scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Asphalt Approach for the Development of Sustainable Roads

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Soleen Jaber Ahmad Al-Hasan ◽  
R. Balamuralikrishnan ◽  
Motasem Altarawneh
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Recycled Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Coarse Aggregates

Currently, various types of recyclable materials are used in civil engineering applications. One of the future challenges in the civil engineering field facing sustainability and the bulk utilization of waste materials without affecting the performance of the product related to the civil engineering field. Presence of bulk amounts of disposed and demolished materials including aggregates and undecomposed recycled polymers can be recycled. The main aim of reducing environmental impact and also reduction in the cost. Present research focusing on recycled polymers as partial replacement of bitumen in addition to recycled coarse aggregate in different percentages are investigated for its feasibility used in road construction. To achieve the objectives of the current research, 6 batches of bituminous samples were prepared and each case considered three samples for repeatability. The first batch is considered as a control sample without adding Recycled Coarse Aggregates (RCA) and recycled polymer. The second batch consists of 15% partial replacement of bitumen using polymer without recycled aggregate. Remaining batches 3 to 6 were 15% partial replacement of bitumen with polymer and partial replacement of coarse aggregates using recycled coarse aggregate say 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Each batch was tested by reliable and standard tests in order to determine the most efficient mix (batch). The testing methods followed in this investigation are sieve analysis test, impact test, Los Angeles test, penetration test and marshal test. The results of sieve analysis test showed that the fineness modulus value for RCA equals to 4% with uniform graded graph. The specific gravity test results showed that RCA specific gravity is 2.61 which indicates that RCA is considered as coarse grained soils. Moreover, the Impact test for RCA equals 9.3%. In addition, the result for Los Angeles for RCA value is 19.07% and comparing it with the standard and it should be less than 30% is suitable for road construction. Furthermore, penetration test results of 15% partial replacement of bitumen using polymer showed that the average value equals 58 mm compared to 63.7 mm for bitumen without polymer. Finally, the result obtained from the Marshall Stability test showed that batch 5 partial replacement of bitumen 15% using polymer and the partially replaced normal coarse aggregate 75% with RCA gives better results in all aspects. A fruitful conclusion from this study is to follow the approach of utilization of recycled coarse aggregate along with recycled polymers in road construction. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2020-01-03-01 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Made With Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by Recycled Aggregate

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2301-2304 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Recycled Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Coarse Aggregates

Construction is the one the fast growing field in the worldwide. There are many environmental issues connected with the manufacture of OPC, at the same time availability of natural coarse aggregate is getting reduced. Geopolymer binder and recycled aggregates are promising alternatives for OPC and natural coarse aggregates. It is produced by the chemical action of inorganic molecules and made up of Fly Ash, GGBS, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. 10 M sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate alkali activators are used to synthesis the geopolymer in this study. Recycled aggregates are obtained from the construction demolished waste. The main focus of this work is to find out the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete of grade G40 when natural coarse aggregate(NCA) is replaced by recycled coarse aggregate in various proportions such as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%,40% and 50% and also to compare the results of geopolymer concrete made with recycled coarse aggregates(RAGPC) with geopolymer concrete of natural coarse aggregate(GPC) and controlled concrete manufactured with recycled aggregates(RAC) and controlled concrete of natural coarse aggregates(CC) of respective grade. It has been observed that the mechanical properties are enhanced in geopolymer concrete, both in natural coarse aggregate and recycled coarse aggregate up to 30% replacement when it is compared with the same grade of controlled concrete.

scholarly journals Sulphate attack Resistance of Geo-polymer Concrete made with Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by Recycled Coarse Aggregate

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Sulphate Attack ◽  
Recycled Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Time Period

The primary intent of this paper is to study replacement of coarse aggregate with RCA of M40 grade concrete in different proportions such as 0%,10%, 20%, 30% and 40% and also to collate the results of geo-polymer concrete made with recycled coarse aggregates(GPCRCA) with geo-polymer concrete of natural coarse aggregate(GPCNA) and controlled concrete of respective grade. Geo-polymer concrete (GPC) is observed to be more resistant towards sulphate attack, with both in (CA) and (RCA) to a replacement of 30%, when it is compared with the similar grade of controlled concrete(CC). The durability of the concrete cubes are analyzed by immersing in 5% concentration solutions for a time period of 15, 45,75 and 105 days, The change of weight and compressive strength towards resistance is evaluated . Results stipulated that Geo-polymer concrete is highly resistant to Sodium sulphate and Magnesium sulphate.

scholarly journals Effect of Recycled Coarse Aggregate and Bagasse Ash on Two-Stage Concrete

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faisal Javed ◽  
Afaq Ahmad Durrani ◽  
Sardar Kashif Ur Rehman ◽  
Fahid Aslam ◽  
Hisham Alabduljabbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Strength Reduction ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Recycled Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Coarse Aggregates

