scholarly journals BEYOND PSEUDO-ACCOMODATIVE CORNEA LASIK (PAC LASIK). A PERSONAL INSIGHT

2021 ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Optical Part ◽  
Personal Insight ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mild Headache

Laser in-situ keratomieleusis (LASIK) is a common intervention for young, active, ametropic individuals to improve their visual acuity. pseudo-accommodative cornea (PAC), a variant of LASIK, to correct ametropia among presbyopic patients is proven in maintaining good distant vision; yet, the satisfactory spectacle free reading vision is limited to the ageing progression. However, successful treatments do not guarantee patient’s satisfaction. Assesment of the objective topographic indicators, visual acuity, higher order abrasion, and contrast sensitivity; revealed the clarification of a mild headache as a personal subjective experience after the treatment. The role of the persistent, dominant eye, the brain perception, seems to be critical factor to a patient’s satisfaction. To a certain degree, the interplay amongst the optical part and it’s supporting tissue, within and between the eyeballs, as well as its relationship to the neurosensory parts of the visual systems after Lasik surgery have not yet been assessed and reported elsewhere.

scholarly journals The Gut Ecosystem: A Critical Player in Stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Delgado Jiménez ◽  
Corinne Benakis
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Improve Patient

AbstractThe intestinal microbiome is emerging as a critical factor in health and disease. The microbes, although spatially restricted to the gut, are communicating and modulating the function of distant organs such as the brain. Stroke and other neurological disorders are associated with a disrupted microbiota. In turn, stroke-induced dysbiosis has a major impact on the disease outcome by modulating the immune response. In this review, we present current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome in stroke, one of the most devastating brain disorders worldwide with very limited therapeutic options, and we discuss novel insights into the gut-immune-brain axis after an ischemic insult. Understanding the nature of the gut bacteria-brain crosstalk may lead to microbiome-based therapeutic approaches that can improve patient recovery.

scholarly journals Detection of Astrovirus in a Cow with Neurological Signs by Nanopore Technology, Italy

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guendalina Zaccaria ◽  
Alessio Lorusso ◽  
Melanie M. Hierweger ◽  
Daniela Malatesta ◽  
Sabrina VP Defourny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Brain

In this study, starting from nucleic acids purified from the brain tissue, Nanopore technology was used to identify the etiological agent of severe neurological signs observed in a cow which was immediately slaughtered. Histological examination revealed acute non-suppurative encephalomyelitis affecting the brainstem, cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata, while by using PCR-based assays, the nucleic acids of major agents for neurological signs were not detected. By using Nanopore technology, 151 sequence reads were assigned to Bovine Astrovirus (BoAstV). Real-time RT-PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) confirmed the presence of viral RNA in the brain. Moreover, using the combination of fluorescent ISH and immunofluorescence (IF) techniques, it was possible to detect BoAstV RNA and antigens in the same cells, suggesting the active replication of the virus in infected neurons. The nearly whole genome of the occurring strain (BoAstV PE3373/2019/Italy), obtained by Illumina NextSeq 500, showed the highest nucleotide sequence identity (94.11%) with BoAstV CH13/NeuroS1 26,730 strain, an encephalitis-associated bovine astrovirus. Here, we provide further evidence of the role of AstV as a neurotropic agent. Considering that in a high proportion of non-suppurative encephalitis cases, which are mostly indicative of a viral infection, the etiologic agent remains unknown, our result underscores the value and versatility of Nanopore technology for a rapid diagnosis when the PCR-based algorithm gives negative results.

scholarly journals Accommodation Amplitude Before and After Laser In Situ Keratomiletus (LASIK) In Myopic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Bonita Asyigah ◽  
Ani Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Near Vision ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Center Hospital

