PROSPECTS FOR PROGRESSIVE INCOME TAXATION IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
S.N. Sajfieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Progressive Income Taxation

The subject of the study is the analysis of current income taxation and assessment of the prospects for the introduction of a progressive tax scale in the Russian Federation. The main purpose of the work is to identify the reserves of the Russian income tax system in order to replenish budget revenues in the fight against coronavirus infection. When performing the research, a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches and the method of financial analysis used. The new progressive system of income taxation analyzed from the point of view of the postulates of classical 222 Экономические системы. 2020. № 4 Economic Systems. 2020. No. 4 economic theory. Official statistics in the field of calculating nominal and real average monthly wages of employees in Russia as a whole by its subjects have been studied and summarized. The analysis of the current and new progressive income taxation introduced in Russia from January 1, 2021 performed. On a practical example, the mechanism for collecting income tax using flat and progressive scales considered, and the approximate revenue received from one taxpayer is calculated. The disadvantages of the newly introduced tax measure identified and generalized a narrow tax base, a low maximum rate, and the preservation of taxation of low-income segments of the population. The introduced system of progressive income taxation does not provide incentive levers, such as amounts of non-taxable income (in addition to the standard deductions mentioned above), and does not contain tax breaks on invested income. Based on the analysis of a representative body of scientific literature on the problem of improving the efficiency of income taxation, some possible solutions proposed. The proposals formulated in the article used to improve the system of income taxation in the future to increase its effectiveness, strengthen social orientation, and the predominance of the incentive function over the fiscal one.

scholarly journals Income Inequality and Progressive Income Taxation in China and India, 1986–2015

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Piketty ◽  
Nancy Qian
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
China And India ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Progressive Income Taxation ◽  
A Share

This paper evaluates income tax reforms in China and India. The combination of fast income growth and under-indexed tax schedule in China implies the fraction of the Chinese population subject to income tax has increased from less than 0.1 percent in 1986 to about 20 percent in 2008, while it has stagnated around 2–3 percent in India. Chinese income tax revenues, as a share of GDP, increased from less than 0.1 percent in 1986 to about 1.5 percent in 2005 and 2.5 percent in 2008, while the constant adaptation of exemption levels and income brackets in India have caused them to stagnate around 0.5 percent of GDP. (JEL D31, H24, 015, 023, P23, P35)

scholarly journals Digging into the Channels of Bunching: Evidence from the Uruguayan Income Tax

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Bergolo ◽  
Gabriel Burdin ◽  
Mauricio De Rosa ◽  
Matias Giaccobasso ◽  
Martin Leites
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Taxable Income ◽  
Labour Income ◽  
Elasticity Of Taxable Income ◽  
Personal Income Taxation

Abstract Based on detailed administrative tax records, we implement a bunching design to explore how individual taxpayers respond to personal income taxation in Uruguay. We estimate a very modest elasticity of taxable income at the first kink point (0.06) driven by a combination of gross labour income and deductions responses. Taxpayers use personal deductions more intensively close to the kink point and underreport income to the tax authority. Our results suggest that the efficiency costs of taxation are not necessarily large in contexts characterised by limited deduction opportunities. Policy efforts should be directed at broadening the tax base and improving enforcement capacity.

scholarly journals Cross Check of the Tax Base in Serbia – Informative Tax Return Sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Ivan Raonić ◽  
Zoran Vasić ◽  
Igor Pejović
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Specific Challenge

AbstractThe tax system of the Republic of Serbia is characterized by a very low level of income taxation. It is a particularly acute problem in cross-checking the tax base. The legislature tried to solve this problem by the introduction of the informative tax return (IPP). The problem is even greater because the situations encountered have not been analysed in science and tax theory, and very often have not been covered by applicable laws. A specific challenge for the tax authorities represent taxpayers whose incomes are primarily realized abroad (usually persons from the world of entertainment). This paper describes the basic forms of tax offences characteristic of income tax evasion and discusses how to solve them, with a particular focus on the implementation of cross-checking the tax base.

New Colombian fiscal reform will pass but is flawed

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Game Changer

Significance The plan avoids new taxes on individuals, instead increasing the fiscal burden on firms. The proposed measures aim to generate COP15.2tn (USD3.9bn) in new revenue, which would be used to expand subsidies to households and firms, encourage youth employment, and guarantee tuition-free university for low-income students. Impacts The proposals will increase annual revenue by at least 1% of GDP, boosting Colombia’s historically low tax collection. The extension of social benefits may provide a modest political dividend for the government, but will not be an electoral game-changer. Future reforms will be necessary to address the structural deficit, expand the personal income tax base and improve progressivity.

scholarly journals ‘Tax the rich’? The financial crisis, fiscal fairness, and progressive income taxation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Limberg
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tax Progressivity ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Progressive Income Taxation

