Peculiarities of changes of psychophysiological functions, state of human adaptive capacity and stress resistance of students of higher medical institutions

The study is devoted to assessing the psychophysiological adaptive capabilities of students of higher medical institutions. There was conducted a screening study on the basis of which a correlation analysis of a group of 42 students was performed. The main inclusion criterion was good physical activity. Exclusion criteria - the presence of chronic diseases, acute respiratory viral infections at the time of examination, taking antidepressants or psychoactive substances. The study was aimed to identify the peculiarities of changes in psychophysiological functions and the state of adaptive capacity of students of higher medical institutions being in stressful conditions. The following methods from the software and hardware complex "Psycholot-1" were used for the study: "Functional mobility of nervous processes according to Khilchenko" and "Memory." The survey was conducted under micro-stress, it means all tasks had to be completed in a limited period. Statistical analysis of the data was performed to establish correlations between psychophysiological indicators of short-term memory and functional mobility of nervous processes (Spearman's rank correlation index). It was found that the faster the stimulus appears in conditions of time deficit, the lower the mobility of nervous processes in the student, which is directly reflected in the indicators in increasing the minimum exposure time of the figure on the screen (0.27±0.007 s). In addition, a relationship was found between the rate of reaction of the left hand to a stimulus and the amount of information that a person can store in short-term memory. The information obtained will help to determine the initial data of the adaptive capacity of a potentially healthy contingent of people and predict their success in further professional activities in the sphere of medicine.

Transformation of psychophysiological characteristics in practically healthy and patients with hypertension of the I stage military pilots. Message II. Hidden factors that affect the formation of the ability of pilots with different health conditions

Annotation. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the transformation of professionally important psychophysiological qualities of military pilots who are practically healthy and patients with stage I hypertension. The article highlights the hidden factors that contribute to the performance of a military pilot. These factors make it possible to explain the peculiarities of the mechanisms of organization of working capacity in practically healthy and patients with hypertension and stage I military pilots. Special decision-making rules have been developed, which make it possible to state that even small changes in the state of health that occur during the development of stage I hypertension are appropriately reflected in the level of psychophysiological functions on the basis of which it is possible to distinguish with a probability of 77.5%. The degree of connection between the state of health of military pilots and the level of their psychophysiological characteristics was assessed. Recommendations for taking into account cognitive changes in pilots of patients with stage I hypertension have been developed. It is established that stage I hypertension affects the structure of correlations of psychophysiological functions of the body, which shows the difference in the mechanisms of regulation of these functions in the development of the disease. It is shown that even practically healthy military pilots have different levels of mental capacity and can show their psychophysiological qualities in different ways, especially in extreme conditions. In addition, it was found that hypertension makes about a third of the surveyed sick pilots more active, which, in turn, increases the physiological cost of professional activities, to reduce which requires periodic treatment and prevention and rehabilitation measures.

Peculiarities of relationships of characteristics of adaptation capabilities of the organism and indicators of motor activity of students

The health of student youth is largely determined by the level of functional capabilities of the organism, which depends on the level of motor activity, that is the total number of movements that a person performs in a given period of time. The purpose of the work is to establish the features of the relationship between the characteristics of adaptive capacity, functional status and level of development of psychophysiological functions and criteria for motor activity of students. The research was conducted on the basis of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, where 385 students (200 young girls and 185 young boys) were supervised, who, taking into account the peculiarities of the distribution of different levels of motor activity, were divided into 3 comparison groups – with potentially low, medium and potentially high levels of motor activity. The values of daily energy consumption, number of locomotions and duration of the dynamic component in the daily budget were used as the leading criteria of hygienic assessment of students’ motor activity. Functional features and adaptive capabilities of the organism were determined using conventional methods. The analysis of the obtained results involved the use of a standard application package of multidimensional statistical analysis “Statistica 6.1 for Windows”. The results of studies conducted on the basis of correlation analysis procedures indicate the fact that the largest number of correlations between the characteristics of psychophysiological functions and the leading characteristics of health and indicators of academic performance in professionally oriented disciplines studied are recorded in girls, and boys who belonged to the group with an average level of physical activity (daily energy expenditure of 9000-11000 kJ in young girls and 11000-13500 kJ in young boys). The use of cluster analysis procedures during the prognostic assessment of indicators of health and academic performance in professionally-oriented disciplines, made it possible to identify 3 clusters of the studied characteristics of the functional state of students, which have the most pronounced effect on their values: visual-motor speed cluster (indicators of the latent period of simple and differentiated visual-motor response), visual-sensory cluster (indicators of critical fusion of light flickers and efficiency of work performed) and integrative-coordination cluster (a number of indicators that reflect the properties of major nervous processes, characteristics coordination of movements, indicators of attention functions, etc.). Using factor analysis procedures, it determined that both young girls and young boys have the most positive impact on academic performance in vocational disciplines such factors as “functional state of the visual sensory system”, “functional state of coordination” and “functional state of higher nervous activity”.

