scholarly journals Pengaruh Attachment terhadap Self-Disclosure pada Pria Dewasa Awal yang Berpacaran

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Helen Xaveria Pangestu ◽  
Jessica Ariela
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Experiences In Close Relationships

Berpacaran merupakan suatu tahapan bagi manusia untuk membangun attachment dengan lawan jenis yang umumnya dijalani saat berada di usia dewasa awal. Konflik tidak dapat dihindari dalam hubungan pacaran dan isu ini sering dikaitkan dengan masalah komunikasi. Self-disclosure dianggap menjadi salah satu cara untuk meminimalisir konflik. Individu yang merasa aman dalam membangun attachment memiliki kecenderungan untuk lebih banyak melakukan self-disclosure dan komunikasi secara langsung dibandingkan individu yang merasa tidak aman dalam membangun attachment. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti apakah attachment yang terdiri dari dua dimensi, yaitu anxiety dan avoidance, memiliki pengaruh terhadap self-disclosure pada 72 pria dewasa awal yang sedang berpacaran. Penelitian dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan instrumen penelitian yaitu Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised dan Revised Self-Disclosure Scale. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh negatif yang signifikan antara attachment anxiety terhadap self-disclosure (R2=.09, F= 7.127, p<.05) dan attachment avoidance terhadap self-disclosure (R2=.22, F= 20.258, p<.05). Artinya, semakin tinggi tingkat attachment anxiety dan/atau attachment avoidance seseorang, maka semakin rendah tingkat self-disclosure seseorang, dan sebaliknya. Namun, saat diperhitungkan bersama sebagai sebuah konstruk, hanya attachment avoidance yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap self-disclosure. Penemuan lain yang berkaitan dengan attachment dan self-disclosure juga turut didiskusikan. Kata Kunci: attachment, self-disclosure, berpacaran, dewasa awal

Attachment Orientations Mediate the Effect of World Assumptions on Posttraumatic Stress in Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse

2021 ◽  
pp. 105413732110504
Author(s):  
Paulo Ferrajão ◽  
Ask Elklit
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
The Self ◽  
World Assumptions ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
The World

Recent research indicates that world assumptions are broad cognitive-affective schemas that affect attachment orientations in close relationships which in turn affect psychological symptoms severity. The present study analyzed if adult attachment mediated the effect of world assumptions (worthiness of the self, benevolence and meaningfulness of the world) on PTSD symptoms (PTS), in survivors of childhood sexual abuse during treatment for PTSD. Sample included 327 individuals who were sexually abused in childhood. Variables were assessed using self-report measures. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine if the effect of world assumptions at the beginning of psychotherapeutic treatment (T1) on PTS levels 12 months after the beginning of psychotherapeutic treatment (T3) was mediated by both attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety six months after the beginning of treatment (T2). Attachment avoidance fully mediated the effect of both worthiness of the self and benevolence of the world at T1 on PTS at T3 was mediated by both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance at T2. Findings suggest that world assumptions are broad cognitive-affective schemas about the self and the world that have their actual expression in close relationships which mediate the effect of world assumptions on PTS levels.

Interrelations between Attachment Styles, Emotional Contagion and Loneliness

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2096601
Author(s):  
Dominik Borawski ◽  
Tomasz Wajs ◽  
Konstancja Sojka ◽  
Urszula Misztal
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Predictor

The main purpose of this study was to examine the roles of parental attachment styles and emotional contagion in predicting the level of loneliness. Based on the theoretical and empirical premises, we have decided to investigate whether emotional contagion can be associated with loneliness, when the attachment styles are controlled for, and whether emotional contagion can function as a mediator in the relationship between attachment avoidance and loneliness. The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, and the Emotional Contagion Scale were applied to the research. In our results, attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were demonstrated to be positive predictors, while positive emotional contagion was shown to be a negative predictor of loneliness. Moreover, our data revealed that catching the positive (but not negative) emotions of others was a mediator in the relationship between attachment avoidance and loneliness.

You Can’t See the Real Me: Attachment Avoidance, Self-Verification, and Self-Concept Clarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia F. Emery ◽  
Wendi L. Gardner ◽  
Kathleen L. Carswell ◽  
Eli J. Finkel
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
The Real

Attachment shapes people’s experiences in their close relationships and their self-views. Although attachment avoidance and anxiety both undermine relationships, past research has primarily emphasized detrimental effects of anxiety on the self-concept. However, as partners can help people maintain stable self-views, avoidant individuals’ negative views of others might place them at risk for self-concept confusion. We hypothesized that avoidance would predict lower self-concept clarity and that less self-verification from partners would mediate this association. Attachment avoidance was associated with lower self-concept clarity (Studies 1-5), an effect that was mediated by low self-verification (Studies 2-3). The association between avoidance and self-verification was mediated by less self-disclosure and less trust in partner feedback (Study 4). Longitudinally, avoidance predicted changes in self-verification, which in turn predicted changes in self-concept clarity (Study 5). Thus, avoidant individuals’ reluctance to trust or become too close to others may result in hidden costs to the self-concept.

Selecting the Best Items for a Short-Form of the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-France Lafontaine ◽  
Audrey Brassard ◽  
Yvan Lussier ◽  
Pierre Valois ◽  
Philip R. Shaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Mental Health Practitioners ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Experiences In Close Relationships

Abstract. Five studies were conducted to develop a short form of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire with optimal psychometric properties. Study 1 involved Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses of the responses of 2,066 adults, resulting in a 12-item form of the ECR containing the most discriminating items. The psychometric properties of the ECR-12 were further demonstrated in two longitudinal studies of community samples of couples (Studies 2 and 3), in a sample of individuals in same-sex relationships (Study 4), and with couples seeking therapy (Study 5). The psychometric properties of the ECR-12 are as good as those of the original ECR and superior to those of an existing short form. The ECR-12 can confidently be used by researchers and mental health practitioners when a short measure of attachment anxiety and avoidance is required.

