scholarly journals Variability of the Russian educational axiosphere of the early 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 01048
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Khvataeva ◽  
Marina A. Zakharishcheva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Being the subject of interest of many scientists, the evolution of education is considered as a process, as a set of values that are reflected in the works of educators of each era. In this case, the object of the study is the first half of the 20th century, as the most controversial era in terms of values, represented by a wide range of pedagogical ideas and trends. The article analyzes various texts of educators of the early 20th century to form a holistic view concerning the axiological field of education at that time. The applied methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, abstraction, classification, and modeling, as well as the historical and structural method were dictated by the purpose of the study. The conducted work has resulted in the clarification of the concept of the axiosphere, its components and objective laws, the description of the educational axiosphere of the declared era through the analysis and synergy of values and meanings of educators of that time. The reliability of the result is ensured by the reference to the author’s text of the studied educators, which allowed formulating their values in their own language, so to speak in the first person. The attempt to present the value dominants of different educational figures of the same time as components of a single axiosphere is a fundamentally new approach, since traditionally in the history of education, it is customary to oppose the author’s pedagogical concepts and consider them as autonomous, sometimes contradictory systems.

A Review of Chinese Eastern Railway Study in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Weiyun Mа
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The article reviews research on Chinese Eastern Railway in China. The research on Chinese Eastern Railway in China began in the early 20th century, has a history of more than 100 years. The existing research results mainly focus on the construction of Chinese Eastern Railway and Tsarist Russia's expansion policy, negotiation between China and Russia (Soviet Union) on the railway issue, the contradictions and struggles of Japan and the United States around the railway problem and so on. These documents cover a wide range of issues which almost involve the political, diplomacy, economy and trade, culture and other fields of international relations in the Far East from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of 20th century, provide a broad vision for the study of Chinese Eastern Railway. But there are problems in the research. Although there are many works on Chinese Eastern Railway, but most discussions are limited to a certain stage, there are few works on the whole history of Chinese Eastern Railway. Not only should we pay attention to the study of the early 20th century in other words the period of the Qing Empire, moreover, we should strengthen the research in the period of the Republic of China and the new China period, this is of great significance to the study of the whole history of Sino — Soviet relations. In addition due to specific historical conditions, part of the Russian data of Chinese Eastern Railway in China was lost, in addition, there is no detailed and authoritative reference book for Russian archives of Chinese Eastern Railway, this situation makes the cited materials in Chinese works appear too old the materials cited in the book seem too old. The authors thank for proofreading and examining the translation A.I. Kobzev, Ph.D. (Philosophy), professor, director of China Department, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, director of TSC of Humanities and Social Sciences and director of Philosophy Department of MIPT (SRI), director of TSC «Oriental Philosophy» of RSUH, Chief researcher of Russian language, literature and culture research center of Heilongjiang University.

scholarly journals Did the ancient Egyptians migrate to ancient Nigeria?

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock M. Agai
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
West African ◽  
Samuel Johnson ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
African History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Literatures concerning the history of West African peoples published from 1900 to 1970 debate�the possible migrations of the Egyptians into West Africa. Writers like Samuel Johnson and�Lucas Olumide believe that the ancient Egyptians penetrated through ancient Nigeria but Leo�Frobenius and Geoffrey Parrinder frowned at this opinion. Using the works of these early�20th century writers of West African history together with a Yoruba legend which teaches�about the origin of their earliest ancestor(s), this researcher investigates the theories that the�ancient Egyptians had contact with the ancient Nigerians and particularly with the Yorubas.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: There is an existing ideology�amongst the Yorubas and other writers of Yoruba history that the original ancestors of�the Yorubas originated in ancient Egypt hence there was migration between Egypt and�Yorubaland. This researcher contends that even if there was migration between Egypt and�Nigeria, such migration did not take place during the predynastic and dynastic period as�speculated by some scholars. The subject is open for further research.

scholarly journals Sources for Studying of the Local Government in Siberia in the 18th - Early 20th Century: Historical and Source Studies Themes

2020 ◽  
pp. 355-367
Author(s):  
Igor A. Konovalov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Methods

