scholarly journals Extracting High Resolution Snow Distribution Information with Inexpensive Autonomous Cameras

10.29007/93gh ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Millet ◽  
Hendrik Huwald ◽  
Steven V. Weijs
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Distortion Correction ◽  
Snow Covered Area ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Snow Distribution ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

This study details a procedure to derive high resolution snow cover information using low-cost autonomous cameras. Images from time lapse photography of target areas are used to obtain temporally resolved binary snow-covered area information. Various image processing steps, such as distortion correction, alignment, projection using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and classification using clustering are described. Several innovations, such as matching the mountain silhouette with the DEM, and application of specific filters are described to make this terrestrial remote sensing method generally applicable to derive valuable snow information.

Correction to 'Determination of actual snow-covered area using Landsat TM and digital elevation model data in Glacier National Park, Montana'

Polar Record ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (204) ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip T. Giles
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Glacier National Park ◽  
Snow Covered Area ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Sloping Terrain ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Digital Elevation Model Data ◽  
Factor C

AbstractIn the article by Hall and others (1995), a topographic correction factor (C) was developed for estimating actual land area by taking into account the effect of sloping terrain. An error that was made during image processing resulted in values of C being exaggerated. For this note, values of C for the example landscape in Glacier National Park were recalculated, and the results with and without the error are compared. It is shown that the error caused the mean value of C reported for the example landscape to be exaggerated by a factor of 2.62 times.

scholarly journals Modelling Snowmelt Runoff from Tropical Andean Glaciers under Climate Change Scenarios in the Santa River Sub-Basin (Peru)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3535
Author(s):  
Elmer Calizaya ◽  
Abel Mejía ◽  
Elgar Barboza ◽  
Fredy Calizaya ◽  
Fernando Corroto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Snow Covered Area ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Andean Glaciers ◽  
Elevation Model

Effects of climate change have led to a reduction in precipitation and an increase in temperature across several areas of the world. This has resulted in a sharp decline of glaciers and an increase in surface runoff in watersheds due to snowmelt. This situation requires a better understanding to improve the management of water resources in settled areas downstream of glaciers. In this study, the snowmelt runoff model (SRM) was applied in combination with snow-covered area information (SCA), precipitation, and temperature climatic data to model snowmelt runoff in the Santa River sub-basin (Peru). The procedure consisted of calibrating and validating the SRM model for 2005–2009 using the SRTM digital elevation model (DEM), observed temperature, precipitation and SAC data. Then, the SRM was applied to project future runoff in the sub-basin under the climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. SRM patterns show consistent results; runoff decreases in the summer months and increases the rest of the year. The runoff projection under climate change scenarios shows a substantial increase from January to May, reporting the highest increases in March and April, and the lowest records from June to August. The SRM demonstrated consistent projections for the simulation of historical flows in tropical Andean glaciers.

Determination of actual snow-covered area using Landsat TM and digital elevation model data in Glacier National Park, Montana

Polar Record ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (177) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy K. Hall ◽  
James L. Foster ◽  
Janet Y.L. Chien ◽  
George A. Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
National Park ◽  
Glacier National Park ◽  
Modis Data ◽  
Snow Covered Area ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractIn the future, data from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) will be employed to map snow in an automated environment at a resolution of 250 m to 1 km. Using Landsat thematic mapper (TM) data, an algorithm, SNOMAP, has been developed to map snow-covered area. This algorithm will be used, with appropriate modification, with MODIS data following the launch of the first Earth Observing System (EOS) platform in 1998. SNOMAP has been shown to be successful in mapping snow in a variety of areas using TM data. However, significant errors may be present in mountainous areas due to effects of topography. To increase the accuracy of mapping global snow-covered area in the future using MODIS data, digital elevation model (DEM) data have been registered to TM data for parts of Glacier National Park, Montana, so that snow cover on mountain slopes can be mapped. This paper shows that the use of DEM data registered to TM data increases the accuracy of mapping snow-covered area. Using SNOMAP on a subscene within the 14 March 1991 TM scene of northwestern Montana, 215 km2 of snow is mapped when TM data are used alone to map the snow cover. We show that about 1062 km2 of snow are actually present as measured when the TM and DEM data are registered. Approximately five times more snow is present when the effects of topography are considered for this subscene, which is in a rugged area in Glacier National Park. A simple model has been developed to determine the relationship between terrain relief and the amount of correction that must be applied to map actual snow-covered area in Glacier National Park using satellite data alone.

UAV-based digital image processing applied to the fossiliferous tanks prospection: insights at Guanambi region, northeast Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Magalhães ◽  
Gessica Pereira ◽  
Alexsander Leão ◽  
Carolina Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

