scholarly journals Pattern of acute poisonings in Azerbaijan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
I. N. Afandiyev
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
National Program ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Frequent Reason

Background: Epidemiologic data on acute chemical poisonings in Azerbaijan Republic is very limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the rate and characteristics of acute chemical poisoning cases in Azerbaijan. Material and methods: This investigation was performed on the data of poisoned patients admitted to the Center of Clinical Toxicology (CCT) of the Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan in Baku city from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2016. Result: There were 6347 admissions due to acute poisoning in CCT intensive care unit (3593 females and 2754 males). Pediatric admissions (<15 age group) were 18.2%. The most frequent reason of hospitalizations was drug poisonings (T36-T50) – 40.9%. The other frequent cases of hospitalizations were inhalation of carbon monoxide (T58) - 21.6%, corrosive substances (T54) – 15.2% and alcohol intoxication (T51) - 5.9%. Hospitalizations of patients with envenomation (T63) - 5.2%, pesticides poisonings (T60) – 4.9%. poisoning by organic solvents (T52) - 4.5% and poisoning by noxious plants and mushrooms (T62) – 1.2% were less frequent. The mortality rate of the overall cohort was 2.7%. Corrosive liquids (especially – concentrated acetic acid) poisonings were the most often fatal. Conclusion: This study provides essential information about characteristic of toxicoepidemiological situation in Azerbaijan and could help to develop national program of prevention of acute chemical poisonings.

scholarly journals Pattern of acute poisonings in Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
I. N. Afandiyev
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
National Program ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Frequent Reason

Background: Epidemiologic data on acute chemical poisonings in Azerbaijan Republic is very limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the rate and characteristics of acute chemical poisoning cases in Azerbaijan. Material and methods: This investigation was performed on the data of poisoned patients admitted to the Center of Clinical Toxicology (CCT) of the Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan in Baku city from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2016. Result: There were 6347 admissions due to acute poisoning in CCT intensive care unit (3593 females and 2754 males). Pediatric admissions (<15 age group) were 18.2%. The most frequent reason of hospitalizations was drug poisonings (T36-T50) – 40.9%. The other frequent cases of hospitalizations were inhalation of carbon monoxide (T58) - 21.6%, corrosive substances (T54) – 15.2% and alcohol intoxication (T51) - 5.9%. Hospitalizations of patients with envenomation (T63) - 5.2%, pesticides poisonings (T60) – 4.9%. poisoning by organic solvents (T52) - 4.5% and poisoning by noxious plants and mushrooms (T62) – 1.2% were less frequent. The mortality rate of the overall cohort was 2.7%. Corrosive liquids (especially – concentrated acetic acid) poisonings were the most often fatal. Conclusion: This study provides essential information about characteristic of toxicoepidemiological situation in Azerbaijan and could help to develop national program of prevention of acute chemical poisonings.

Toxicological Emergencies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra D. W. Buttram ◽  
Anne-Michelle Ruha
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Care ◽  
Calcium Channel Antagonists ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Cardiovascular Medications

This chapter includes essential information about common toxic exposures requiring pediatric intensive care unit care. Specific agents, grouped into categories, are reviewed, including analgesics (acetaminophen and aspirin), opiates, carbon monoxide, cardiovascular medications (calcium channel antagonists and β‎ blockers), tricyclic antidepressants, sulfonylureas, and toxic alcohols. An overview of each agent followed by clinical presentation, and appropriate diagnostic evaluation and management are provided, including alkalinization with administration of sodium bicarbonate, need for hemodialysis, and use of specific antidotes (e.g., naloxone, n-acetyl cysteine, glucagon, fomepizole).