Impact of Adult Attachment Anxiety on Deception Judgments: Examining the Moderating Effect of Motivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Wu ◽  
Wei Cai ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Shenghua Jin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Experiences In Close Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

Several psychologists have paid attention to individual differences in deception detection, but only a few studies have found significant results. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between attachment anxiety and deception judgment when there are no obvious cues to distinguish lies from truth, and to examine the moderating effect of motives. Participants were instructed to judge each of 10 audios on whether they were true or false. Subsequently, the attachment anxiety of participants was assessed using the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire. Results revealed that, compared with people who had low attachment anxiety, those with high attachment anxiety tend to have higher truth biases in the low-motive condition and lower accuracy in the high-motive condition.

Measuring Attachment Dimensions in Adolescents: Development and Validation of the Experiences in Close Relationships — Revised — General Short Form

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross B. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Experiences In Close Relationships ◽  
Relationship Attachment ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

AbstractThe assessment of attachment in adolescence remains problematic, with the most widely used measure, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA; Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), argued to have major short-comings. This article reports two studies examining the psychometric properties of a shortened and modified version of the Experiences in Close Relationships — Revised (ECR-R) (Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000), the Experiences in Close Relationships — Revised — General Short Form (ECR-R-GSF), for the assessment of general relationship attachment anxiety and avoidance in adolescents and young adults. Confirmatory factor analyses in two independent samples of high school and university students (TotalN= 1187, 11 to 22 years) demonstrate support for the two-factor model of attachment anxiety and avoidance. The measurement model was supported across data sets and was not significantly different with respect to either age or sex. While the ECR-R-GSF demonstrated appropriate convergent and discriminant validity with the Relationships Questionnaire (RQ (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) it did not converge with specific, parental relationship attachment as assessed by the IPPA. The ECR-R-GSF is argued to be a reliable and psychometrically sound instrument for assessing general attachment dimensions across a wide age range.

scholarly journals Volitional Change in Adult Attachment: Can People Who Want to Become Less Anxious and Avoidant Move Closer towards Realizing those Goals?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W. Hudson ◽  
William J. Chopik ◽  
Daniel A. Briley
Keyword(s):  
European Association ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Experiences In Close Relationships ◽  
Criterion Variables

People value relationships and want to relate to both friends and romantic partners in a secure and comfortable fashion. But can individuals move towards realizing this goal of their own volition? To address this question, across three studies with a combined total of more than 4000 participants, we developed and validated a new measure of people's desires to change their attachment anxiety and avoidance. In Study 1, we created the new, 16–item Change Goals—Experiences in Close Relationships measure. In Study 2, we replicated the Change Goals—Experiences in Close Relationships’ factor structure and demonstrated that it correlates in theoretically expected ways with criterion variables (e.g. people who were high in undesirable traits such as anxiety or avoidance generally wanted to change those traits; change goals were linked to dissatisfaction with relevant life domains). Finally, in Study 3, we conducted a 16–wave, weekly longitudinal study. Results indicated that goals to change attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted corresponding growth across time (e.g. people who wanted to become less anxious tended to experience declines in attachment anxiety across time). Thus, our research provides a new measure for studying changes in attachment and suggests people may be able to increase in attachment security per their own volition. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals The Attachment Dynamic: Dyadic Patterns of Anxiety and Avoidance in Relationship Functioning

2020 ◽  
pp. 026540752097585
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Rodriguez ◽  
Anthony Coy ◽  
Benjamin W. Hadden
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

Whereas attachment dimensions (i.e., anxiety and avoidance) are generally associated with lower levels of relationship evaluations (e.g., satisfaction, commitment), research has not yet fully incorporated how partner attachment is related to these evaluations, nor how dyadic patterns (actor × partner attachment interactions) are associated with evaluations. Across two dyadic studies ( N = 185, 123 dyads), we examine how actor, partner, and actor × partner interactions of attachment anxiety and avoidance are associated with reports of trust, satisfaction, and commitment. Results generally revealed that actor effects of attachment anxiety on lower relationship evaluations were weaker when partners were more anxious and stronger when partners were more avoidant. Moreover, actor effects of attachment avoidance on lower trust and satisfaction were stronger when partners were more anxious. Finally, own avoidance was more strongly negatively related to commitment in the presence of a more avoidant partner. These results suggest that the combination of attachment within relationships is important to consider for both close relationships researchers and clinicians.

The Relationship Between Texture Responses on the Rorschach and Adult Attachment

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Iwasa ◽  
Toshiki Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Sensitive Measure ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the relationship between texture responses (T) on the Rorschach and adult attachment in the Japanese population. 47 Japanese undergraduate and graduate students (mean age = 20.16, SD = 1.87) completed a self-report adult attachment scale as well as the Rorschach. An ANOVA revealed that T = 1 participants were attached more securely than were other groups. T > 1 participants were more preoccupied with attachment and scored higher on an attachment anxiety scale than the T = 1 group. Although these results were consistent with the interpretation of the texture response according to the Comprehensive System (CS), the results obtained for T = 0 participants were inconsistent with hypotheses derived from the CS. T = 0 participants were high on preoccupied and attachment anxiety scores, although they were theoretically expected to be high on dismissing or attachment avoidance. These results indicated that – at least in Japan – T should be regarded as a sensitive measure of attachment anxiety.

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