scholarly journals Sources for Studying of the Local Government in Siberia in the 18th - Early 20th Century: Historical and Source Studies Themes

2020 ◽  
pp. 355-367
Author(s):  
Igor A. Konovalov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Methods

Increased interest in the local government history is associated not just with the necessity to peer into the past, but also with purely practical needs. While returning to forgotten traditions, it is important to take into account the heritage of centuries. Today, we need to take a fresh look at well-known facts, to cast away old delusions and myths, and to prevent the emergence of new ones. Theoretical basis of the paper is such methods as historicism, objectivity, alternativeness; they allow an unbiased approach to the analysis of the problems and a critical attitude towards the sources. The methodology includes the use of means and methods of local, systemic, problem-chronological, and comparative historical methods, as well as the development of a “new imperial history.” The paper systematizes sources on formation and development of the local government in Siberia in the Imperial period. The following groups of sources are highlighted: regulatory and legal acts; documents of management and record keeping; statistical materials; periodicals; sources of personal provenance. There is regional specificity in the content and structure of sources. The sources characterize the history of local government in Siberia in the 18th - early 20th century, wherein personal, socio-political, and departmental conflicts played an important role. The article attempts to show the role and place of the general police in the local government of pre-revolutionary Siberia and to analyze the main sources on the subject. It focuses on structure, nature, organizational and legal problem of the local government in Siberia in the 18th - early 20th century.

scholarly journals Local Government in Siberia in the 18th – Early 20th Century (Source Studies and Specific Historical Aspects)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3 (27)) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Anatoly P. Tolochko ◽  
Igor A. Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The paper systematizes sources on the problem of formation and development of the local government in Siberia of the imperial period. The following groups of sources are highlighted: regulatory and legal acts; office materials; statistical materials; periodicals; sources of personal origin. The regional specificity in the content and structure of sources on the studied topic is presented. Taken together, the above sources allow characterizing the history of local government in Siberia in the 18th - early 20th century. The paper allows to present the problem of one of the important aspects of the Siberian history of the pre-revolutionary period in the interaction of sociopolitical, personal and departmental conflicts.

scholarly journals Did the ancient Egyptians migrate to ancient Nigeria?

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock M. Agai
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
West African ◽  
Samuel Johnson ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
African History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Literatures concerning the history of West African peoples published from 1900 to 1970 debate�the possible migrations of the Egyptians into West Africa. Writers like Samuel Johnson and�Lucas Olumide believe that the ancient Egyptians penetrated through ancient Nigeria but Leo�Frobenius and Geoffrey Parrinder frowned at this opinion. Using the works of these early�20th century writers of West African history together with a Yoruba legend which teaches�about the origin of their earliest ancestor(s), this researcher investigates the theories that the�ancient Egyptians had contact with the ancient Nigerians and particularly with the Yorubas.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: There is an existing ideology�amongst the Yorubas and other writers of Yoruba history that the original ancestors of�the Yorubas originated in ancient Egypt hence there was migration between Egypt and�Yorubaland. This researcher contends that even if there was migration between Egypt and�Nigeria, such migration did not take place during the predynastic and dynastic period as�speculated by some scholars. The subject is open for further research.

scholarly journals Local Government in Siberia in the 18th-Early 20th Century

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1231-1238
Author(s):  
Igor A. Konovalov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Imperial Period

The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by its insufficient study in the national historical science. Based on pre-revolutionary legislation, archival materials, and pre-revolutionary periodicals, the article examines the peculiarities of local government in Siberia during the imperial period. The research is grounded on the principles of historicism and objectivity and reveals the peculiarities of local government in Siberia in the 18th – early 20th centuries. The author comes to the conclusion that administration in Siberia was characterized by an almost complete absence of self-governing principles. Therefore, the powers of administrative and police bodies on the Siberian outskirts of the country had their own specifics and were broader than in the European provinces of Russia, along the almost absolute subordination of local self-government bodies to the police institutions of the regions, which was also specific for Siberia during the imperial period. Unable to resist additional challenges, the system of regional administration, which ensured public order in the Siberian region in the 18th – 19th centuries, was rapidly destroyed during the revolutionary events of February 1917

scholarly journals Mamki – najemne karmicielki w świetle literatury poradnikowej z drugiej połowy XIX i początku XX wieku