ABSTRACT Introductions: Laser in situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) is the most common refractive surgery to treat myopia. One of the most common complain after this procedure is blurry near- vision. Objectives: To evaluate the role of accommodation amplitude (AA) in myopic patients before and after LASIK and its effect to blurry near-vision in myopic patients after LASIK Methods: Patients with myopia who underwent LASIK procedure in Sriwijaya Eye Center Hospital from January to February 2018 studied prospectively. AA was assessed before and after LASIK with 1 day, 1 week and 1 month. Myopia degree, intraocular pressure (IOP), age, gender, ablation and corneal profile were also assessed. Results: A total 52 eyes from 32 patients were included. Visual acuity (VA) of all sample were significantly improve in 1 day after LASIK (p 0,001). Mean AA in myopic patients before LASIK 9,25 D and AA 1 day after LASIK were all significantly decrease into 9,00D (p 0,012) which can cause in blurry near- vision after LASIK. In 1 month followed-up, mean AA is significantly improved into 11,00 D (p 0,000) with no complain. Other factor that affect the changing AA were corneal cell density (CD), IOP and AA before LASIK. Conclusions: There is significant AA difference in myopic patients before and after LASIK. Blurry near-vision after LASIK is caused by AA adaptation mechanism after LASIK.

scholarly journals Neuroglobin, A Novel Member of the Globin Family, Is Expressed in Focal Regions of the Brain

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1591-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep P.A. Mammen ◽  
John M. Shelton ◽  
Sean C. Goetsch ◽  
S. Clay Williams ◽  
James A. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Murine Brain ◽  
Tegmental Nuclei ◽  
Pcr Techniques ◽  
The Brain

Hemoproteins are widely distributed among unicellular eukaryotes, plants, and animals. In addition to myoglobin and hemoglobin, a third hemoprotein, neuroglobin, has recently been isolated from vertebrate brain. Although the functional role of this novel member of the globin family remains unclear, neuroglobin contains a heme-binding domain and may participate in diverse processes such as oxygen transport, oxygen storage, nitric oxide detoxification, or modulation of terminal oxidase activity. In this study we utilized in situ hybridization (ISH) and RT-PCR analyses to examine the expression of neuroglobin in the normoxic and hypoxic murine brain. In the normoxic adult mouse, neuroglobin expression was observed in focal regions of the brain, including the lateral tegmental nuclei, the preoptic nucleus, amygdala, locus coeruleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. Using ISH and RT-PCR techniques, no significant changes in neuroglobin expression in the adult murine brain was observed in response to chronic 10% oxygen. These results support the hypothesis that neuroglobin is a hemoprotein that is expressed in the brain and may have diverse functional roles.

scholarly journals Correction of Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism by Femtosecond Laser in Situ Keratomileusis

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Tereza Řeháková ◽  
Věra Veliká ◽  
Naďa Jirásková
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Myopic Astigmatism

