scholarly journals TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF TRANSFORMING SORGHUM BAGASSE INTO BIOETHANOL FUEL IN NIGERIA: 1 - PROCESS MODELLING, SIMULATION, AND COST ESTIMATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
AJAYI OLUFUNMILOLA OYENIKE ◽  
ONIFADE KOLAWOLE RASHEED ◽  
ONADEJI ABIODUN ◽  
OYEGOKE TOYESE
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
Bioethanol Fuel

Apart from the environmental threats posed by fossil fuel due to emissions of greenhouse gases (majorly CO2), Nigeria's economy's continuous reliance on only one source of fuel production is unsustainable, hence, the need to consider diversification and alternative sources of energy generation and fuel production. This work aims to model and simulate the process of transforming sorghum bagasse into a fuel grade bioethanol via the use of Aspen HYSYS and MATLAB for the development and evaluation of cost implications and demand of the concerned plant studied. The study of process plant models shows that 189 g of fuel grade bioethanol will be obtainable from a kilogram of sorghum bagasse based on the condition employed in the modeling of the process. Cost analysis indicates that it would require a capital and operation cost worth of $1.92 and $ 0.83, respectively, to produce a liter of fuel grade bioethanol from sorghum bagasse.

Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills- Part II: Techno-economic evaluation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Precipitation Process

The evaluation and process risk assessment of (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction for recovery boiler debottlenecking in an existing pulp mill is presented in Part I of this paper, which was published in the July 2012 issue of TAPPI Journal. In Part II, the economic assessment of the two biorefinery process options is presented and interpreted. A mill process model was developed using WinGEMS software and used for calculating the mass and energy balances. Investment costs, operating costs, and profitability of the two biorefinery options have been calculated using standard cost estimation methods. The results show that the two biorefinery options are profitable for the case study mill and effective at process debottlenecking. The after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) of the lignin precipitation process option was estimated to be 95%, while that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option was 28%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the after tax-IRR of the lignin precipitation process remains higher than that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option, for all changes in the selected sensitivity parameters. If we consider the after-tax IRR, as well as capital cost, as selection criteria, the results show that for the case study mill, the lignin precipitation process is more promising than the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. However, the comparison between the two biorefinery options should include long-term evaluation criteria. The potential of high value-added products that could be produced from lignin in the case of the lignin precipitation process, or from ethanol and acetic acid in the case of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process, should also be considered in the selection of the most promising process option.

scholarly journals Assessment of Wind Characteristics and Wind Power Potential of Gharo, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Zahid Hussain Hulio
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Wind Characteristics

The objective of this research work is to assess the wind characteristics and wind power potential of Gharo site. The wind parameters of the site have been used to calculate the wind power density, annual energy yield, and capacity factors at 10, 30, and 50 m. The wind frequency distribution including seasonal as well as percentage of seasonal frequency distribution has been investigated to determine accurately the wind power of the site. The coefficient of variation is calculated at three different heights. Also, economic assessment per kWh of energy has been carried out. The site-specific annual mean wind speeds were 6.89, 5.85, and 3.85 m/s at 50, 30, and 10 m heights with corresponding standard deviations of 2.946, 2.489, and 2.040. The mean values of the Weibull k parameter are estimated as 2.946, 2.489, and 2.040 while those of scale parameter are estimated as 7.634, 6.465, and 4.180 m/s at 50, 30, and 10 m, respectively. The respective mean wind power and energy density values are found to be 118.3, 92.20, and 46.10 W/m2 and 1036.6, 807.90, and 402.60 kWh/m2. As per cost estimation of wind turbines, the wind turbine WT-C has the lowest cost of US$ Cents 0.0346/kWh and highest capacity factors of 0.3278 (32.78%). Wind turbine WT-C is recommended for this site for the wind farm deployment due to high energy generation and minimum price of energy. The results show the appropriateness of the methodology for assessing the wind speed and economic assessment at the lowest price of energy.

scholarly journals Application of Exergy-Based Fault Detection in a Gas-To-Liquids Process Plant

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Greyling ◽  
Henri Marais ◽  
George van Schoor ◽  
Kenneth Richard Uren
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Tennessee Eastman Process ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Commercial Process ◽  
Gas To Liquids ◽  
First Time

Fault detection and isolation (FDI) within the petrochemical industries (PCIs) is largely dominated by statistical techniques. Although a signal-based technique centered on exergy flows within a process plant was proposed, it has only been applied to single process units. The exergy-based scheme has not yet been applied to process plants that feature at least a single recycle stream. The Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) is commonly used as an FDI benchmark process, but due to obfuscation, the TEP cannot be directly implemented in a commercial process simulator. Thus, application of FDI techniques to proprietary processes will require significant investment into the implementation of the FDI scheme. This is a key impediment to the wide-spread comparison of various FDI techniques to non-benchmark processes. In this paper, a gas-to-liquids (GTL) process model is developed in Aspen HYSYS®, and the model’s performance is validated. The exergy-based FDI technique is applied to the GTL process while the process is subjected to carefully selected faults. The selected faults aim to affect several process units, and specifically, the resultant recycle stream of the GTL process is considered. The results indicate that even though the exergy-based technique makes use of fixed thresholds, complete detection and isolation can be achieved for a list of common process faults. This is significant since it shows, for the first time, that the exergy-based FDI scheme can successfully be deployed in processes with recycle streams.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF RECONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS OF MASS SERIES BY VALUE INDICATORS

