scholarly journals Distribution and Diversity of Benthic Marine Macroalgae in Islands around Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Ahmed Al-AShwal ◽  
Noora Al-Naimi ◽  
Jassim Al-Khayat ◽  
Bruno Giraldes ◽  
Najat Al-Omari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Marine Zone

Extending into the Arabian Gulf, Qatar is surrounded by a number of islands mostly scattered by the eastern coastline. With the unique physical characteristics of the Gulf, which is a highly saline sea with high seawater temperatures, there is an urge need to investigate the macroalgae living in such harsh environment. Macroalgae plays an important role in the food web as they are primary producers and providers of food for other organisms. They also provide shelter and habitat in the marine ecosystem for herbivorous fish and other invertebrate animals. Additionally, macroalgae plays an outstanding role in reducing CO2 from the atmosphere and increasing the level of dissolved oxygen in their immediate environment. However, there are few studies on marine macroalgae in Qatar and no previous studies found related to macroalgae from the islands around Qatar. The present work contributes to the macroalgae research by providing the first survey of distribution and diversity of benthic marine macroalgae in islands around Qatar. The marine benthic green, red and brown macroalgae of intertidal and subtidal in marine zone areas around Qatar were collected during Qatar’s Islands project, which started 2018. The collected macroalgae are documented and a total of 67 species of macroalgae are recorded for all islands around Qatar, 24 Chlorophyta (Green algae), 25 Rhodophyta (Red algae) and 18 species Phaeophyta (Brown algae). The Red algae are dominant taxon in term of species richness, accounting for an average of 37% of the species at all study sites. The islands which had more species are Al-Beshaireya 58 Species, Al-Aaliya 53 Species, Sheraouh 48 Species, Janan 43 Species and Bu Felaita 37 Species. Our results show that islands located at eastern and southeastern coast of Qatar have more diversity of algae species than those located at the western and northwestern coast.

scholarly journals Macroalgae

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Leonel Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Green Macroalgae ◽  
Red Macroalgae ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Green Pigments

What are algae? Algae are organisms that perform photosynthesis; that is, they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen (therefore they have chlorophyll, a group of green pigments used by photosynthetic organisms that convert sunlight into energy via photosynthesis) and live in water or in humid places. Algae have great variability and are divided into microalgae, small in size and only visible through a microscope, and macroalgae, which are larger in size, up to more than 50 m (the maximum recorded was 65 m), and have a greater diversity in the oceans. Thus, the term “algae” is commonly used to refer to “marine macroalgae or seaweeds”. It is estimated that 1800 different brown macroalgae, 6200 red macroalgae, and 1800 green macroalgae are found in the marine environment. Although the red algae are more diverse, the brown ones are the largest.

Mechanistic interpretation of carbon isotope discrimination by marine macroalgae and seagrasses

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Raven ◽  
Andrew M. Johnston ◽  
Janet E. Kübler ◽  
Rebecca Korb ◽  
Shona G. McInroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Green Macroalgae ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Δ13c Value ◽  
Co2 Concentrating Mechanisms ◽  
Plocamium Cartilagineum

The literature, and previously unpublished data from the authors’ laboratories, shows that the δ13C of organic matter in marine macroalgae and seagrasses collected from the natural environment ranges from –3 to –35‰. While some marine macroalgae have δ13C values ranging over more than 10‰ within the thallus of an individual (some brown macroalgae), in other cases the range within a species collected over a very wide geographical range is only 5‰ (e.g. the red alga Plocamium cartilagineum which has values between –30 and –35‰). The organisms with very negative δ13C (lower than –30‰) are mainly subtidal red algae, with some intertidal red algae and a few green algae; those with very positive δ13C values (higher than –10‰) are mainly green macroalgae and seagrasses, with some red and brown macroalgae. The δ13C value correlates primarily with taxonomy and secondarily with ecology. None of the organisms with δ13C values lower than –30‰ have pyrenoids. Previous work showed a good correlation between δ13C values lower than –30‰ and the lack of CO2 concentrating mechanisms for several species of marine red algae. The extent to which the low δ13C values are confined to organisms with diffusive CO2 entry is discussed. Diffusive CO2 entry could also occur in organisms with higher δ13C values if diffusive conductance was relatively low. The photosynthesis of organisms with δ13C values more positive than –10‰ (i.e. more positive than the δ13C of CO2 in seawater) must involve HCO3- use.

