scholarly journals THE ALLELOPATHICITY OF RED SPRANGLETOP (Leptochloa chinensis L.) AGAINST GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sikander Hayyat ◽  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Seedling Length

Red sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis L.) is a problematic weed of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) that greatly reduces in yield. The laboratory studies were undertaken to confirm allelopathicity of its plant leachates and soil-decomposition plant residues towards emergence and seedling growth of rice. In first experiment, aqueous extracts from various plant parts of red sprangletop (stem, root, leaves, flower and entire plant) at their 5% (w/v) concentration were applied to germinating rice seeds. In second experiment, soil-decomposed red sprangletop plant residues of variable concentrations (2, 4 and 6% w/w) were used as germination media for rice. Among plant parts, red sprangletop leaves showed maximum allelopathic effect by fully inhibiting the germination of rice while its stem could be positioned at second situation as it caused 60, 73, 84.13 and 86 % reductions in germination percentage, germination index, seedling length and seedling dry biomass of rice as compared with control, respectively. This treatment also resulted in maximum delays in mean germination time (up to 4.80 days) and days taken to 50% germination (up to 4.40 days) of rice. The highest concentrated (6%) soil-decomposed plant residue of red sprangletop significantly diminished the germination percentage, germination index, seedling length and seedling vigor index that were 35.13, 23.26 and 41.61% lower than control. It very well may be presumed that liquid concentrates of leave and stem soil-decomposed plant residues of 6% concentration had different kind of allelochemicals that inhibited the germination, seedling growth and development of rice.

Effect of heavy metal stress on emerging plants community constructions in wetland

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2459-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Peng ◽  
Wu Geng ◽  
Wu Yong-quan ◽  
Li Mao-teng ◽  
Xiang Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem ◽  
Ecological Thresholds ◽  
Hongze Lake ◽  
Seedling Length

In this paper, we report the effects of heavy metals (HMs) (cadmium and mercury) on seed germination and seedling growth of Phragmites australis and Triarrhena sacchariflora, which are the two main typical emerging plants in Hongze Lake wetland. The results showed that there was a reduction in germination percentage, germination index and seedling length as HM concentration in the growing media increased for both treatments. The effect of HMs toxicity on seed germination and seedling growth of T. sacchariflora was more obvious than of P. australis. At the stage of seed germination, P. australis and T. sacchariflora were sensitive to Hg2 +  and Cd2 + , respectively, and Hg2 +  was more toxic than Cd2 +  at the stage of seedling growth. The effect of HMs toxicity is not invariable during plant growth. Compared to the stage of seedling growth, P. australis and T. sacchariflora are more susceptible to HMs at the stage of seed germination. In addition, we calculated the ecological thresholds of P. australis to Cd and Hg are 19.32 and 1.08 mg kg−1, and that of T. sacchariflora to Cd is 4.62 mg kg−1 based on the lab simulation. The results also indicated that the species of P. australis is more tolerant than T. sacchariflora to the HMs and is a better candidate for restoration in Hongze Lake wetland ecosystem.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. on rice (Oryza sativa L.) germination and seedling growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 1450-1455
Author(s):  
Ramida Krumsri ◽  
Hisashi Kato Noguchi ◽  
Thanatsan Poonpaiboonpipat
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Equal Concentration

The allelopathic effect of Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn., a broadleaf paddy weed that hinders rice production in Thailand, was investigated. Different parts of S. zeylanica were used to determine their inhibitory effect on seed germination, and shoot and root length of rice in a laboratory. Aqueous extracts of leaves and stems had an inhibitory effect on rice germination and seedling growth more than 50% that of control at concentrations higher than 50 g L-1, whereas all concentrations of root extracts had no effect on rice seeds. At the concentration of 100 g L-1, leaf and stem extracts completely (100%) inhibited rice seed germination. The inhibitory effect was increased with increasing concentrations. Additionally, leaf extracts contained higher total phenolics (7.36 mg GE g-1 DW) and total flavonoids (254.19 µg QE g-1 DW) than extracts of other parts. In glasshouse conditions, soil incorporation with dried whole plant residue had a significant inhibitory effect on rice emergence, seedling height, and dry weight when compared with extracted residue at an equal concentration. The decomposition of S. zeylanica in the soil was also evaluated regarding rice seedling growth. The maximum inhibition was achieved 1-3 days after the application of plant residues. At the 30th day, the inhibition disappeared, suggesting that residue decomposition in the soil has been finished. These results support that S. zeylanica has an allelopathic effect on paddy fields, which may cause a reduction in rice growth and yield.

scholarly journals The Use of Germination Indices for Salinity Tolerance Classification of Pepper Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Gamze Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Germination Indices

The study aimed to evaluate the use of germination indices as a screening tool for salinity tolerance during germination and early seedling growth of pepper cultivars, and to distinguish the potential for genetic responses to salt tolerance. In the study, the seeds of seven pepper cultivars were germinated at increasing NaCl levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS/m and distilled water as the control treatment for 14 days. Germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination stress tolerance index (GSTI), seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI) were investigated. Results showed that germination percentage decreased with increasing NaCl levels while the highest germination percentage at 20 dS/m was 92% in BT Burdem with no significant reduction. Seedling growth of pepper cultivars was severely inhibited by increasing salinity stress. SFW was depressed depending on reduction in SL due to increasing NaCl. BT-Burli and BT İnce Sivri were the most tolerant cultivars to NaCl and they were used for genetic resources towards salinity. Seedling growth was much more sensitive to salinity than germination because of the highest percent reduction in seedling growth parameters. Among the parameters, GSTI gave the highest significant correlation coefficient with SL and SFW; indicating that it would be useful for estimating seedling growth. It was concluded that genotypic variation was observed among pepper cultivars for salinity tolerance and GSTI could be used for a predictor for salinity tolerance.

