scholarly journals Preliminary development of computed tomography (CT) scanner using transillumination imaging

10.29007/kgfg ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc An Dang Nguyen ◽  
To Ni Phan Van ◽  
Ngoc Anh Tuan Vo ◽  
Van Phu Le ◽  
Anh Tu Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Ct Scanner

Near-infrared transillumination imaging is useful in many biomedical applications such as human biometrics and animal experiments. Using near-infrared (NIR) light, we can able to obtain a two dimensional (2D) transillumination image of the internal absorption structure such as blood vessel structure, liver ... in a small animal body. If we can obtain projection images from many orientations, we can reconstruct a three dimensional (3D) image using various computed tomography techniques. In previous studies of our group, even with a simple system (light-emitting diode (LED)'s array and low-cost camera), we can obtain the blood vessel transillumination image of the human arm. In this paper, we propose preliminary research on the development of a computed tomography (CT) scanner prototype of human body parts using transillumination imaging.

Multiscale imaging of the rat brain using an integrated diceCT and histology workflow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Gignac ◽  
Haley D. O’Brien ◽  
Jimena Sanchez ◽  
Dolores Vazquez Sanroman
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
Neural Tissues

Abstract Advancements in tissue visualization techniques have spurred significant gains in the biomedical sciences by enabling researchers to integrate their datasets across anatomical scales. Of particular import are techniques that enable the interpolation of multiple hierarchical scales in samples taken from the same individuals. This study demonstrates that two-dimensional histology techniques can be employed on neural tissues following three-dimensional diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) without causing tissue degradation. This represents the first step toward a multiscale pipeline for brain visualization. We studied brains from adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats, comparing experimental (diceCT-stained then de-stained) to control (without diceCT) brains to evaluate neural tissues for immunolabeling integrity, compare somata sizes, and distinguish neurons from glial cells within the telencephalon and diencephalon. We hypothesized that if experimental and control samples do not differ significantly in quantitative metrics, brain tissues are robust to the chemical, temperature, and radiation environments required for these multiple, successive imaging protocols. Visualizations for experimental brains were first captured via micro-computed tomography scanning of isolated, iodine-infused specimens. Samples were then cleared of iodine, serially sectioned, and prepared again using immunofluorescent, fluorescent, and cresyl violet labeling, followed by imaging with confocal and light microscopy, respectively. Our results show that many neural targets are resilient to diceCT imaging and compatible with downstream histological staining as part of a low-cost, multiscale brain imaging pipeline.

scholarly journals Time-Enhancement Curve of Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography Predicts Aneurysm Enlargement with Type-II Endoleak after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

Aorta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 029-034
Author(s):  
Yunosuke Nishihara ◽  
Kota Mitsui ◽  
Shinya Azama ◽  
Daisuke Okamoto ◽  
Manabu Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Stable Group ◽  
Ct Number ◽  
4D Ct ◽  
Aneurysm Repair

Abstract Objective We investigated the hemodynamic features of Type-II endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) using four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) to identify patients with aneurysm enlargement. Methods During a 13-month period (January 2017–January 2018) at our institution, we performed 4D-CT examinations in 13 patients after EVAR because of suspected Type-II endoleaks. Three patients were excluded from the study because of other endoleaks or absence of detectable endoleaks. The ramaining 10 patients were divided into two groups: enlargement group (n = 4), in which the aneurysm volume increased, and stable group (n = 6), in which the aneurysm remained stable or shrank. A CT scanner and three-dimensional workstation were used. All images were obtained using a consistent protocol (22 phase scans using the test bolus tracking method). We analyzed the hemodynamics of the endoleak cavity (EC) relative to those of the aorta and evaluated the time-enhancement curves (TECs) using measurement protocols. The strengths of correlations between these factors in the two groups were analyzed statistically. Results TECs in the enlargement group showed a more gradual curve, and the upslope, the gradient of TEC in the ascending phase and the upslope index were significantly more gradual than those in the stable group (p = 0.0247, 0.0243). The EC washout and the EC washout index were also more gradual than in the stable group's (p = 0.019, 0.019). The enhancement duration was longer in the former than in the latter (80%, p = 0.0195; 70%, p = 0.0159; 60%, p = 0.0159). The CT number in the equilibrium phase was larger in the enlargement group than in the stable group (p = 0.019). Conclusion The 4D-CT is useful for predicting aneurysm enlargement with Type-II endoleaks after EVAR.

