scholarly journals Assessment of bringing in the progressive income taxation in Lithuania

2013 ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
Monika Melnykaitė ◽  
Agnė Ramanauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Direct Taxation ◽  
Progressive Tax ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Progressive Income Taxation

Lately discussions of bringing in the progressive income taxation in Lithuania are increasing. Consensus on this issue in the society is not reached, thus this article aims to reveal the need for the reform of direct taxation in the Republic of Lithuania and to consider aspects of the project of proposed input of the progressive income tax rate and possible consequences of implementing. The aim of the research is to assess the need and initiatives of bringing in the progressive income taxation in Lithuania. This paper describes the theoretical basis for progressive taxation and discloses the need for the reform of direct taxation in the Republic of Lithuania; and assesses the aspects of the project of proposed input of the progressive income tax rate in Lithuania as well as compares them with other countries in the European Union. The results of the research. It is found that the bringing in the progressive income tax rate should be properly reasoned, and the system of the progressive tax rate establishment should be based on calculations and empirical studies; because it can have both positive (short-term) and negative (long-term) impact on the national economy. After the comparison of the proposed system of the progressive tax rate establishment in Lithuania with systems in other countries of the European Union it was revealed that the Lithuanian one could be improved. The main disadvantage of this system is that it does not reduce the payable income tax of lower-income people. Based on the results of the calculations it was established that in order to improve the system of Lithuania it should be taken into the account the system of United Kingdom. Because it is simple and easy to understand, and the government gets the opportunity to correct the non-taxable amount and income ranges according to the tendencies of economic ratios.

scholarly journals Effective Corporate Income Tax Rates: Southern and Northern Economies of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Dimitris Balios ◽  
Nikolaos Eriotis ◽  
Stefanos Tantos ◽  
Dimitrios Vasiliou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Business Profitability ◽  
Alternative Approaches

In the present study, we attempt to investigate the determinants of the effective corporate tax rate of companies of the European Union (EU) discriminating between northern and southern economies. We adopt in our analysis the period after the outbreak of the crisis in the Eurozone up today including some years before 2009 in the assessed period. Our empirical investigation is based on three alternative approaches to effective income tax rate based on accounting information. We investigate the determinants of ECITR assessing two sub-samples of firms from all the aforementioned industrial sectors for 16 member countries of Europe. The first sub-sample consists of firms from 12 member countries of "North" European Union and the second sub-sample consists of firms from 4 member countries of "South" European Union. The analysis covers the period 2004-2016. Estimation results point out that the effective corporate income tax rate is variously affected by firm-specific determining factors for both northern and southern economies. The relation between ECITR and determining factors is ascertained to be less significant (sensitive) during the pre-crisis period in comparison with the respective empirical findings after the outburst of the economic crisis in the European Union. Empirical findings indicate that effective corporate income tax rate is more vulnerable to financial leverage for southern economies in comparison to the northern economies signaling financing structure differences between the two EU-country groups. Finally, there is evidence that there is an indisputable and positive coexistence between business profitability and tax burden.

scholarly journals Trends in resolution of disputes in the field of direct taxation (review of the conference “Recent and Pending Cases at the Court of Justice of the European Union on Direct Taxation”, Vienna, November 8–10, 2018)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
K. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Direct Taxation ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Beneficial Ownership ◽  
Personal Income Taxation ◽  
The Eu

The report on the scientific conference “Recent and Pending Cases at the Court of Justice of the European Union on Direct Taxation”) is presented in the paper. The conference took place on November 8-10, 2018 at Vienna University of Economics and Business. Conferences on the EU Court of Justice decisions in the field of direct taxation have been held in Vienna annually since 2007. The most relevant topics at the 2018 conference were: increased understanding of state aid and the obligations of national courts to notify the European Commission; fiscal unity; taxation of dividends paid by non-residents; taxation of personal income; taxation of income from capital withdrawal; beneficial ownership issues; group taxation issues.