<p>This study reveals the use of high resolution images collected by small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Digital Image Processing (DIP) from Structure from Motion (SfM) technique applied to the prospection and geometric characterization of fossil tanks in the Guanambi region, located at Bahia state, Brazil. Geologically, the region is located in the Guanambi Batolith, composed of granites, migmatites and orthognaisses. In the research region for example, there was the Lagoa das Abelhas fossiliferous tank, which was previously excavated and in which bone fragments of various pleistocene mammal taxa, such as those of the order Xenarthra, were found, represented by sloths, glyptodonts and armadillos. Considering that there are no records of an effective scientific method to identify these features, the main objective of this work is to map the distribution of fossiliferous tanks excavated as well as those with prospective potential, and to estimate the geometries that they present through the use of the high resolution DIP. The Phantom 4 Advanced equipped with RGB 1’’ CMOS effective 20 M sensor were the UAV model type and camera used for conducting the flight plan. The Pix4D Capture was the tablet/smartphone application used for conducting the flight operation and image collection in an area with ​​80 ha. After this step, the images were submitted as DIP routines using the SfM technique from the Agisoft Metashape software, version 1.5.1. The DIP is divided into stages like point cloud calculation, 3D models generation from mesh and texture procedures, digital elevation model (DEM) and orthomosaic. With the integration of images (DEM and orthomosaic) it was possible to identify and delineate a total of 14 targets through geometric information such as surface area, length, width, depth and internal format. The configuration in relation to soil type, vegetation and rock outcrops was the same around the Lagoa das Abelhas fossil tank. After that, the team came back to fieldwork and found fossil fragments of three out of fourteen targets. Thus, this study could show the potential of using UAV to cover large areas directed to the prospecting part of fossiliferous tanks with good flight autonomy, low cost and fast data analysis. Some of the 11 targets can be prospected because they have a high prospective potential due to their similarity to past prospects which became sites for future paleontological prospection.</p>

Line of Sight Analysis 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Law ◽  
Natalie Gallegos ◽  
Shan Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Solar System ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Elevation Model

<p>The Line of Sight (LoS) is one of the latest tools to join the analytics suite of tools for the Solar System Treks (https://trek.nasa.gov) portals.  The LoS tool provides a way to compute visibility between the entities in our solar system. More concretely, this utility searches for windows of communication or a “line of sight” between any two entities. Entities include orbiters, rovers, planetary bodies, ground stations, and other topographical locations. In addition to establishing communications between the two entities, the tool also takes into account local terrains of the entities in question.</p> <p>The software seeks to answer questions about establishing communications between a rover and an orbiter, or an orbiter to a ground station. In mission planning, LoS can be used to determine possible traverses for a rover that must maintain communications with a lander, or find time intervals of communication to an orbiter when a rover or lander are near an obstructing surface feature such as a crater rim or mound. Computations can be even more granular and lines of sight can be computed between mission instruments, thus allowing to ask questions such as “Is the High Gain Antenna on a rover visible from an orbiter?”</p> <p>The initial release of the software focuses on the lunar surface and the LRO spacecraft. Users can ask whether a topographical location on the moon is visible from the orbiter or a discrete set of ground stations on Earth. The tool uses NAIF SPICE and various mission kernels for computing planetary geometries. LoS also uses high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to model the terrain surrounding the points of interest. In-house software is used to convert high resolution DEMs into a format compatible with the tool. Users can provide their own DEMs to model the terrain on different topographical locations to use for their own computations.</p>

scholarly journals Low cost, multiscale and multi-sensor application for flooded areas mapping

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Giordan ◽  
Davide Notti ◽  
Alfredo Villa ◽  
Francesco Zucca ◽  
Fabiana Calò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Flooded Areas

Abstract. Flood mapping and estimation of maximum water depth are essential elements for a first damages evaluation, civil protection interventions planning and detection of areas where remedial are more needed. In this work, we present and discuss a methodology for mapping and quantifying flood severity over plain areas. The proposed methodology considers a multiscale and multi-sensor approach using free or low-cost data/sensors. We applied this method to November 2016 Piemonte (NW Italy) flood. We first mapped flooded areas at basin scale using free satellite data from low to medium-high resolution using both SAR (Sentinel-1, Cosmo-Skymed) and multispectral sensors (MODIS, Sentinel-2). Using very- and ultra- high-resolution images from the low-cost aerial platform and Remotely Piloted Aerial System, we refined the flooded zone, and we detected the most damaged sector. The presented method considers both urbanized and not urbanized areas. Nadiral images have several limitations in particular in urbanized areas, where the use of terrestrial images solved this limitation. Very- and ultra-high resolution images have been processed with Structure from Motion (SfM) for the realization of 3-D models. These data, combined with available digital elevation model, allowed us to obtain maps of flooded area, maximum water high and damaged infrastructures.

scholarly journals A High-Resolution Gravimetric Geoid Model for Kuwait Using the Least-Squares Collocation

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamad Al-Ajami ◽  
Ahmed Zaki ◽  
Mostafa Rabah ◽  
Mohamed El-Ashquer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Geopotential Model ◽  
Gravimetric Geoid ◽  
Least Squares Collocation ◽  
Geoid Model ◽  
Terrestrial Gravity ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Gps Leveling

A new gravimetric geoid model, the KW-FLGM2021, is developed for Kuwait in this study. This new geoid model is driven by a combination of the XGM2019e-combined global geopotential model (GGM), terrestrial gravity, and the SRTM 3 global digital elevation model with a spatial resolution of three arc seconds. The KW-FLGM2021 has been computed by using the technique of Least Squares Collocation (LSC) with Remove-Compute-Restore (RCR) procedure. To evaluate the external accuracy of the KW-FLGM2021 gravimetric geoid model, GPS/leveling data were used. As a result of this evaluation, the residual of geoid heights obtained from the KW-FLGM2021 geoid model is 2.2 cm. The KW-FLGM2021 is possible to be recommended as the first accurate geoid model for Kuwait.

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