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-111
Author(s):  
Monika Nawrot-Borowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Small Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Wet nurses, i.e. hired breast-feeders of babies, were the subject matter of this research. It aims to systematize the advice that was formulated on the pages of “how-to” books regarding the search for, recruitment, and treatment of wet nurses in the homes of one’s charges. The specific duties of wet nurses that were especially expected of them are determined, as well as the errors most frequently committed in their performance, which the authors of how-to books described at length, in order to warn mothers against the incompetence of paid breast-feeders. A comparison of the views of authors of “how-to” books over nearly 70 years will allow us to determine a possible evolution of views regarding wet nursing. The “how-to” books on health, hygiene, and education from the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century (the period approximately from 1850-1918), published in Polish areas and addressed mainly at families, especially mothers, form the source material for the research. The use of this type of literature will allow us to reconstruct the promulgated image of wet nursing without broader reference to providing help for them, which is worth confronting with the “how-to”  recommendations, attempting to determine whether, and to what extent, they were reflected in everyday life (e.g. using epistolary or archival sources, and memoirs). Nevertheless, the authors of “how-to” books also referred to the practice of tending infants and young children, criticizing inappropriate behaviour of wet nurses, while the recommendations formulated by them were to remedy inappropriate behaviour occurring in reality. The issue of wet nursing has not hitherto been analysed in detail in Polish historiography. In recent years, though, a few texts or papers in which one can find more or less extensive information (the less extensive ones predominate) related to breastfeeding by wet nurses in the Polish areas in the Middle Ages, the period of Old Poland, or the partition period, have been published. Thus, it seems even more reasonable to explore this issue, which will help to fill a gap in the development of the history of breastfeeding, nursing, and tending infants and small children.

scholarly journals Blending: A brief history of misconception

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Streltsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Word Play ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level

The article considers the main aspects of word-fusion, which is a means of word-building that has become popular in the last few decades. As a result, many scientific papers appeared whose authors are quite often not familiar with each other’s findings. That is why we aimed to highlight the major challenging aspects as well as little-known aspects of word-fusion and to present the main results obtained by researchers. We have shown that word-fusion has been in use at least since the 16th century, and not only in the English language. Now words derived according to the pattern are found in many languages of Continental Europe (German, French, Italian, etc.) and presumably existed in some languages, that are now extinct. There is a considerable number of literature on the subject that first appeared in the early 20th century, whereas in this country it happened half a century later. However, there were no less than ten theses, defended by Soviet and Russian linguists indicating a relatively high level of scrutiny. Nowadays, practically everyone recognizes the fact, that word-fusion is a separate productive word-building means used not only for word-play but also for term-building, and nomination of new objects and phenomena, mostly hybrid ones. As far as there is still no universally accepted term for the word-formation means in question, we propose “blending” which is mostly used by foreign and many Russian scholars, or “word-fusion” which is brief and semantically transparent.

scholarly journals Variability of the Russian educational axiosphere of the early 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 01048
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Khvataeva ◽  
Marina A. Zakharishcheva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Being the subject of interest of many scientists, the evolution of education is considered as a process, as a set of values that are reflected in the works of educators of each era. In this case, the object of the study is the first half of the 20th century, as the most controversial era in terms of values, represented by a wide range of pedagogical ideas and trends. The article analyzes various texts of educators of the early 20th century to form a holistic view concerning the axiological field of education at that time. The applied methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, abstraction, classification, and modeling, as well as the historical and structural method were dictated by the purpose of the study. The conducted work has resulted in the clarification of the concept of the axiosphere, its components and objective laws, the description of the educational axiosphere of the declared era through the analysis and synergy of values and meanings of educators of that time. The reliability of the result is ensured by the reference to the author’s text of the studied educators, which allowed formulating their values in their own language, so to speak in the first person. The attempt to present the value dominants of different educational figures of the same time as components of a single axiosphere is a fundamentally new approach, since traditionally in the history of education, it is customary to oppose the author’s pedagogical concepts and consider them as autonomous, sometimes contradictory systems.

scholarly journals Studying the History of Political and Legal Doctrines in Russian Jurisprudence in the 19th — Early 20th Century: Traditions, Directions, and Stages