scholarly journals Diversity, Concentration and Dynamics of Culturable Fungal Bioaerosols at Doha, Qatar

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Raghdaa K. Fayad ◽  
Roda F. Al-Thani ◽  
Fatima A. Al-Naemi ◽  
Mohammed H. Abu-Dieyeh
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Future Work

This research was conducted to investigate the dynamics of airborne fungi using viable culture collection and in respect to different abiotic variables, including seasonal and intra-diurnal variations. A gravimetric method was used to sample airborne fungal deposition on potato dextrose agar plates on alternate days, for a year between April 2015 to March 2016. From 176 settle plate exposures, a total of 1197 mould and 283 yeast colony-forming units (CFU), 21 genera and 62 species were retrieved. The highest fungal spore count was recorded in February 2016, whereas the lowest count occurred in August 2015. The main constituents of the fungal airspora were attributed to Cladosporium (60.2%), Aspergillus (10.4%), Fusarium (9.4%), Alternaria (8.5%), and Ganoderma spp. (2.3%). Temperature was negatively correlated with total colony count (r = −0.231, p ≤ 0.05) or species richness (r = −0.267, p ≤ 0.001), while wind speed was positively correlated with total colony count (r = 0.484, p ≤ 0.001) or species richness (r = 0.257, p ≤ −0.001). The highest dispersal of fungal spores was obtained at 18:00, whereas the lowest fungal spores release was recorded at 00:00 (midnight). There were no significant differences in species composition and richness of the airborne fungal population between two study sites, the Industrial area and Qatar University Campus. The count of Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. were significantly higher at the Industrial area site, which corresponds to a higher CO2 level than the Qatar University site. This study lays the foundation for future work to assess the implications of such aeromycological data on public health.

scholarly journals Plant Part Age and Size Affect Sessile Macrobenthic Assemblages Associated with a Foliose Red Algae Phycodrys rubens in the White Sea

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Chava ◽  
Anna Artemieva ◽  
Eugeniy Yakovis
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Total Cover ◽  
Macrobenthic Assemblages

Facilitation by foundation species commonly structures terrestrial and marine communities. Intraspecific variation in individual properties of these strong facilitators can affect the whole suite of the dependent taxa. Marine macroalgae often act as ecosystem engineers, providing shelter and substrate for numerous associated organisms. Epibiosis of foliose red algae, however, remains underexplored, especially in the high latitudes. Here we studied sessile macrobenthic assemblages associated with a foliose red algae Phycodrys rubens in the White Sea (66° N) shallow subtidal, and the effect of individual plant properties on their structure. The blades of P. rubens develop annually, and it is possible to tell the young (usually larger) plant parts from the old ones. We hypothesized that epibenthic community structure depends on plant part age and size. We examined epibiosis on 110 plants at two sites, and the results generally supported our hypotheses. Old plant parts were several times smaller, and had higher total cover than young parts. Sponges strongly dominated the epibiosis on old parts, and young parts were dominated by polychaetes and bryozoans. Plant part surface area negatively correlated with total cover on young parts, while on old parts the relatioship was location-specific. On young parts the relative abundance of a polychaete Circeis armoricana increased with surface area, and the proportion of sponges decreased. The patterns indicate that epibenthic community structure is linked to the demography of an ecosystem engineer.

scholarly journals Natural Products of Marine Macroalgae from South Eastern Australia, with Emphasis on the Port Phillip Bay and Heads Regions of Victoria

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Lever ◽  
Robert Brkljača ◽  
Gerald Kraft ◽  
Sylvia Urban
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Different Types

Marine macroalgae occurring in the south eastern region of Victoria, Australia, consisting of Port Phillip Bay and the heads entering the bay, is the focus of this review. This area is home to approximately 200 different species of macroalgae, representing the three major phyla of the green algae (Chlorophyta), brown algae (Ochrophyta) and the red algae (Rhodophyta), respectively. Over almost 50 years, the species of macroalgae associated and occurring within this area have resulted in the identification of a number of different types of secondary metabolites including terpenoids, sterols/steroids, phenolic acids, phenols, lipids/polyenes, pheromones, xanthophylls and phloroglucinols. Many of these compounds have subsequently displayed a variety of bioactivities. A systematic description of the compound classes and their associated bioactivities from marine macroalgae found within this region is presented.