Original software package for psychophysiological and cognitive functions analysis of children

Psychometry plays an important role when determining the state of psychophysiological and cognitive functions in children of different ages. Goal. To deliver an original software package for a psychophysiological computer complex (PCC) “Psychomat” for implementing an online analysis of psychophysiological and cognitive functions in children of different ages. Materials and methods. One hundred eighty-four conditionally healthy school children aged 6 to 17 years were examined using a set of psychophysiological tests and original methods for evaluating higher mental functions (24 tests, 66 parameters). Results. An original software package as the computer psychophysiological complex “Psychomat” was elaborated. The norm base was determined. Also, the testing mechanism and scoring system in points for psychophysiological functions assessment were developed. Thus, it became possible to establish the patterns of cognitive and psychophysiological functions development at different ages. Conclusion. This newly created software package can be used as a test system for mass examination of children of different ages.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESULTS OF ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF MILITARY PILOTS

The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the values and structure of correlation relationships of psychophysiological function of different categories of military pilots (112 – supersonic, 109 – transport and 142 – helicopter aircraft). The analysis of the obtained results was carried out according to the indicators of personified characteristics, neurodynamic and psychomotor functions. A significant identity of the values and structure of the correlation relationships of indicators of psychophysiological functions of military pilots of supersonic and transport aviation was established. The presence of a common system-forming factor in ensuring the reliability of task performance determines the prevalence of indicators of psychomotor functions over those in helicopter pilots for whom the indicators of most neurodynamic functions are reliably better. Respectively, in the groups of military pilots of supersonic and transport aviation, psychophysiological functions are fairly well correlated with each other and are closely related to majority of personal characteristics, forming 45 and 52 % of relationships. Among helicopter pilots, such relationships are significantly less, amounting 24%. There is also a lack of significant influence of personalized characteristics on the formation of the «correlation frame» of psychophysiological functions.

Peculiarities of transformation of psychophysiological characteristics of military pilots, practically healthy and patients with stage I hypertension. Message I. Restructuring of performance correlates related to the health status of military pilots

Annotation. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the transformation of professionally important psychophysiological qualities of military pilots, practically healthy and with stage I hypertension (80 people). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the methods of variation statistics, nonparametric statistics – correlation (Spearman’s correlation coefficient), cluster analysis (k-means method) using the software package STATISTICA 13.3. It has been established that hypertension affects the structure of correlations of psychophysiological functions of the body, which indicates a difference in the mechanisms of regulation of these functions during the development of the disease. It is shown that even healthy military pilots have different levels of mental capacity and can show their psychophysiological qualities in different ways, especially in extreme conditions. In addition, it was found that in the presence of hypertension in the body of a third of pilots show compensatory reactions to increase the activation of body functions, which, in turn, increases the physiological cost of professional activity, to reduce which must periodically apply treatment and rehabilitation measures.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PILOTS

The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of the psychophysiological functions of 363 military and 110 civilian pilots by comparative analysis of the results of evaluating their values and the structure of correlation relationships. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the well-known methods of variation statistics and correlation analysis. It was shown that among military pilots the best were indicators of neurodynamic functions, attention and reliability of task performance, and among civilians – orientation in space and short-term memory. In the group of military pilots, psychophysiological functions are fairly well correlated with each other and are closely related to most of the personified characteristics, forming 45,5 ± 6,1% of relationships of the maximum number. Among civilian pilots, there are fewer such relationships 24,2 ± 5,3%; there is no correlation between psychophysiological functions and personified characteristics. The regulation of possible negative shifts in psychophysiological functions and the reliability of mission performance in military pilots is carried out primarily as a result of the stabilizing effect of the balance of nervous processes and, to a lesser extent, the strength of nervous processes and orientation in space. Among civilian pilots, such regulation is fairly evenly distributed between the balance of nervous processes, attention, orientation in space, and short-term memory.