Numerous research studies have been conducted to improve the weak properties of recycled aggregate as a construction material over the last few decades. In two-stage concrete (TSC), coarse aggregates are placed in formwork, and then grout is injected with high pressure to fill up the voids between the coarse aggregates. In this experimental research, TSC was made with 100% recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). Ten percent and twenty percent bagasse ash was used as a fractional substitution of cement along with the RCA. Conventional concrete with 100% natural coarse aggregate (NCA) and 100% RCA was made to determine compressive strength only. Compressive strength reduction in the TSC was 14.36% when 100% RCA was used. Tensile strength in the TSC decreased when 100% RCA was used. The increase in compressive strength was 8.47% when 20% bagasse ash was used compared to the TSC mix that had 100% RCA. The compressive strength of the TSC at 250 °C was also determined to find the reduction in strength at high temperature. Moreover, the compressive and tensile strength of the TSC that had RCA was improved by the addition of bagasse ash.

scholarly journals The effect of coarse aggregate hardness on the fracture toughness and compressive strength of concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Atur P. N. Siregar ◽  
Emma L. Pasaribu ◽  
I Wayan Suarnita
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Beam Size ◽  
Intensity Factors ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Los Angeles Abrasion ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

Coarse aggregate is the dominant constituent in concrete. Aggregate hardness is a variable needed to investigate in determining its effect on the critical stress intensity factors (KIC), dissipated fracture energy (Gf) and compressive strength (fc’) of the concrete. The hardness of coarse aggregate based on Los Angeles abrasion values of 16.7%., 22.6%, and 23.1% was used incorporated with Portland Composite Cement (PCC), and superplasticizer to create specimens. Cubes of 150x150x150 mm were employed to determine the fc’, and four beam sizes: 50x100x350 mm, 50x150x500 mm, 50x300x950 mm and 50x450x1250 mm were engaged to determine KIC and Gf. The fc’ and Gf of specimens manufactured by three different hardness of coarse aggregates were 45, 43, 40 MPa and 89.4, 54.0, 56.3 N/m respectively. KIC of specimens was 138.9, 119.4 and 114.1 MPa.mm1/2 for beam size of 50x100x350 mm; 148.2, 115.8 and 108.8 MPa.mm1/2 for beam size of 50x150x500 mm; 230.9, 183.1 and 157.9 MPa.mm1/2 for beam size of 50x300x950 mm; and 293.2, 248.1 and 244.3 MPa.mm1/2 for beam size of 50x450x1250 mm. Experimental results showed that decreasing hardness of coarse aggregate was found to have significant effect on the fracture toughness rather than on the compressive strength of concrete.

Micro-Deval Testing of Aggregates in the Southeast

2003 ◽  
Vol 1837 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Allen Cooley ◽  
Robert S. James
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Performance Category ◽  
Los Angeles Abrasion ◽  
National Cooperative ◽  
Highway Research

Aggregate used in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) must be tough and durable, not only to withstand the effects of HMA production, transportation, and construction but also to resist the effects of traffic and the environment. Historically, the Los Angeles abrasion and impact test has determined the toughness of aggregates. The long-term durability characteristics of aggregates are generally determined using a soundness test: sodium or magnesium sulfate. During the National Cooperative Highway Research Program’s Project 4–19, the micro-Deval test, in conjunction with the magnesium sulfate soundness test, were recommended in lieu of the Los Angeles abrasion and impact test and other soundness tests. Therefore, a study was needed within the southeastern United States to evaluate the range in micro-Deval results that could be expected. This research characterized the toughness and durability of aggregates with respect to their micro-Deval test results. Seventy-two aggregate sources from eight different states were included in this research. These aggregates were rated as good, fair, or poor with respect to performance by the contributing state. On the basis of the results of this study, some large differences were found in micro-Deval test results within a given performance category. There was no relationship between Los Angeles abrasion and impact and micro-Deval test results.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Coarse Aggregate Sizes on Concrete Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Echefulechukwu Obi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Appreciable Increase ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Concrete Quality

This work was necessitated by the observations made at construction sites where artisans and craftsmen were left alone in concrete production. It was discovered that they used inadequate quantity and size of coarse aggregates due to difficulty associated in the mixing as if the coarse aggregates were not needed in concrete production. The research has established that the coarse aggregates and their sizes play critical roles in the development of adequate strength in concrete. It was observed that with proper mixing, the slump test results did not witness shear or collapse type of slump rather there were true slump in all cases of the test. The workability decreased with slight differences when the coarse aggregate size was increased. The increase in the coarse aggregates yielded appreciable increase in the compressive strength. It can therefore be inferred that the quality of concrete in terms of strength can be enhanced through an increase in the coarse aggregate size when proper mix ratio, batching, mixing, transporting, placing and finishings are employed in concrete productions.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF BASALT AND GRANITE AS COARSE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE MIXTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S.E Ubi ◽  
P.O Nkra ◽  
R.B Agbor ◽  
D.E Ewa ◽  
M. Nuchal
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Structural Tests ◽  
Comparative Results