2021 ◽  
pp. 047-054
Author(s):  
Е. V. Alenicheva ◽  
О. N. Kozhukhina
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Standard Series ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
Made In

Possible solutions for reconstruction of residential buildings of standard series are considered. The analysis of studies on the reconstruction of buildings in the world practice is conducted. The existing methods of technical and economic assessment of the effectiveness of the reconstruction of apartment buildings are analyzed. Using the example of the housing stock of the Tambov region, a study of the values of the technical and economic indicators of the space-planning solution of the building was carried out; the cost estimation of reconstruction with the construction of superstructures or extensions to the building was made in order to find the most optimal solution.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Vinasse Treatment Alternatives Through Process Simulation: A Case Study of Cuban Distillery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arletis Cruz Llerena ◽  
Osney Perez Ones ◽  
Lourdes Zumalacárregui de Cárdenas ◽  
José Luis Pérez de los Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Process Simulation ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

Abstract Purpose Vinasse is one of the organic industrial effluents with major polluting effect. The objective of this work was to perform a techno-economic assessment of vinasses treatment alternatives for valorization of this waste through process simulation with Aspen Hysys v10.0. Methods Four alternatives were studied: (A_1) incineration and electricity generation, (A_2) desalinization, (A_3) anaerobic digestion and electricity generation and (A_4) drying. The selected packages for the evaluation and prediction of properties were: Lee-Kesler-Plöcker and NBS Steam, NRTL-Ideal, Peng-Robinson-Stryjer-Vera and NBS Steam and NRTL-Ideal respectively; the validation in these cases was carried out with data reported in the literature. The economic evaluation was carried according to the changes that each alternative determines in each one of the elements of effective cash flow comparing with the actual condition. Results With the alternative A_1, fertilizers ashes are obtained removing all the residual and the energy generation. By the alternative A_2, fertilizers salts and desalinate vinasses (for animal food) were obtained. By the alternative A_3, energy is generated from biogas. By the alternative A_4, dry vinasse is obtained which is used as fertilizer and animal food. Conclusion The polluting effect of the vinasse can be reduced with the proposed treatment alternatives. It was showed that the alternatives are feasible, being the alternative A_1 the best, with a NPV of $ 1.29 MMUSD, IRR 25.5% and DPBP 2.7 years. Process simulation are a valuable supporting tool when making decisions in investment projects for valorization of vinasse from the ethanol industry.

Algal fuel production by industry: process simulation and economic assessment

2022 ◽  
pp. 635-652
Author(s):  
Sayeda M. Abdo ◽  
Entesar Ahmed ◽  
Sanaa Abo El-Enin ◽  
Guzine El Diwan ◽  
K.M. El-Khatib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Simulation ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Fuel Production

Techno-economic assessment of a renewable bio-jet-fuel production using power-to-gas

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 997-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin M. Zech ◽  
Sebastian Dietrich ◽  
Matthias Reichmuth ◽  
Werner Weindorf ◽  
Franziska Müller-Langer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Power To Gas

scholarly journals Bioethanol fuel production from rambutan fruit biomass as reducing agent of global warming and greenhouse gases

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (50) ◽  
pp. 10157-10165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel A ◽  
B M S Hossain A ◽  
Latifa Khayyat ◽  
ALNaqeb Haitham ◽  
Abear Jama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Bioethanol Fuel

scholarly journals Improving the cost estimates of complex projects in the project-based industries

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pournima Sridarran ◽  
Kaushal Keraminiyage ◽  
Leon Herszon
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Effective Practices ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complex Projects ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Improve Cost

Purpose Project-based industries face major challenges in controlling project cost and completing within the budget. This is a critical issue as it often connects to the main objectives of any project. However, accurate estimation at the beginning of the project is difficult. Scholars argue that project complexity is a major contributor to cost estimation inaccuracies. Therefore, recognising the priorities of acknowledging complexity dimensions in cost estimation across similar industries is beneficial in identifying effective practices to reduce cost implications. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to identify the level of importance given to different complexity dimensions in cost estimation and to recognise best practices to improve cost estimation accuracy. Design/methodology/approach An online questionnaire survey was conducted among professionals including estimators, project managers, and quantity surveyors to rank the identified complexity dimensions based on their impacts in cost estimation accuracy. Besides, in-depth interviews were conducted among experts and practitioners from different industries, in order to extract effective practices to improve the cost estimation process of complex projects. Findings Study results show that risk, project and product size, and time frame are the high-impact complexity dimensions on cost estimation, which need more attention in reducing unforeseen cost implications. Moreover, study suggests that implementing a knowledge sharing system will be beneficial to acquire reliable and adequate information for cost estimation. Further, appropriate staffing, network enhancement, risk management, and circumspect estimation are some of the suggestions to improve cost estimation of complex projects. Originality/value The study finally provides suggestions to improve cost estimation in complex projects. Further, the results are expected to be beneficial to learn lessons from different industries and to exchange best practices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document