Estonian Legal Culture on the Threshold to the 21st Century

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peeter Järvelaid
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The Republic of Estonia is one of those European countries for which the year 1918 meant a deep and radical change in the development of their states. During the last decade, these states – Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic (the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic in 1918), Poland, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia – have all become Member States of or applicant countries to the European Union. On 28 July 1922, the Republic of Estonia was de jure recognized by the Government of the United States. This was an important act, since soon afterwards, on 22 September 1922, Estonia became a member of the League of Nations. Estonia had thus become a subject of international law.

scholarly journals THE FLAWS OF THE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING FOR THE VALUE-ADDED TAX LIABILITIES AND RECEIVABLES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OVERCOMING THEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1613-1618
Author(s):  
Nada Petrusheva ◽  
Darko Iliov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reduced Rate

Value-added tax (VAT) is a consumption tax, meaning that it is a tax on the purchase of a product or a service. It is a form of taxation that focuses on how much an individual consumes opposed to how much that individual contributes to the economy (income tax).Value-added tax is paid by residents of any country in the European Union. Both consumers and businesses are liable to pay VAT when purchasing products or services. When a manufacturer creates a product, it is liable to pay value-added tax on the components purchased in order to create goods. When the product is sold, the tax burden is transferred onto the buyer, who pays the whole VAT amount, from which the manufacturer pays the government the difference between the whole VAT amount and the VAT amount that has already been paid when the components were purchased. Value-added taxation rates are set by the member states individually. The minimum rate of VAT as directed by the European Union is 15%. There is no maximum limit on value-added taxation. Member states are also at liberty to choose certain products and services to be subject to a reduced rate of VAT or to be exempt altogether. The system of accounting for the VAT liabilities and receivables in the Republic of Macedonia has certain issues which are presented in this paper. This paper also presents recommendations that are aimed towards overcoming these issues.

scholarly journals Indonesian Government Strategies On Obtaining Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Market Access To European Union Countries Over The EU Parliament Resolution On Palm Oil And Deforestation Of Rainforest

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Bustanul Arifin ◽  
Komang Audina Permana Putri
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Export Destination ◽  
The Eu

Indonesia is the largest producer of palm oil in the world. With Malaysia, palm oil production could account for about eighty percent of global production. Meanwhile, Europe is the country with the third largest CPO export destination for Indonesia after India and China. However, the EU proposed a European Union resolution initiative on palm oil and deforestation of rainforest, which finally passed with the major votes from EU members of Parliament in April 2017. The key point on EU resolution reveals that EU will ban palm oil use for biofuels production by 2020. The purpose of this research is to analyze the Indonesian government’s diplomatic efforts to respond and negotiate with EU regarding the issue. It is also considered important to prevent the global downturn on palm oil products. To analyze the diplomacy effort, the researcher will use qualitative methods presented through data collection from sources such as books, journals, press releases and official reports from institutions in this case the European Union. To support the research, the researcher also uses primary data through the interview with one of the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia for diplomatic actions conducted by Indonesian government. This research finds that the government of Indonesian finally combined several soft diplomatic strategies to face EU both directly and indirectly.Keywords: Strategies, Government of Indonesia, Trade, Palm Oil, EU Resolution, Deforestation

Optimal capital-income taxation in a model with credit frictions

2014 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem Abo-Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Capital Income ◽  
Capital Income Taxation ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Redistributive Taxation ◽  
Optimal Capital ◽  
Credit Frictions ◽  
The Government

AbstractThe optimality of the long-run capital-income tax rate is revisited in a simple neoclassical growth model with credit frictions. Firms pay their factors of production in advance, which requires borrowing at the beginning of the period. Borrowing, in turn, is constrained by the value of collateral that they own at the beginning of the period, leading to inefficiently low amounts of capital and labor. In this environment, the optimal capital-income tax in the steady state is non zero. Specifically, the quantitative analyses show that the capital-income tax is negative and, therefore, the distortions stemming from the credit friction are offset by subsidizing capital. However, when the government cannot distinguish between capital-income and profits, the capital-income tax is positive as the government levies the same tax rate on both sources of income. These results stand in contrast to the celebrated result of zero capital-income taxation of Judd (Judd, K. 1985. “Redistributive Taxation in a Simple Perfect Foresight Model.”