Increased interest in the local government history is associated not just with the necessity to peer into the past, but also with purely practical needs. While returning to forgotten traditions, it is important to take into account the heritage of centuries. Today, we need to take a fresh look at well-known facts, to cast away old delusions and myths, and to prevent the emergence of new ones. Theoretical basis of the paper is such methods as historicism, objectivity, alternativeness; they allow an unbiased approach to the analysis of the problems and a critical attitude towards the sources. The methodology includes the use of means and methods of local, systemic, problem-chronological, and comparative historical methods, as well as the development of a “new imperial history.” The paper systematizes sources on formation and development of the local government in Siberia in the Imperial period. The following groups of sources are highlighted: regulatory and legal acts; documents of management and record keeping; statistical materials; periodicals; sources of personal provenance. There is regional specificity in the content and structure of sources. The sources characterize the history of local government in Siberia in the 18th - early 20th century, wherein personal, socio-political, and departmental conflicts played an important role. The article attempts to show the role and place of the general police in the local government of pre-revolutionary Siberia and to analyze the main sources on the subject. It focuses on structure, nature, organizational and legal problem of the local government in Siberia in the 18th - early 20th century.

scholarly journals Mamki – najemne karmicielki w świetle literatury poradnikowej z drugiej połowy XIX i początku XX wieku

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-111
Author(s):  
Monika Nawrot-Borowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Small Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Wet nurses, i.e. hired breast-feeders of babies, were the subject matter of this research. It aims to systematize the advice that was formulated on the pages of “how-to” books regarding the search for, recruitment, and treatment of wet nurses in the homes of one’s charges. The specific duties of wet nurses that were especially expected of them are determined, as well as the errors most frequently committed in their performance, which the authors of how-to books described at length, in order to warn mothers against the incompetence of paid breast-feeders. A comparison of the views of authors of “how-to” books over nearly 70 years will allow us to determine a possible evolution of views regarding wet nursing. The “how-to” books on health, hygiene, and education from the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century (the period approximately from 1850-1918), published in Polish areas and addressed mainly at families, especially mothers, form the source material for the research. The use of this type of literature will allow us to reconstruct the promulgated image of wet nursing without broader reference to providing help for them, which is worth confronting with the “how-to”  recommendations, attempting to determine whether, and to what extent, they were reflected in everyday life (e.g. using epistolary or archival sources, and memoirs). Nevertheless, the authors of “how-to” books also referred to the practice of tending infants and young children, criticizing inappropriate behaviour of wet nurses, while the recommendations formulated by them were to remedy inappropriate behaviour occurring in reality. The issue of wet nursing has not hitherto been analysed in detail in Polish historiography. In recent years, though, a few texts or papers in which one can find more or less extensive information (the less extensive ones predominate) related to breastfeeding by wet nurses in the Polish areas in the Middle Ages, the period of Old Poland, or the partition period, have been published. Thus, it seems even more reasonable to explore this issue, which will help to fill a gap in the development of the history of breastfeeding, nursing, and tending infants and small children.

scholarly journals The military apartment fee in Belarus (second half of the 19th – early 20th century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-70
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr B. Arlukevich
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The article reveals the influence of the military housing tax on the socio-economic development of municipal centers and the processes of urbanisation in Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. On the basis of a wide range of sources, it is proved that during the period under review, the amount of funds collected by the population in cities and towns with the active mediation of local self-government institutions for the rental of army headquarters, infirmaries, warehouses, officers’ apartments, rent and construction of soldiers’ barracks was comparable to the total income of magistrates and thus deprived them of the necessary reserve for saving and developing public utilities and infrastructure. On this basis, the collection of apartment money can be considered one of the key economic factors that determined the specifics of the development of the Belarusian city during the modernisation period. Until now the collection of funds in the framework of post-conscription in the territory of the Belarusian provinces has not become the subject of special research. Most of the facts presented in the work are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

scholarly journals Blending: A brief history of misconception

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Streltsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Word Play ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level

The article considers the main aspects of word-fusion, which is a means of word-building that has become popular in the last few decades. As a result, many scientific papers appeared whose authors are quite often not familiar with each other’s findings. That is why we aimed to highlight the major challenging aspects as well as little-known aspects of word-fusion and to present the main results obtained by researchers. We have shown that word-fusion has been in use at least since the 16th century, and not only in the English language. Now words derived according to the pattern are found in many languages of Continental Europe (German, French, Italian, etc.) and presumably existed in some languages, that are now extinct. There is a considerable number of literature on the subject that first appeared in the early 20th century, whereas in this country it happened half a century later. However, there were no less than ten theses, defended by Soviet and Russian linguists indicating a relatively high level of scrutiny. Nowadays, practically everyone recognizes the fact, that word-fusion is a separate productive word-building means used not only for word-play but also for term-building, and nomination of new objects and phenomena, mostly hybrid ones. As far as there is still no universally accepted term for the word-formation means in question, we propose “blending” which is mostly used by foreign and many Russian scholars, or “word-fusion” which is brief and semantically transparent.