Over 8 years experience on severe acute poisoning requiring intensive care in Hong Kong, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sin-Man Lam ◽  
Arthur Chun-Wing Lau ◽  
Wing-Wa Yan
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressant ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Intensive Care Admission ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
Overall Mortality

In order to obtain up-to-date information on the pattern of severe acute poisoning and the characteristics and outcomes of these patients, 265 consecutive patients admitted to an intensive care unit in Hong Kong for acute poisoning from January 2000 to May 2008 were studied retrospectively. Benzodiazepine (25.3%), alcohol (23%), tricyclic antidepressant (17.4%), and carbon monoxide (15.1%) were the four commonest poisons encountered. Impaired consciousness was common and intubation was required in 67.9% of admissions, with a median duration of mechanical ventilation of less than 1 day. The overall mortality was 3.0%. Among the 257 survivors, the median lengths of stay in the intensive care unit and acute hospital (excluding days spent in psychiatric ward and convalescent hospital) were less than 1 day and 3 days, respectively. Factors associated with a longer length of stay included age of 65 or older, presence of comorbidity, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 25 or greater, and development of shock, rhabdomyolysis, and aspiration pneumonia, while alcohol intoxication was associated with a shorter stay. This is the largest study of its kind in the Chinese population and provided information on the pattern of severe acute poisoning requiring intensive care admission and the outcomes of the patients concerned.

scholarly journals Clinical Spectrum and Severity of Poisoning in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Centre in Uttarakhand: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanober Wasim ◽  
Nitika Agrawal ◽  
Neerul Pandita ◽  
Kunal Das ◽  
Alpa Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Paediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Aluminium Phosphide

Introduction: Acute poisoning causes significant mortality and morbidity among children worldwide. However, the pattern of poisoning and causative substances varies significantly in geo- demographic areas. Aim: To describe admissions due to acute poisoning in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary care centre in terms of demographics, clinical profile, specific agents involved and severity of poisoning. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in PICU of a tertiary care level teaching institute of Uttarakhand, India, over a period of three years on subjects of age group from one month to 18 years. Data was collected and analysed for demography, clinical presentation, substance, management, complications, and outcome. Poison Severity Score (PSS) was used to assess the severity of poisoning. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Results: During the study period, out of total 751 PICU admissions, 45 were due to poisoning. Organophosphates 20 (44%) and aluminium phosphide 12 (26%) were the most common substances used. Accidental poisoning was common 6 (46%) among less than five years of age. However, suicidal attempts were noted more frequently 20 (64%) among >15 years of age group. Vomiting 31 (69%), altered sensorium 23 (51%), and pain abdomen 16 (35%) were the most common presentations. Nine (20%) patients required ventilatory support as well. Three (6.6%) patients died; all associated with aluminium phosphide poisoning. Conclusion: The most common poison consumed is organophosphate. Aluminium phosphide is the most lethal poison, accounting for all the deaths in the study. Accidental poisoning is common in children less than five years of age. Suicidal poisoning is common among adolescents which must be prevented by early detection of stress. Primary health care facility hesitates to intervene even for basic poisoning care before referring.

A structural analysis of acute exotoxicoses in people of elderly and senile age

2017 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Ilyashenko ◽  
A. Yu. Simonova ◽  
M. V. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Frequent Reason ◽  
Research Institute

Based on the analysis of reports of the Department for treatment of acute poisonings at the N.V. Sklifosovskiy Research Institute of Emergency Medicine from 2009 to 2014 and medical records of in-patients hospitalized during that period, the structure of acute poisoning in elderly and senile patients was investigated. The share of patients of the senior age groups averages 12.5% of all patients. The most frequent reason for poisoning is a suicide attempt-71.9%. Psychopharmacological (46.5%) and cardiotropic (13.6%,) medications take the key place in poisonings as well as combined poisonings. The lethality analysis revealed its growth with increase in age of victims. One of the main causes of lethal outcomes is pneumonia.

scholarly journals Coping with COVID-19: The Strategies Adapted by Pakistani Students to Overcome Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Gul Muhammad Baloch ◽  
Kamilah Kamaludin ◽  
Karuthan Chinna ◽  
Sheela Sundarasen ◽  
Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
University Policies ◽  
One Year

COVID-19 has speedily immersed the globe with 72+ million cases and 1.64 million deaths, in a span of around one year, disturbing and deteriorating almost every sphere of life. This study investigates how students in Pakistan have coped with the COVID-19. Zung’s self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) was used for measuring anxiety and the coping strategies were measured on four strategies i.e., seeking social support, humanitarian, acceptance, and mental disengagement. Among 494 respondents, 61% were females and 77.3% of the students were in the age group of 19–25 years. The study findings indicate that approximately 41 percent of students are experiencing some level of anxiety, including 16% with severe to extreme levels. Seeking social support seemed to be the least preferred coping strategy and that female students seek social support, humanitarian, and acceptance coping strategies more than males. Students used both emotion-based and problem-based coping strategies. The variables of gender, age, ethnicity, level and type of study, and living arrangement of the students were associated with usage of coping strategies. Findings showing that students do not prefer to seek social support. The study outcomes will provide basic data for university policies in Pakistan and the other countries with same cultural contexts to design and place better mental health provisions for students.