scholarly journals A novel method optimizing the normalization of cardiac parameters in small animal models: the importance of dimensional indexing

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (6) ◽  
pp. H1552-H1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quint A. J. Hagdorn ◽  
Guido P. L. Bossers ◽  
Anne-Marie C. Koop ◽  
Arnold Piek ◽  
Tim R. Eijgenraam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Small Animal Models ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Tibia Length

For indexing cardiac measures in small animal models, tibia length (TL) is a recommended surrogate for body weight (BW) that aims to avoid biases because of disease-induced BW changes. However, we question if indexing by TL is mathematically correct. This study aimed to investigate the relation between TL and BW, heart weight, ventricular weights, and left ventricular diameter to optimize the current common practice of indexing cardiac parameters in small animal models. In 29 healthy Wistar rats (age 5–34 wk) and 116 healthy Black 6 mice (age 3–17 wk), BW appeared to scale nonlinearly to TL1 but linearly to TL3. Formulas for indexing cardiac weights were derived. To illustrate the effects of indexing, cardiac weights between the 50% with highest BW and the 50% with lowest BW were compared. The nonindexed cardiac weights differed significantly between groups, as could be expected ( P < 0.001). However, after indexing by TL1, indexed cardiac weights remained significantly different between groups ( P < 0.001). With the derived formulas for indexing, indexed cardiac weights were similar between groups. In healthy rats and mice, BW and heart weights scale linearly to TL3. This indicates that not TL1 but TL3 is the optimal surrogate for BW. New formulas for indexing heart weight and isolated ventricular weights are provided, and we propose a concept in which cardiac parameters should not all be indexed to the same measure but one-dimensional measures to BW1/3 or TL1, two-dimensional measures to BW2/3 or TL2, and three-dimensional measures to BW or TL3. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In healthy rats and mice, body weight (BW) scales linearly to tibia length (TL) to the power of three (TL3). This indicates that for indexing cardiac parameters, not TL1 but TL3 is the optimal surrogate for BW. New formulas for indexing heart weight and isolated ventricular weights are provided, and we propose a concept of dimensionally consistent indexing. This concept is proposed to be widely applied in small animal experiments.

scholarly journals Light-Emitting-Diode-Based Multispectral Photoacoustic Computed Tomography System

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Agrawal ◽  
Christopher Fadden ◽  
Ajay Dangi ◽  
Xinyi Yang ◽  
Hussain Albahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tunable Laser ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Human Finger

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) has been widely explored for non-ionizing functional and molecular imaging of humans and small animals. In order for light to penetrate deep inside tissue, a bulky and high-cost tunable laser is typically used. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently emerged as cost-effective and portable alternative illumination sources for photoacoustic imaging. In this study, we have developed a portable, low-cost, five-dimensional (x, y, z, t, λ ) PACT system using multi-wavelength LED excitation to enable similar functional and molecular imaging capabilities as standard tunable lasers. Four LED arrays and a linear ultrasound transducer detector array are housed in a hollow cylindrical geometry that rotates 360 degrees to allow multiple projections through the subject of interest placed inside the cylinder. The structural, functional, and molecular imaging capabilities of the LED–PACT system are validated using various tissue-mimicking phantom studies. The axial, lateral, and elevational resolutions of the system at 2.3 cm depth are estimated as 0.12 mm, 0.3 mm, and 2.1 mm, respectively. Spectrally unmixed photoacoustic contrasts from tubes filled with oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, indocyanine green, methylene blue, and melanin molecules demonstrate the multispectral molecular imaging capabilities of the system. Human-finger-mimicking phantoms made of a bone and blood tubes show structural and functional oxygen saturation imaging capabilities. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of the proposed LED-based, low-cost, portable PACT system for pre-clinical and clinical applications.

Postmortem Changes in Skeletal Muscle Can Be Expressed by Hounsfield Unit Measurements in Postmortem Computed Tomography—A Murine Model Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Yamada ◽  
Tamaki Takeuchi ◽  
Morihiro Ito
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Postmortem Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Histological Images

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess time-dependent changes in postmortem images of mouse skeletal muscle that were obtained with a small animal CT scanner. Materials and methods: Mice were euthanized and time-dependent changes in postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) images of skeletal muscle were recorded for 11 elapsed intervals: at the confirmed time of cardiac arrest, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours after death. After acquiring PMCT images, skeletal muscle was removed and prepared for histological evaluation. Histological images and PMCT images of the skeletal muscle were then compared. Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements were obtained for the skeletal muscle PMCT images at each interval and time-dependent changes were examined. Results: Time-dependent changes were observed in histological images of skeletal muscle, but not in PMCT images. Time-dependent changes were detectable by HU values of skeletal muscle. Conclusion: Postmortem changes in skeletal muscle tissue appear as decreases in HU values on PMCT.