AbstractHas the financial crisis influenced taxes on the rich? In this article, I argue that crisis countries have raised income tax progressivity because of fiscal fairness considerations. I test this claim by analysing a new data set on top marginal personal income tax (PIT) rates for 122 countries from 2006 to 2014, applying matching methods and a difference-in-differences design. The results show that countries with a financial crisis have increased top PIT rates by 4 percentage points. Furthermore, rising public debt only leads to higher top PIT rates when it is crisis-induced. These findings demonstrate that notions of fiscal fairness can still shape progressive taxation in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Potential and Possible Ways of Harmonizing the Personal Income Taxation Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wołowiec
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
Universal Structure ◽  
Personal Income Taxation

Personal income tax (hereinafter referred to as PIT) has a short history, as it appeared in tax systems of EU countries as late as at the end of the 18th century. As a specific universal structure it performs two economic functions: providing financial means for covering some public expenses (fiscal function), leveling inequalities – through its structure – in population incomes (a redistribution function). It also implements social functions of taxation through various tax reliefs and exemptions or the structure of the tax scale. Contemporary personal income tax in European countries has been shaped by many years of evolution. This proces is continuing, taking into account the process of European integration and the processes of standardizing and harmonizing tax systems in European Union countries. Most EU states only sporadically implement major reforms of personal income taxation. The scope of such changes is usually limited and determined by current fiscal needs or the need to stimulate a particular behavior of taxpayers. The current taxation of personal incomes is a very complex phenomenon which should be analyzed not only from the legal point of view, but also taking into account its social, cultural, economic and political system aspects.

PROGRESSIVE INCOME TAXATION: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
E. A. LEPESHKINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Progressive Income Taxation

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that in 2021 there was an important change in wages-the introduction of a progressive personal income tax rate. This system of income taxation is just be-ginning to be implemented and, of course, will be subject to further changes. The state has an important task to carry out this process consistently, taking into account the peculiarities of the country and relying on the successful experience of developed countries. The article reveals the concepts of progressive and propor-tional taxation, considers the views of supporters of these types of taxation systems, examines foreign expe-rience in applying the progressive personal income tax rate, and makes suggestions for improving the existing system.

scholarly journals VERGİ MEVZUATI AÇISINDAN KANUNEN KABUL EDİLMEYEN GİDERLERE YÖNELİK HATALI İŞLEMLERİN TESPİTİ, DÜZELTME VE MUHASEBE KAYITLARI

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper TAZEGÜL
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Application Point ◽  
Income Tax Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Taxable Profit

One of the most important concepts that appears the differentiation of accounting profit and taxable profit is expenses which are not legally accepted. In the determination of accounting profit some expense which is not legally accepted as an expense can be deducted and these expenses cannot be deducted in determination of taxable profit Therefore, it is important to correctly apply the expenses that are not legally accepted for the determination of the accounting profit which constitutes the tax base in general. For this reason, the law stated expenses that can be deducted in the 40th article of the Income Tax Law. All the expenses except these that can be discounted are considered as legally deductible expenses. The expenses that cannot be deducted are also counted in article 41 of the same law. These expenses will also be considered as unacceptable expenses without any hesitation. However, when considered from the application point of view, it is seen that there is a doubt in terms of issues such as whether it should be taken into consideration as an unacceptable expense or whether the necessity of being subject to withholding should be considered as a fee. Within this context, the errors encountered in the application in relation to legally unacceptable costs and their adjusted accounting records are included in our study.

scholarly journals Assessment of bringing in the progressive income taxation in Lithuania

2013 ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
Monika Melnykaitė ◽  
Agnė Ramanauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Direct Taxation ◽  
Progressive Tax ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Progressive Income Taxation

Lately discussions of bringing in the progressive income taxation in Lithuania are increasing. Consensus on this issue in the society is not reached, thus this article aims to reveal the need for the reform of direct taxation in the Republic of Lithuania and to consider aspects of the project of proposed input of the progressive income tax rate and possible consequences of implementing. The aim of the research is to assess the need and initiatives of bringing in the progressive income taxation in Lithuania. This paper describes the theoretical basis for progressive taxation and discloses the need for the reform of direct taxation in the Republic of Lithuania; and assesses the aspects of the project of proposed input of the progressive income tax rate in Lithuania as well as compares them with other countries in the European Union. The results of the research. It is found that the bringing in the progressive income tax rate should be properly reasoned, and the system of the progressive tax rate establishment should be based on calculations and empirical studies; because it can have both positive (short-term) and negative (long-term) impact on the national economy. After the comparison of the proposed system of the progressive tax rate establishment in Lithuania with systems in other countries of the European Union it was revealed that the Lithuanian one could be improved. The main disadvantage of this system is that it does not reduce the payable income tax of lower-income people. Based on the results of the calculations it was established that in order to improve the system of Lithuania it should be taken into the account the system of United Kingdom. Because it is simple and easy to understand, and the government gets the opportunity to correct the non-taxable amount and income ranges according to the tendencies of economic ratios.

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