A, The ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS ON GERMINATION AND INITIAL SEEDLING GROWTH OF ORYZA PUNCTATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ather Nadeem ◽  
Sadia Afzal ◽  
Muhammad Azim Khan ◽  
Hafiz Haider Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Oryza Punctata

ABSTRACT Chemical weed control method creates environmental hazards and residual effects in crops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in sustainable production system. Aqueous extract of crop is an important technique to control weed and also environment friendly and cheap. To investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extract of winter crop Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) on summer weed Oryza punctata (red rice) seed germination and initial seedling growth, a study was planned in Weed Science Laboratory. In this study, seeds of C. tinctorius were incubated in seven concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) of different parts i.e. leaves, stem, flower of C. tinctorius. All the tested concentrations of various plant parts of C. tinctorius significantly inhibited the mean emergence time, germination index, germination percentage (%), time taken to 50% germination as well as growth of O. punctata weed. However, maximum mean emergence time (4.73 days), time taken to 50% germination (4.19 days) was noted at 8% concentration and germination index of O. punctata was noted at 0.25% concentration when flower extract was applied. Leaf aqueous extract at the concentration 8% caused the lowest root length (1.53 cm), shoot length (4.51 cm) and fresh weight (54.72 g) of O. punctata. Results suggested leaf and flower extract of C. tinctorius at concentration (8%) can be used potential bio-herbicide for the control of red rice. Key words: Allelopathy, seedling growth, inhibitory, weed growth, plant parts, promotor

Effect of Seed Treatment on Germination of Wild Safflower

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah Bassiri ◽  
Iraj Rouhani
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Moist Sand ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Viability Level ◽  
Wild Safflower

Seeds of wild safflower (Carthamus oxyacanthaBieb.) collected from the Bajgah area, Iran, in 2 successive years were subjected to stratification and scarification treatments and their germination percentage and subsequent seedling growth (length) were measured at room temperature (23 ± 2 C). Maximum germination and seedling length occurred in the seeds stratified in moist sand at 4 C for 2 weeks. The response of the freshly-harvested seed to scarification was linear while that for 1-yr-old seed was quadratic. Both scarification and stratification independently increased germination but germination never reached the viability level of the seed.

Allelopathic Effects of Lantana (Lantana camara) on Milkweedvine (Morrenia odorata)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagi Reddy Achhireddy ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Germination And Growth

Allelopathic effects of lantana (Lantana camaraL. ♯3LANCA) residues (root, shoot), foliar leachates, and the soil (where lantana was grown) on milkweedvine (Morrenia odorataLindl. ♯3MONOD) seed germination and growth over a 30-day period were examined. Foliar leachates or the soil collected from the field where lantana had been growing had no effect on the final germination percentage or the seedling growth of milkweedvine. Incorporation of dried lantana shoot or root material into soil had no effect on the final percentage germination but caused significant reductions in milkweedvine growth over a 30-day test period. Roots were more inhibitory than shoots. Fifty percent of milkweedvine seedlings died within 15 days after germination at 1% (w/w) dried lantana root incorporation into the soil, and higher concentrations increased seedling death. Lantana roots incorporated into the soil produced foliar symptoms such as wilting and desiccation, whereas lantana shoots incorporated into the soil produced yellowing of the foliage of milkweedvine. Allelopathic activity of lantana residues was still strong even after decomposition of lantana residues for 4 weeks prior to the planting of milkweedvine seeds.

scholarly journals In vitro allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of sugarcane on germination parameters of wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Zahir MUHAMMAD ◽  
Manzoor HUSSAIN ◽  
Habib AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Germination Indices ◽  
Germination Parameters

Allelopathy – interactions among plants for resources along with competition – is a composite phenomenon which has spacious potentials of application in agriculture. Understanding of interactions among plants, particularly cultivated crops, may be helpful in modifying crop cultivation pattern with consequent yields increments. In this study, we investigated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of root, stem peels and leaves of sugarcane (<em>Saccharum officinale</em> L.) cultivar <em>51</em> at concentrations 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g/l on germination indices and seedling biomass of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) cultivar <em>Pirsabak-2005</em>. Results demonstrated that higher concentration (10.0 g/l) of extracts of root, stem peels and leaves significantly decreased mean germination time (MGT) but increased shoot and seminal root growth and seedling dry biomass; however, germination percentage was affected neither by extract concentration nor by plant parts used in the study. Extract concentrations up to 7.5 g/l had no effect on the studied parameters of wheat. Our result suggests that sugarcane’s allelopathy demonstrates healthy effects on wheat growth and that wheat could be cultivated in sequential rotation in field conditions.

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