scholarly journals RESEARCH AND TEACHING WITH PHOTOGRAPHS: HISTORICAL AND EDUCATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY RESOURCES IN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINES (MAJORCA, SPAIN, 1902-1936)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (56) ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Xavier Motilla Salas ◽  
Sara González Gómez
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
News Reports ◽  
News Magazines ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
History Of ◽  
Illustrated Press ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Printing Techniques

Abstract The origins of the illustrated press on the island of Majorca (Spain) date to the last two decades of the 19th century when visual records received a major push thanks to the consolidation of new graphic printing techniques, favouring more illustration and photography in the local press - an aspect that further strengthened in the early 20th century in news magazines. Subsequently, and running parallel to the development of international print media, photography was introduced into different media publications in Majorca, often adopting the term 'illustrated magazine'. And the news reports in these general or specialised illustrated publications are precisely where we come across different photographic and/or photojournalism reports on schools and education in general in Majorca, as well as illustrated advertising for education establishments. This article will offer an approach and analysis of the photographic resources contained in the different illustrated magazines on the island from the first three decades of the 20th century. We will also look at the image of schools from the period and the out-of-school education they provided, as well as the possible potential and uses the images represent for didactics in the history of education field.

scholarly journals Studying the History of Political and Legal Doctrines in Russian Jurisprudence in the 19th — Early 20th Century: Traditions, Directions, and Stages

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
A. V. Kornev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper attempts to reflect the origin of a specific branch of scientific knowledge — the history of political and legal doctrines. The subject field of this science and discipline includes many problems, the main of which, no doubt, is the understanding of the phenomenon of law and the state, which are closely related to other institutions. Nevertheless, it is the state and law that ultimately determine their character. This is a kind of tradition laid down by Western legal science that was strongly influenced by pre-revolutionary jurisprudence. Russian lawyers, many of whom continued their studies at Western universities as part of the "preparation for professorship" procedure, mostly followed the approaches developed there. This concerned both ontological and epistemological aspects.The author shows the difference between political and legal doctrines of the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the century. The 1860s reforms served as a kind of impetus for their development. In addition, in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century pre-revolutionary legal science moved to a new, fundamentally different scientific level of studying political and legal institutions.There is another significant point. The problem is that, in fact, the historiography of this discipline and science has remained outside the framework of the history of political and legal doctrines. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap to some extent.The author notes that the relevance of the history of political and legal doctrines arises during a period of intense political life, when stable social groups (strata, classes) with different political, social and legal ideals are formed. This situation developed in Russia in the early 20th century.

scholarly journals Identification and Identity: Differentiating the Conceptual terms

wisdom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Iryna RAYEVSKA ◽  
Olena MATUZKOVA ◽  
Olga GRYNKO
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Existential Approach ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
World Image

The problem of identity and identification has been occupying a prominent place in research studies since the early 20th century and is one of the most relevant issues in the science of the late 20th - early 21st centuries. It is determined by the changes in socio-cultural reality in the post-modern societies of the second half of the 20th century, the crisis in the existential approach to the personality studies, enhanced integrative trends in the scientific thinking, its humanitarianization and anthropocentric nature. This research paper looks at the actualization of the studies on identity and identification, describes the history and scope of the identification studies, substantiates the differentiation between the terms of individual/collective identity and identification. The subject of the article is the phenomenological and conceptual essence of identity and identification. The goal of the article is to substantiate identity and identification as the phenomena and scientific concepts. The methodological basis of the research includes the complex of the general research methods, namely: observation, description, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, taxonomy and modelling. The differentiation of the investigated terms reduces to the fact that identification serves as a foundation for constructing identity, so they correlate as a mechanism, process, and result of such mechanism’s operation in an individual self-conscious. Identification is seen as a cognitive-and-emotional mechanism of identity construction, due to which the subject constructs his or her own sameness. Identity is a result of recognition and emotional assessment of the individual-and-group and collective characteristics by an individual or group. Such characteristics have been endorsed by the relevant others as a result of constructing the world image, the image of the collective, of individual's or group's self and their place in there, basing on the specific identifying features.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document