Affective State during Physiotherapy and Its Analysis Using Machine Learning Methods

Invasive or uncomfortable procedures especially during healthcare trigger emotions. Technological development of the equipment and systems for monitoring and recording psychophysiological functions enables continuous observation of changes to a situation responding to a situation. The presented study aimed to focus on the analysis of the individual’s affective state. The results reflect the excitation expressed by the subjects’ statements collected with psychological questionnaires. The research group consisted of 49 participants (22 women and 25 men). The measurement protocol included acquiring the electrodermal activity signal, cardiac signals, and accelerometric signals in three axes. Subjective measurements were acquired for affective state using the JAWS questionnaires, for cognitive skills the DST, and for verbal fluency the VFT. The physiological and psychological data were subjected to statistical analysis and then to a machine learning process using different features selection methods (JMI or PCA). The highest accuracy of the kNN classifier was achieved in combination with the JMI method (81.63%) concerning the division complying with the JAWS test results. The classification sensitivity and specificity were 85.71% and 71.43%.

Factor structure of the complex preparedness of young football players 12-13 years old

Purpose: to determine the factor structure of the complex readiness of young football players 12-13 years old based on the level of development of physical qualities, mastery of technical elements and indicators of psychophysiological functions. Material and methods. Participants: 48 football players 12-13 years old participated in the study of the sports club “Kolos”, Kharkiv, Ukraine. All children started to play football in the age of 10-11, that is, the duration of football classes was 1-2 years. Research methods. The following data were determined: indicators of the level of physical preparedness, indicators of the level of technical preparedness, indicators of the psychophysiological functional state. The structure of complex preparedness was determined using factor analysis (SPSS-17, Dimension Redaction - Factor; Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis; Varimax with Kaiser Normalization). Results. In the structure of complex training of young football players aged 12-13, 4 main factors were identified: 1 - "Speed-power and technical training" (30.36% of the total dispersion); 2 - "Attention switching" (20.7% of the total variance); 3 - "Sensitivity of the nervous system" (15.4% of the total dispersion); 4 - "Mobility of the nervous system" (13.9% of the total dispersion). Conclusions. Speed and strength, technical training in combination with switching of attention and mobility of the nervous system are dominated in the structure of complex training of young football players aged 12-13. The obtained data create conditions for recommendations in the training process of young football players aged 12-13 increase the number of exercises that require the development of speed and strength, technical training in combination with exercises to switch attention.

The First Female Dry Immersion (NAIAD-2020): Design and Specifics of a 3-Day Study

This article describes procedures and some results of the first study of females undergoing 3-day Dry Immersion. The experiment “NAIAD-2020” was carried out at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (Moscow, Russia) with the participation of six healthy women volunteers (age 30.17 ± 5.5 years, height 1.66 ± 0.1 m, weight 62.05 ± 8.4 kg, BMI 22.39 ± 2.2 kg/m2) with a natural menstrual cycle. During the study, a standard protocol was used, the same as for men, with a minimum period of time spent outside the immersion bath. Before, during and after Immersion, 22 experiments were carried out aimed at studying the neurophysiological, functional, metabolic and psychophysiological functions of the body, the results of which will be presented in future publications. The total time outside the bath for women did not exceed that for men. Systolic and diastolic pressure did not significantly change during the immersion. In the first 24 h after the end of the immersion, heart rate was significantly higher than the background values [F(4,20) = 14.67; P < 0.0001]. Changes in body temperature and water balance were consistent with the patterns found in men. No significant changes in height and weight were found during immersion. All women reported general discomfort and pain in the abdomen and back. The results of this study did not find significant risks to women’s health and showed the feasibility of using this model of the effects of space flight in women of reproductive age.