International Relations in the New “Constitution of Finland”

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-522
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Comprehensive Reform ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Organisation

AbstractThe need for a comprehensive reform of Finland's four laws of constitution has been discussed since the late 1960s. As a consequence of several substantial changes to the old constitutional laws and the political consensus to move the system of governance in a more parliamentary direction, a new Constitution was drafted during the 1990s and adopted by the Parliament in 1999. Finland's new Constitution integrates constitutional provisions into a single Constitution, and reduces the constitutional powers of the president of the republic. The new Constitution increases parliamentary control in foreign policy. It requires the president to co-operate with the government when directing Finland's foreign policy. It also requires acceptance by the Parliament of a wider range of international obligations. The system for the national organisation of matters concerning the European Union adopted in connection with Finland's accession to the Union in 1995 has also been confirmed by the Constitution, with the government and the Parliament being the main actors in that field.

scholarly journals Pozycja ustrojowa Prezydenta RP w systemie konstytucyjnym Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej w kontekście członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej

Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4(61)) ◽  
pp. 257-279
Author(s):  
Anna Budzanowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
Institutional Order

The Constitutional Role of the President of the Republic of Poland in the Context of Membership of the European Union The article presents a synthetic analysis of issues related to the constitutional position of the President of the Republic of Poland in constitutional and institutional order in the context of Poland’s membership in the structures of the European Union. The text mentions the basics of not only legal but also functional elements of the constitutional system. The purpose of this article is also to indicate how much the constitutional model of the executive bodies is sufficient to resolving problematic political issues when there is a particular kind of relationship between the head of state and the government administration.

PROGRESSIVE INCOME TAXATION: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
E. A. LEPESHKINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Progressive Income Taxation

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that in 2021 there was an important change in wages-the introduction of a progressive personal income tax rate. This system of income taxation is just be-ginning to be implemented and, of course, will be subject to further changes. The state has an important task to carry out this process consistently, taking into account the peculiarities of the country and relying on the successful experience of developed countries. The article reveals the concepts of progressive and propor-tional taxation, considers the views of supporters of these types of taxation systems, examines foreign expe-rience in applying the progressive personal income tax rate, and makes suggestions for improving the existing system.

scholarly journals Ukraine within the European security system: problems and prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Oksana Vasil'evna Babenko ◽  
Vasilii Nikolaevich Babenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Security System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Territorial Dispute ◽  
European Security ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Eastern European Countries

This article explores the problems of Ukraine's integration into the European security system. Special attention is given to the questions of cooperation with the European Union, NATO and the OSCE that play an important role in promotion of security in the European continent. Emphasis is made on the analysis of the Ukrainian normative legal framework responsible for inclusion of Ukraine into the core structures of European security. Since 1991 to the present, all presidents of post-Soviet Ukraine from L. Kravchuk to V. Zelensky contributed considerably to the country’s integration into the European security system. With the development of relations with NATO, EU and OSCE, Ukraine sought to cooperate with the Eastern European countries within the framework of the key institutions of European security. Ukraine’s relations with certain Balkan states have experienced intense contradictions, for example dispute over the plan to liquidate Bolhradsky district in Odessa Region that was predominantly populated by ethnic Bulgarians. Since 2004, the territorial dispute between Ukraine and Romania pertaining to delimitation of continental shelf around the Snake Island has not been fully settled. The conflict between the two countries also aggravated due to the policy of reducing the Romanian-language educational establishments in Ukraine. Ukraine’s inclusion into the key structures of the European security is also impeded by Donbass armed conflict, the fact that the government of Ukraine does not recognize the Republic of Crimea's claim to sovereignty, as well as regularization of relations with the Russian Federation. The acquired results allow determining the motives underlying the foreign policy course of Ukraine that is aimed at its accession to the European Union and NATO, as well as the attempts to take its place within the European security system.

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