This present research was on the comparison of the efficacious use of basalt and granite as coarse aggregates in concrete work. In order to obtain the basis for comparison, physical and structural tests were conducted on the different materials of the concrete and the concrete samples respectively. Physical test results revealed that basalt have a specific gravity of 2.8 and 2.5, while granite have a specific gravity of 2.9 and 2.6. In density, basalt have a density of 1554.55kg/m3 while granite had a density of 1463.64kg/m3. Aggregate impact test conducted on both aggregates revealed a percentage of 11.05% for basalt and 12.63% for granite. The following structural tests were carried out: compressive strength tests, flexural and tensile strength test and the comparative results are as follows. Compressive strength for basalt 36.39N/mm2 while 37.16N/mm2 for granite. 24.81N/mm2 tensile strength for basalt while 12.57N/mm2 for granite, 31.83N/mm2 flexural strength for basalt while 27.97N/mm2 for granite. From the above results, it can be deduced that basalt has higher strength properties than granite. Therefore, more suitable for coarse aggregate in achieving higher strength with some quantity of other composition of the concrete mix when compared to granite.

scholarly journals Strength and abrasion performance of recycled aggregate based geopolymer concrete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asfaw Mekonnen LAKEW ◽  
Mukhallad M. AL-MASHHADANI ◽  
Orhan CANPOLAT
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Recycled Coarse Aggregate ◽  
One Year

This experimental work evaluated geopolymer concrete containing fly ash and slag by partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) to manufacture environmental-friendly concrete. The proportion of recycled aggregates considered consists of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the total coarse aggregate amount. Also, a steel fiber ratio of 0.3% was utilized. The mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of fly ash/slag-based geopolymer concrete were then assessed. Majorly, the mechanical strength of the concrete samples decreased by the increase of RCA content. The geopolymer concrete with 40% RCA gave 28.3% lesser compressive strength and 24% lower splitting tensile strength than NCA concrete at one year. Also, the flexural strength of concrete specimens was reduced by 35% (from 5.34MPa to 3.5MPa) with the incorporation of 40% RCA. The incorporation of 30% RCA caused 23% and 22.6% reduction in compressive strength at 56 days and one year, respectively. The flexural and splitting tensile strength of the specimens was not significantly reduced (less than 10%) with the inclusion of a recycled coarse aggregate ratio of up to 30%. Furthermore, the abrasion wear thickness of every concrete sample was less than 1mm. RCA inclusion of 20% produced either insignificant reduction or better strength results compared to reference mixtures. As a result, it was considered that the combination of 0.3% steel fiber and 20% recycled coarse aggregate in fly ash/slag-based geopolymer concrete leads to an eco-friendly concrete mix with acceptable short and long-term engineering properties that would lead to sustainability in concrete production and utilization sector.

scholarly journals Strength of Concrete containing Rubber as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2061-2063
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Rubberized Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Rubber Concrete ◽  
Rubber Aggregates

Effective Waste management is the need of the hour in the world. Solid wastes generated by the industries becomes hazardous as days passes by, used tyres are one such waste material that can affect our environment and people. Rubber tyre wastes can be used as partial replacement for the aggregates. In this study, rubber tyre wastes were used as coarse aggregates. And those rubber aggregates are used as partial replacement of coarse aggregates in the cement concrete (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). The specimens were subjected to different strength tests as per the standards. It is found that the strength of the concrete is greatly reduced as the percentage of replacement of rubber aggregates is increased. Due to their low strength this type concrete cannot be used for load bearing or structural members. However rubberized concrete can be used for non –structural elements and in future a study can be made whether rubber concrete can be used for pavement blocks.

scholarly journals Quality Improvement of Recycled Aggregate Concrete using Six Sigma DMAIC Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1409-1419
Author(s):  
Suhas Vijay Patil ◽  
Balakrishna Rao K. ◽  
Gopinatha Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Recycled Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Mix

Recycled aggregates (RA) are obtained from construction and demolished waste, laboratory crushed concrete and concrete waste at RMC plants. The concrete made from recycled aggregate is known as recycled aggregate concrete. The use of recycled aggregate is very beneficial to the environment in civil works. Its usage also helps in financial saving as the cost of transportation and production energy cost of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) is reduced. In India, the recycled aggregate application in lower grade concrete work is observed. However, the effect of recycled aggregate on the strength and durability of concrete restricts its use in higher-grade work. This paper presents a series of tests carried out on recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RCAC) and test results are compared with the NCA and parent concrete made from NCA. Tests were carried out as per IS code and concrete was prepared using a two-stage mixing approach in the concrete mix design. M30 concrete mix of four RCAC samples was tested at 28 days of curing and in comparison with parent concrete, it is found that on an average compressive strength is decreased by 12.89% at 28 days curing. Adhered mortar increases the porosity of the recycled aggregate and forms a weak zone between aggregate surface and mortar. In addition, test results showed the defects in recycled aggregate and helped to identify the area where concentration is necessary to improve the quality of recycled aggregate using six sigma DMAIC methodology. Total of 12 defects were found in the process and raw material. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the performance of all the mix made with RCA.

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