Postmortem Changes in Skeletal Muscle Can Be Expressed by Hounsfield Unit Measurements in Postmortem Computed Tomography—A Murine Model Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Yamada ◽  
Tamaki Takeuchi ◽  
Morihiro Ito
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Postmortem Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Histological Images

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess time-dependent changes in postmortem images of mouse skeletal muscle that were obtained with a small animal CT scanner. Materials and methods: Mice were euthanized and time-dependent changes in postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) images of skeletal muscle were recorded for 11 elapsed intervals: at the confirmed time of cardiac arrest, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours after death. After acquiring PMCT images, skeletal muscle was removed and prepared for histological evaluation. Histological images and PMCT images of the skeletal muscle were then compared. Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements were obtained for the skeletal muscle PMCT images at each interval and time-dependent changes were examined. Results: Time-dependent changes were observed in histological images of skeletal muscle, but not in PMCT images. Time-dependent changes were detectable by HU values of skeletal muscle. Conclusion: Postmortem changes in skeletal muscle tissue appear as decreases in HU values on PMCT.

A flexible, lightweight and stretchable all-solid-state supercapacitor based on warp-knitted stainless-steel mesh for wearable electronics

2022 ◽  
pp. 004051752110698
Author(s):  
Chuanli Su ◽  
Guangwei Shao ◽  
Qinghua Yu ◽  
Yaoli Huang ◽  
Jinhua Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Dimensional Network

Highly conductive, flexible, stretchable and lightweight electrode substrates are essential to meet the future demand on supercapacitors for wearable electronics. However, it is difficult to achieve the above characteristics simultaneously. In this study, ultrafine stainless-steel fibers (with a diameter of ≈30 μm) are knitted into stainless-steel meshes (SSMs) with a diamond structure for the fabrication of textile stretchable electrodes and current collectors. The electrodes are fabricated by utilizing an electrodeposited three-dimensional network graphene framework and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coating on the SSM substrates via a two-step electrodeposition process, which show a specific capacitance of 77.09 F g−1 (0.14 A g−1) and superb cycling stability (91% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles). Furthermore, the assembled flexible stretchable supercapacitor based on the PEDOT/reduced graphene oxide (RGO)@SSM electrodes exhibits an areal capacitance (53 mF cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2), a good cycling stability (≈73% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles), rate capability (36 mF cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2), stretchable stability (≈78% capacitance retention at 10% strain for 500 stretching cycles) and outstanding flexibility and stability under various bending deformations. The assembled supercapacitors can illuminate a thermometer and a light-emitting diode, demonstrating their potential application as stretchable supercapacitors. This simple and low-cost method developed for fabricating lightweight, stretchable and stable high-performance supercapacitors offers new opportunities for future stretchable electronic devices.

scholarly journals Assessment of Common Scab-Inducing Pathogen Effects on Potato Underground Organs Via Computed Tomography Scanning

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1118-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Han ◽  
P. Dutilleul ◽  
S. O. Prasher ◽  
C. Beaulieu ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning

Common scab caused by Streptomyces scabies is a major bacterial disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Its best known symptom is superficial lesions on the surface of progeny potato tubers, observed at harvesting. In this study, effects of S. scabies on space occupancy by underground organs and on structural complexity of root systems are investigated during growth via computed tomography (CT) scanning. Two groups of potato plants were grown in a greenhouse in middle-sized plastic pots. Using a high-resolution X-ray CT scanner formerly used for medical applications, their underground organs and surrounding medium (sieved and autoclaved homogeneous sand) were submitted to CT scanning 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting. For one group, sand was inoculated with the common scab-inducing pathogen (S. scabies EF-35) at potting. Space occupancy by underground organs was estimated via curve fitting applied to histograms of CT scan data, while three-dimensional skeletal images were used for fractal analysis. Root systems of diseased plants were found to be less complex than those of healthy plants 4 weeks after planting, and the relative growth rates derived from space occupancy measures were of different sign between the two groups from week 4 to week 8.

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