Aim: We analysed one-year refractive results and the incidence of complications in patients with correction of low-to-high myopia or myopic astigmatism by femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) using femtosecond laser LenSx® (Alcon, Fort Worth, Texas, USA) a excimer laser Excimer Amaris 500 (Schwind eye-tech-solutions GmbH and Co KG, Kleinostheim, Germany). Methods: To the retrospective study were included 171 eyes of 87 patients (38 men, 49 women) who underwent correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism by FS-LASIK in the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital in Hradec Králové between 2013-2017. We assessed uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subjective refraction, central corneal thickness (CCT) in the thinnest point, patient’s satisfaction and the incidence of complications in the one-year follow-up period. Results: At the time of laser procedure the mean patient‘s age was 29,26 ± 6,47 years (range 18 to 46 years). In 21 eyes was corrected myopia (range -6,5 to -2,5 D sph) and in 150 eyes myopic astigmatism (range -8,75 to -0,25 D sph and -3,0 to -0,25 D cyl). The mean preoperative UCVA 0,06 ± 0,08 (range 0,02 to 0,8) got better to 1,12 ± 0,17 (range 0,8 to 1,5) at the end of follow-up period. There wasn’t statistically significant change in BCVA between preoperative and postoperative values. Preoperative mean value of subjective refraction was -4,14 ± 1,43 D sph (range -8,5 to -1 D sph) and -0,57 ± 0,58 D cyl (range -3 to 0 D cyl) and after 12 months -0,02 ± 0,16 D sph (range -0,1 to 0,75 D sph) and -0,01 ± 0,1 D cyl (range -0,5 to 0,5 D cyl). The initial mean CCT was 554,76 ± 30,07 μm (range 485 to 660 μm), after 6 months 494,06 ± 34,99 μm (range 421 to 594 μm) and after 12 months 492,92 ± 34,55 μm (range 411 to 592 μm). We observed peroperative complications in 3 eyes. The suction loss of femtosecond laser occurred during flap creation due to sudden eye movement. Postoperatively in one case we enrolled flap pucker first postoperative day. In other case flap dislocation occurred after abdonimal surgery under general anesthesia which was performed 3 months after refractive procedure and we had to indicate flap reposition. The mean grade of patient’s satisfaction was at the end of follow-up period 1,04. The most often complaints were the sensation of dry eye (10 patients) and blurry vision during computer working, inadequate lighting and fatique (6 pacients). Conclusions: According to our experience correction of low-to-high myopia or myopic astigmatism by using FS-LASIK is an effective, relatively safe and predictable method. The basic assumption of good postoperative results and patient’s satisfaction is thorough and comprehensive preoperative examination with respect to indication criteria.

scholarly journals Expression of Kisspeptin 1 in the Brain of the Adult Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Daniel Sobrido-Cameán ◽  
Luis Alfonso Yáñez-Guerra ◽  
Alexandre Deber ◽  
María Celina Rodicio ◽  
Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Puberty Onset ◽  
The Brain

Kisspeptin peptides play major roles in the regulation of reproduction and puberty onset in mammals. While most mammals only have one kisspeptin gene, other jawed vertebrates present two or three genes. Recent data also revealed the presence of two genes in lampreys (jawless vertebrates). However, apart from gene sequence data, there is almost no information on the kisspeptinergic system of lampreys. Here, we report phylogenetic and cluster-based analyses showing that the duplication of the ancestral kisspeptin gene occurred before the separation of jawless and jawed vertebrates. We also studied the expression of the kisspeptin transcripts in the brain of post-metamorphic juveniles and upstream migrating adult sea lampreys. Our in situ hybridization results revealed expression of kisspeptin 1 in hypothalamic neurons, which indicates that the hypothalamic expression of kisspeptins is an ancestral character in vertebrates. We also observed the presence of kisspeptin 1 expressing neurons in the paratubercular (posterior tubercle) nucleus of the diencephalon. This is the first description of the presence of kisspeptin 1 expressing neurons in this brain region in any vertebrate. We did not detect expression of kisspeptin 2 in the juvenile or adult sea lamprey brain with in situ hybridization. Our data provides an anatomical basis to study the role of kisspeptin 1 in the hypothalamic-pituitary system of lampreys and the contribution of diencephalic kisspeptinergic neurons to different circuits of the lamprey brain.

scholarly journals Hemorrhage, Impaired Hematopoiesis, and Lethality in Mouse Embryos Carrying a Targeted Disruption of the Fli1Transcription Factor

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 5643-5652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetri D. Spyropoulos ◽  
Pamela N. Pharr ◽  
Kim R. Lavenburg ◽  
Pascale Jackers ◽  
Takis S. Papas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Stem Cell Line ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Targeted Disruption ◽  
Complete Penetrance ◽  
Ets Family ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The Ets family of transcription factors have been suggested to function as key regulators of hematopoeisis. Here we describe aberrant hematopoeisis and hemorrhaging in mouse embryos homozygous for a targeted disruption in the Ets family member, Fli1. Mutant embryos are found to hemorrhage from the dorsal aorta to the lumen of the neural tube and ventricles of the brain (hematorrhachis) on embryonic day 11.0 (E11.0) and are dead by E12.5. Histological examinations and in situ hybridization reveal disorganization of columnar epithelium and the presence of hematomas within the neuroepithelium and disruption of the basement membrane lying between this and mesenchymal tissues, both of which express Fli1 at the time of hemorrhaging. Livers from mutant embryos contain few pronormoblasts and basophilic normoblasts and have drastically reduced numbers of colony forming cells. These defects occur with complete penetrance of phenotype regardless of the genetic background (inbred B6, hybrid 129/B6, or outbred CD1) or the targeted embryonic stem cell line used for the generation of knockout lines. Taken together, these results provide in vivo evidence for the role of Fli1 in the regulation of hematopoiesis and hemostasis.