Potensi Makroalga di Paparan Terumbu Karang Perairan Teluk Lampung

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Coastal Ecosystem ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Average Biomass ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Base Substrate

<strong>The Potency of Macroalgae in the Reef Flat of Lampung Bay.</strong> Lampung Bay is a strategic area that develops quite rapidly. This condition will put pressure on the coastal ecosystem as the estuary of all activities from surrounding areas. Macroalgae, which is one component of the coastal ecosystem, is also under pressure. Therefore, we need to know the species richness, potency, and macroalgae life characteristics in Lampung Bay waters. The study was conducted in March 2009, in eight locations, namely Piabung, Klagian, Pancur, Limbungan, Puhawang Barat, Puhawang Timur, Puhawang Kecil, and Kalangan. The macroalgae samples were collected by the quadratic transect method. The parameters observed were species, biomass, substrate, and macroalgae life form. A total of 27 macroalgae species were identified consisting of three divisions and 17 genera. Division Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, and Rhodophyta each consisted of nine species. Nineteen species were macroalgae that have important economic values. The highest number of macroalgae species was found in Pancur, while the lowest was in Kalangan. The genera that dominated the study sites were Halimeda and Caulerpa. The highest average biomass was found in Pancur with 675.5 g/m2, whereas in Kalangan there was no macroalgae observed. The base substrate was dominated by sand. The condition of the base substrate affects the number of species and the nature of macroalgae life. In general, macroalgae resources in the waters of Lampung Bay are not potential to be developed, but Sargassum in Pancur has the potential to be developed as seeds.

scholarly journals Marine benthic algal flora of Ascension Island, South Atlantic

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Tsiamis ◽  
Akira F. Peters ◽  
Dawn M. Shewring ◽  
Aldo O. Asensi ◽  
Pieter Van West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Red Macroalgae ◽  
Ascension Island ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
First Time

This paper provides a comprehensive checklist of the marine benthic macroalgal flora of Ascension Island (tropical South Atlantic Ocean), based on both new collections and previous literature. 82 marine macroalgae were identified from our work, including 18 green algae (Ulvophyceae), 15 brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and 49 red algae (Rhodophyta). Among our collections, 38 species and infraspecific taxa are reported for the first time from Ascension Island, including seven green, three brown and 28 red macroalgae, raising the total number of seaweeds recorded in Ascension so far to 112 taxa in species and infraspecific level. No seagrasses have been recorded at Ascension Island.

scholarly journals Ecological Distribution of Protosteloid Amoebae in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Zahn ◽  
Stephen L. Stevenson ◽  
Frederick W. Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Sites

During the period of March 2004 to December 2007, samples of aerial litter (dead but still attached plant parts) and ground litter were collected from study sites representing a wide range of latitudes (34° S to 50° S) and a variety of different types of habitats throughout New Zealand (including Stewart Island and the Auckland Islands). The objective was to survey the assemblages of protosteloid amoebae present in this region of the world. Twenty-nine described species of protosteloid amoebae were recorded, along with the heterolobesean acrasid, Acrasis rosea. Of the species recovered, Protostelium mycophaga was by far the most abundant and was found in more than half of all samples. Most species were found in fewer than 10% of the samples collected. Seven abundant or common species were found to display significant preferences for aerial litter or ground litter microhabitats. There was some evidence of a general pattern of a decrease in species richness and diversity with increasing latitude and precipitation and elevation.

Non-indigenous marine macroalgae in native communities: a case study in the British Isles

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Mineur ◽  
Mark P. Johnson ◽  
Christine A. Maggs
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

It has traditionally been considered that areas with high natural species richness are likely to be more resistant to non-indigenous species than those with lower numbers of species. However, this theory has been the subject of a debate over the last decade, since some studies have shown the opposite trend. In the present study, a macroalgal survey was carried out at 24 localities in Northern Ireland and southern England, using a quadrat approach in the lower littoral. The two opposing hypotheses were tested (negative versus positive relationship between native and non-indigenous species richness) in this marine environment. The effect of the presence of ‘impacts’, potential sources of disturbance and species introduction (e.g. marina, harbour or aquaculture), was also tested. A positive relationship was found between the number of non-indigenous species and the native species richness at the three different scales tested (quadrats, sites and localities). At no scale did a richer native assemblage appear to restrict the establishment of introduced species. The analyses revealed greater species richness and different community composition, as well as more non-indigenous species, in southern England relative to Northern Ireland. The presence of the considered impacts had an effect on the community composition and species richness in southern England but not in Northern Ireland. Such impacts had no effect on the non-indigenous species richness in either area.

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