Request for scientific and technical assistance on proposed EU minimum quality requirements for water reuse in agricultural irrigation and aquifer recharge

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ana Allende ◽  
Damià Barceló Culleres ◽  
Rosina Gironés Llop ◽  
Arlette Laval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Minimum Quality

scholarly journals A methodological approach for prioritizing water reuse projects in agricultural irrigation: a case study in Spain

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolinches Antonio ◽  
Blanco Gutiérrez Irene ◽  
Zubelzu S. ◽  
Esteve Paloma ◽  
Gómez Ramos Almudena
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation

scholarly journals Sewer Mining as a Distributed Intervention for Water-Energy-Materials in the Circular Economy Suitable for Dense Urban Environments: A Real World Demonstration in the City of Athens

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2764
Author(s):  
Argyro Plevri ◽  
Klio Monokrousou ◽  
Christos Makropoulos ◽  
Christos Lioumis ◽  
Nikolaos Tazes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Plant Nursery

Water reuse and recycling is gaining momentum as a way to improve the circularity of cities, while recognizing the central role of water within a circular economy (CE) context. However, such interventions often depend on the location of wastewater treatment plants and the treatment technologies installed in their premises, while relying on an expensive piped network to ensure that treated wastewater gets transported from the treatment plant to the point of demand. Thus, the penetration level of treated wastewater as a source of non-potable supply in dense urban environments is limited. This paper focuses on the demonstration of a sewer mining (SM) unit as a source of treated wastewater, as part of a larger and more holistic configuration that examines all three ‘streams’ associated with water in CE: water, energy and materials. The application area is the Athens Plant Nursery, in the (water stressed) city of Athens, Greece. SM technology is in fact a mobile wastewater treatment unit in containers able to extract wastewater from local sewers, treat it directly and reuse at the point of demand even in urban environments with limited space. The unit consists of a membrane bioreactor unit (MBR) and a UV disinfection unit and produces high quality reclaimed water for irrigation and also for aquifer recharge during the winter. Furthermore, a short overview of the integrated nutrient and energy recovery subsystem is presented in order to conceptualise the holistic approach and circularity of the whole configuration. The SM technology demonstrates flexibility, scalability and replicability, which are important characteristics for innovation uptake within the emerging CE context and market.

scholarly journals Municipal Wastewater Reclamation and Water Reuse for Irrigation by Membrane Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Dolar ◽  
Marko Racar ◽  
Krešimir Košutić
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Membrane Conductivity ◽  
Severe Degree

Municipal wastewater was treated by membrane bioreactor (MBR), and the obtained<br /> MBR effluent was then treated by reverse osmosis (RO), and nanofiltration (NF). The MBR effluent was additionally treated by reverse osmosis (XLE) and nanofiltration (NF90 and NF270) membranes. RO and NF permeate output streams were assessed for their utilization in agricultural irrigation. The MBR used a hollow fiber ZeeWeed 1 ultrafiltration<br /> membrane. Conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved organic carbon were rejected by MBR with average values of 10 %, 100 %, 99.8 %, 96 %, and 88 %, respectively. Further treatment with RO/NF membranes showed additional reduction in all measured parameters. According to results, MBR effluent belongs to the ‘slight to moderate’ degree of restriction on use due to conductivity, chloride, and sodium concentrations. RO/NF permeate, based on all parameters, belongs<br /> to the ‘none’ degree of restriction on use, except on sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), where it belongs to the ‘severe’ degree of restriction on use. Based on conductivity and SAR parameters, assessment of produced water quality obtained by blending of two effluents<br /> (50 % of MBR and 50 % of NF270 permeate) resulted in an output stream appropriate for irrigation, proving that the blending of output streams in this ratio is a good strategy for agricultural irrigation.

scholarly journals The bus transport development in Malta

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Agata Pomykała
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Bus Transport ◽  
Minimum Quality

The aim of the article is the presentation the history of the creation and development of bus transport in Malta, including the beginning of bus transport in the first years of the twentieth century. It also presents the reforms from the 1970s and changes that have occurred in recent years. Bus transport was covered the system of contracted public services with specification of minimum quality requirements, which led to the optimization and modernization of the bus park, improvement of the quality of services and increase in the number of passengers.

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