THE ROLE OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS IN INITIATION OF MILK SECRETION

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles K. Haun ◽  
Charles H. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Ventromedial Nucleus ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Electrolytic lesions were stereotaxically placed within the hypothalamus of ovariectomized, oestrogen-primed rabbits in order to determine what influence this area of the brain exerts upon lactogenesis. Before and after production of the lesions, the mammary glands were examined grossly (in situ) and microscopically for signs of secretory activity. Milk secretion was initiated or greatly enhanced (indicating release of abundant amounts of prolactin) in those, and only those, cases in which the lesions destroyed the arcuate nucleus and the base of the ventromedial nucleus. Since this identical region has been shown to be essential for the release of pituitary ovulating hormone, the present evidence strongly supports the concept that the hypothalamo-hypophysial mechanism which stimulates the release of gonadotrophins simultaneously inhibits the release of prolactin. Lactogenesis in the rabbit would thus seen to be a phenomenon in which the adenohypophysis liberates prolactin as a consequence of suppression of the release of gonadotrophin.

scholarly journals LIM Homeobox 9 knockdown by morpholino does not affect zebrafish retinal development

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Guo ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Minxia Lu ◽  
Kangkang Ge ◽  
Lin Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Retinal Development ◽  
Transcription Factor Family ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Zebrafish Embryogenesis ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT LIM homeobox 9 (Lhx9) is a member of the LIM homeodomain transcription factor family, which expresses and functions in various vertebrate tissues, such as the gonads and pineal gland. Previous studies on lhx9 in zebrafish have mainly focused on the brain. However, little is known about the expression pattern of lhx9 during embryogenesis. Here, we detected lhx9 expression in zebrafish embryos using whole-mount in situ hybridization and found lhx9 expressed in heart, pectoral fin, and retina during their development in zebrafish. We then detailed the expression of lhx9 in retinal development. To further investigate the function of Lhx9 in retinogenesis, we performed morpholino (MO) knockdown experiments and found that upon lhx9 knockdown by MO, larvae presented normal eye development, retinal neural development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and responses to light stimulus. We not only elaborated the expression pattern of lhx9 in zebrafish embryogenesis, but we also demonstrated that lhx9 knockdown by morpholino does not affect the zebrafish retinal development, and our study provides data for further understanding of the role of Lhx9 in zebrafish retinal development.

The Role of Mitochondria in the Genesis of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in the Brains of Aging Mice

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
J.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽  
Nucleus Gracilis ◽  
Dystrophic Axons ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nucleus Cuneatus

Although neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) has been examined by light and electron microscopy for years, the nature of the components in the dystrophic axons is not well understood. The present report examines nucleus gracilis and cuneatus (the dorsal column nuclei) in the brain stem of aging mice.Mice (C57BL/6J) were sacrificed by aldehyde perfusion at ages ranging from 3 months to 23 months. Several brain areas and parts of other organs were processed for electron microscopy.At 3 months of age, very little evidence of NAD can be discerned by light microscopy. At the EM level, a few axons are found to contain dystrophic material. By 23 months of age, the entire nucleus gracilis is filled with dystrophic axons. Much less NAD is seen in nucleus cuneatus by comparison. The most recurrent pattern of NAD is an enlarged profile, in the center of which is a mass of reticulated material (reticulated portion; or RP).

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