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
A. V. Kornev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper attempts to reflect the origin of a specific branch of scientific knowledge — the history of political and legal doctrines. The subject field of this science and discipline includes many problems, the main of which, no doubt, is the understanding of the phenomenon of law and the state, which are closely related to other institutions. Nevertheless, it is the state and law that ultimately determine their character. This is a kind of tradition laid down by Western legal science that was strongly influenced by pre-revolutionary jurisprudence. Russian lawyers, many of whom continued their studies at Western universities as part of the "preparation for professorship" procedure, mostly followed the approaches developed there. This concerned both ontological and epistemological aspects.The author shows the difference between political and legal doctrines of the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the century. The 1860s reforms served as a kind of impetus for their development. In addition, in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century pre-revolutionary legal science moved to a new, fundamentally different scientific level of studying political and legal institutions.There is another significant point. The problem is that, in fact, the historiography of this discipline and science has remained outside the framework of the history of political and legal doctrines. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap to some extent.The author notes that the relevance of the history of political and legal doctrines arises during a period of intense political life, when stable social groups (strata, classes) with different political, social and legal ideals are formed. This situation developed in Russia in the early 20th century.

scholarly journals The history of the transformation of women of Naddnipryansk Ukraine from an object into a subject of the political process: from idea to practical implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (28-29) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Valeria Motuz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The article substantiates the theoretical and practical foundations of the development of the women’s movement in Naddnipryan Ukraine in the conditions of active politicization of society in the late 19th – early 20th century. When the object of the study is the increase by women from Naddnipryanskaya Ukraine of their social status in society, and the subject is their transformation from an object into a subject of political activity. This process is revealed from the standpoint of the influence of the politicization of Ukrainian society in the late 19th – early 20th century on the movement of socially active women in Nadnipryansk Ukraine towards achieving the modernization of the system of power and management from the point of view of gender equality and is presented as a transitional stage to this.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Portrait of a Noble Assembly Deputy in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 367-377
Author(s):  
Nadezhda M. Rumyantseva ◽  
◽  
Igor O. Trubitsyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire

Creation in the 1990s of the general noble public organization and regional noble assemblies has inevitably raised the question of possibility of reviving class traditions, of social base and status of these public organizations, of their continuity as a social institution, of similarities and differences with corporate noble organizations of the Russian Empire in the early 20th century. The article attempts to create a general socio-economic portrait of noble assembly deputy and candidate for deputy at the turn of the 20th century. Despite extensive historiography on various aspects of the history of nobility, this topic has not been properly covered in the national and foreign scholarship. Meanwhile, creation of the collective portrait of nobility is necessary for understanding characteristics of organization and functioning of estate institutions. Comparative analysis of the records of service deposited in the archives of the St. Petersburg and Samara gubernias, data on the nobility of the Kazan gubernia has made possible to identify distinctive features of the deputy corps representatives on metropolitan and provincial levels of noble organizations. The use of prosopographic and comparative methods has made it possible to characterize the deputy corps in the regions, to reconstruct its collective portrait. Comparative analysis has been conducted on the basis of the number of years since joining the estate organization’s service and that in the office of deputy. Biographical information on the youngest and the oldest deputies is presented. The characteristic of property and family status is given. The educational level of the deputies, as well as their relationship with law is highlighted. The authors illustrate the statistics on the most important comparison criteria with striking examples. On the basis of historical reconstruction, the authors can argue that position of a deputy for nobility could have been the first or the last stage in the nobleman’s career. Distinctive feature of provincial deputy in comparison with metropolitan one is his property status. There is also an absence of the “deputy dynasties” trend in the deputy corps of the St. Petersburg gubernia, which was quite characteristic of provincial regions. The results of the study can be used to characterize the composition and activities of corporate noble organizations in the regions and in the Russian Empire as a whole. Further prospects for the study of the subject lie in the comprehensive study of the institute of noble corporations.

scholarly journals Late 19th - Early 20th Century Western Scholars Have Analyzed Data On The Climate, Nature, Flora And Fauna Of Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (09) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Khalilov Tulkin Zafar O’g’li ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Objective Analysis ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Periodic Boundaries

In the study of the history of Uzbekistan, in addition to local sources, the study of works and research by foreign authors can be used in a scientific and objective analysis of possible controversies on the subject. The periodic boundaries of our research work cover the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During this period, a number of foreign ambassadors, traders and tourists visited Central Asia. Many of them write about their experiences here and later write about it. Such manuscripts and works also contain a wealth of impressions and information on the nature and climate of Central Asia at that time.

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