  
I. Kolesnikova ◽  
Д. Утина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Early Period ◽  
The State ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Accelerated Protons

Purpose: Investigation of the dose–time–effect dependency of the behavior of mice and rats after irradiation with accelerated protons and comparison of these data with the morphological changes in the hippocampus and the cerebellum of rodents. Material and methods: Experiments were performed on outbred adult female ICR mice (CD-1), SPF categories, body weight 30–35 g, of the age of 10 weeks – total number 61 animals, and on 39 male Sprague Dawley outbred rats weighing 190–230 g, aged 6.5–7.5 weeks. The animals were irradiated with accelerated protons with energy of 70 MeV on the medical beam of the phasotron of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna). Mice were placed in individual containers and irradiated 4 ones at a time. Irradiation was performed in a modified Bragg peak at doses of 0.5; 1; 2.5 and 5 Gy in caudocranial and craniocaudal direction. Rats were divided into 2 groups: intact control and group irradiated with 170 MeV protons at a dose of 1 Gy, dose rate of 1 Gy / min in the craniocaudal direction. The behavioral responses of experimental animals were tested in the Open Field test on days 1, 7, 14, 30, 90 in rats and on days 8, 30, and 90 in mice. Quantitative analysis of the dilution of Purkinje cells in the rat cerebellum was made, as well as morphological changes in the rat hippocampal neurons. It was shown a development of structural changes after irradiation with protons in neurons of different severity at different times after exposure: after 30 and 90 days. Results: In the period of 1–8 days after proton irradiation of mice and rats in non-lethal doses (0.5–5.0 Gy), there is a dose-independent decrease in the main indicators of the spontaneous locomotor activity of rodents. By the 90th day after irradiation, there is a clear tendency to normalize the indicators of OIR in all groups of irradiated animals, while the ES remains elevated. Disruption of motor activity of rodents irradiated with protons in the early period and its relative normalization in the late post-irradiation period occur on the background of an increased number of morphologically altered and dystrophic neurons in the hippocampus and rarefied of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Conclusion: The complex hierarchical structure of the central nervous system, the dependence of its function on the state of the whole organism and its hormonal background, as well as on the state of the blood supply and other factors, along with its high plasticity, require complex physiological, morphological and neurochemical approaches in analyzing the radiobiological effect of corpuscular radiation, taking into consideration the unevenness in dose distribution during irradiation.

scholarly journals Features of Functioning of the Central Nervous System of the Residents of Moscow and Moscow Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Fedorova Elena ◽  
Kazakov Alexander ◽  
Belyaev Dmitry ◽  
Lapina Polina
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Motor Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Visual Motor

The study focuses on the lability and adaptability of the central nervous system of residents of Moscow and Moscow region aged 65 and older. All examinees regularly practised various types of physical activity, such as Nordic walking, cycling, Qigong gymnastics, etc. The functional state of the central nervous system of the examinees was studied using the Psychophysiologist hardware-software system by determining simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR), complex visual-motor reaction (CVMR), reaction to a moving object (RMO). Based on the analysis of speed and stability of sensorimotor reactions in response to light stimuli and moving object we made an express-evaluation of the level of functional state of the central nervous system, sensorimotor reactions, quality of activity, balance of inhibition and excitation processes. As a result of the study, the optimal level of CNS functioning was registered in most of the examinees. Activation of the central nervous system in the majority of the examinees is at an average level, the average level of operative efficiency is noted. The results of the study indicate a shift in the balance of nervous processes in the examinees towards inhibition.

scholarly journals Do the results of the sensomotor response reflect the typological properties of the central nervous system?

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
V. S. Lyzohub ◽  
V. V. Shpanyuk ◽  
V. O. Pustovalov ◽  
T. V. Kozhemyako ◽  
V. O. Suprunovich
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction.During the study, we tried to find out whether the temporal characteristics of sensory-motor response can reflect the typological properties of the central nervous system. Such research is essential to reveal the mechanisms of development of higher mental functions and mental capacity.Purpose.To establish the relationship between the speed characteristics of visual-motor reaction different complexity and individual-typological properties of the central nervous system.Methods.Individual differences of sensorimotor reaction and the properties of the main nervous processes were determined by the method of M. V. Makarenko [8] using the computer system "Diagnost-1". 32 teenagers aged 10-11 were examined. During the study, the indicators of latent periods of simple (SVMR) and complex visual-motor reactions of choice (RC1-2, RC2-3), functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNS) were investigated. Results.Speed characteristics of simple (SVMR) and complex visual-motor reactions of choice of one (RC1-3) and choice of two (RC2-3) excitatory and inhibitory signals were studied in order to 202177use them to assess individual typological properties of the central nervous system (CNS) in adolescents 10-11 years old. There is no evidence of a relationship between the rate of SVMR with different levels of functional mobility (FMNS) of nervous processes in adolescents 10-11 years old.The reaction rate did not differ statistically and was the same in representatives with high, medium and low levels oftypological properties of nervous system. The results of the correlation analysis between SVMR and FMNP were r = 0.13 (p = 0.59), which indicated no relationship between them. The relationship of sensorimotor response time with individual-typological features of the CNS was established in complex information differentiation RC2-3. The temporal characteristics of RC2-3 were dependent on the individual-typological properties of the CNS.The reaction rate of RC2-3 was higher in adolescents 10-11 years old with high levels of -3 were r = 0.35 (p = 0.034).The results show that the velocity characteristics of complex neurodynamic acts, in contrast to simple ones, can be used as quantitative characteristics of the typological properties of the CNS.Originality.The results of our research may be evidence that the indicator RC2-3 can be used as an additional informative criterion for assessing the individual-typological properties of the higher parts of the central nervous system.Conclusion. The temporal characteristics of SVMR and RC1-3 cannot be considered as informative criteria for assessing the individual-typological properties of CNS in adolescents 10-11 years. Time characteristics of RC2-3 differentiation reactions can be used as additional indicators for assessing the individual-typological properties of higher nervous activity in adolescents 10-11 years, namely, the level of functional mobility of nervous processes.Key words:processing of information of various complexity, speed characteristics of simple reactions, motor acts of choice and differentiation, individual-typological properties, functional mobility of nervous processes

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