scholarly journals One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Galicia: A Global View of Age-Group Statistics during Three Waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5104
Author(s):  
Iván Area ◽  
Henrique Lorenzo ◽  
Pedro J. Marcos ◽  
Juan J. Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global View ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
One Year

In this work we look at the past in order to analyze four key variables after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Galicia (NW Spain): new infected, hospital admissions, intensive care unit admissions and deceased. The analysis is presented by age group, comparing at each stage the percentage of the corresponding group with its representation in the society. The time period analyzed covers 1 March 2020 to 1 April 2021, and includes the influence of the B.1.1.7 lineage of COVID-19 which in April 2021 was behind 90% of new cases in Galicia. It is numerically shown how the pandemic affects the age groups 80+, 70+ and 60+, and therefore we give information about how the vaccination process could be scheduled and hints at why the pandemic had different effects in different territories.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Acute Poisoning in Children at a Teaching Hospital in Lalitpur

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaya Kumar Dhakal ◽  
D Shrestha ◽  
A Shakya ◽  
SC Shah ◽  
H Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Introduction: Acute poisonings are one of the common cause of emergency visits and hospital admissions and is potentially preventable cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. The objectives of this study were to identify the common type of poisoning in children, to determine types of poisoning according to age and to find out the common age group in which the incidence of poisoning was high.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive observational study done in a teaching hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal in patients aged 1 month to 18 years who visited the emergency department and were admitted to hospital with history of alleged poisoning from 2009 July to 2014 January.Results: Fifty patients were included. Drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common cause of poisoning. Drugs and kerosene below 10 years of age and organophosphorus and drugs above 10 years of age were common types of poisoning. Maximum numbers (50%) of children with poisoning cases were below five year of age. Mean duration of hospital stay was 2.1days and mean age of poisoning was 7.8 years with a male(54%) predominance. Majority of poisoning occurred at home (84%) and 68% of patients were symptomatic at presentation to hospital with 84% of patients presenting to hospital within six hours.Conclusion: This study showed that drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common forms of poisoning. Young children were most vulnerable for acute poisoning.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10139J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):100-103 

scholarly journals Comparison of three fixation methods for orotracheal intubation in 95 adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Sun ◽  
Hua Fan ◽  
Xiao-Xia Song ◽  
Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Older People ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fixation Methods ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background The present study aimed to compare three fixation methods for orotracheal intubation. Methods Through literature retrieval, the effects of the adhesive/twill tape method, fixator method, and adhesive/twill tape–fixator alternation method on patients with tracheal intubation in the intensive care unit (ICU) were compared. Results The fixator and alternation methods were more effective in protecting the tongue mucosa and teeth. The alternation method was superior to the other two methods in maintaining the position of the endotracheal intubation. However, the difference in facial and lip injuries between the three methods was not statistically significant. Conclusion The fixator method can significantly reduce intraoral injury and is more suitable for older people with weak tongue mucosa and loose teeth. These are worth popularizing among a wider group.

scholarly journals Synthesis of spiro[dihydropyridine-oxindoles] via three-component reaction of arylamine, isatin and cyclopentane-1,3-dione

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Sun ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Chao-Guo Yan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Three Component Reaction ◽  
High Yields

A fast and convenient protocol for the synthesis of novel spiro[dihydropyridine-oxindole] derivatives in satisfactory yields was developed by the three-component reactions of arylamine, isatin and cyclopentane-1,3-dione in acetic acid at room temperature. On the other hand the condensation of isatin with two equivalents of cyclopentane-1,3-dione gave 3,3-bis(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-cyclopent-1-enyl)oxindole in high yields. The reaction mechanism and substrate scope of this novel reaction is briefly discussed.

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