Marine Macroalgae in Qatar Marine Zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 363-410
Author(s):  
Aisha A. Al Ashwal ◽  
Ekhlas M. M. Abdelbary
Keyword(s):  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Marine Zone

scholarly journals Distribution and Diversity of Benthic Marine Macroalgae in Islands around Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Ahmed Al-AShwal ◽  
Noora Al-Naimi ◽  
Jassim Al-Khayat ◽  
Bruno Giraldes ◽  
Najat Al-Omari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Marine Zone

Extending into the Arabian Gulf, Qatar is surrounded by a number of islands mostly scattered by the eastern coastline. With the unique physical characteristics of the Gulf, which is a highly saline sea with high seawater temperatures, there is an urge need to investigate the macroalgae living in such harsh environment. Macroalgae plays an important role in the food web as they are primary producers and providers of food for other organisms. They also provide shelter and habitat in the marine ecosystem for herbivorous fish and other invertebrate animals. Additionally, macroalgae plays an outstanding role in reducing CO2 from the atmosphere and increasing the level of dissolved oxygen in their immediate environment. However, there are few studies on marine macroalgae in Qatar and no previous studies found related to macroalgae from the islands around Qatar. The present work contributes to the macroalgae research by providing the first survey of distribution and diversity of benthic marine macroalgae in islands around Qatar. The marine benthic green, red and brown macroalgae of intertidal and subtidal in marine zone areas around Qatar were collected during Qatar’s Islands project, which started 2018. The collected macroalgae are documented and a total of 67 species of macroalgae are recorded for all islands around Qatar, 24 Chlorophyta (Green algae), 25 Rhodophyta (Red algae) and 18 species Phaeophyta (Brown algae). The Red algae are dominant taxon in term of species richness, accounting for an average of 37% of the species at all study sites. The islands which had more species are Al-Beshaireya 58 Species, Al-Aaliya 53 Species, Sheraouh 48 Species, Janan 43 Species and Bu Felaita 37 Species. Our results show that islands located at eastern and southeastern coast of Qatar have more diversity of algae species than those located at the western and northwestern coast.

Struktur Makroalga Pada Ekosistem Lamun Di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara (Structure of Macroalgae in Seagrass Ecosystems at South Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Irawaty Mertosono ◽  
Ratna Siahaan ◽  
Pience Maabuat
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems ◽  
Biodiversity Decline

Struktur Makroalga Pada Ekosistem Lamun Di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara(Structure of Macroalgae in Seagrass Ecosystems at South TabukanDistrict, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi) Irawaty A. Mertosono1), Ratna Siahaan1*) Pience V. Maabuat1)1)Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi:[email protected] Diterima  15 Februari 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 28 Februari  2019 Abstrak Makroalga laut merupakan tumbuhan laut yang tidak memiliki akar, batang, maupun daun sejati. Kegiatan manusia berupa pemanfaatan makroalga, konversi lahan, dan transportasi laut dapat menjadi penyebab penurunan biodiversitas makroalga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur dan distribusi makroalga pada ekosistem lamun di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara. Lokasi penelitian di tiga stasiun penelitian yaitu Pantai Karurung - Desa Salurang, Pantai Palareng - Desa Palareng dan Pantai Galoghong – Desa Batuwingkung. Penelitian dilakukan pada November-Desember 2018 dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode garis transek (line transect) dengan teknik pencuplikan kuadrat. Makroalga yang ditemukan sebanyak 36 spesies yang terdiri atas 25 spesies Divisi Chlorophyta, sembilan (9) spesies Divisi Rhodophyta dan dua (2) spesies Divisi Phaeophyta. Makroalga Bornetella nitida memiliki Indeks Nilai Penting 39, 24% mendominasi di lokasi penelitian. Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’) spesies makroalga di Stasiun I (H’:3,02) tergolong tinggi sedangkan pada Stasiun II (H’:2,86)  dan Stasiun III (H’:2,63) tergolong sedang. Secara keseluruhan, keanekaragaman spesies makroalga di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatang tergolong tinggi (H’:3,00). Kata kunci:   struktur makroalga, Pantai Karurung, Pantai Palareng, Pantai Galoghong,Tabukan Selatan Abstract Marine macroalgae are marine plant-like organisms that has no true roots, stems, or leaves. The human ativities of macroalgae utilization, land conversion, and sea transportation can cause of macroalgae biodiversity decline. The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure and distribution of macroalgae in seagrass ecosystems at South Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi. The research locations were at three research stations, i.e. Karurung Beach - Salurang Village, Palareng Beach - Palareng Village and Galoghong Beach - Batuwingkung Village. The study was conducted in November-December 2018 with line transect method sampling and quadrate sampling technique. Macroalgae were 36 species consists of 25 species of Chlorophyta Division, nine (9) species of Rhodophyta Division and two (2) species of Phaeophyta Division. Macroalga Bornetella nitida had Importance Value Index 39.24% that dominated research locations. The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity Index (H’) of macroalgae species at Station I (H': 3.02) was classified as high while Station II (H': 2.86) and Station III (H ': 2.63) were moderate. Overall, macroalgae species diversity at Tabukan Selatang District was high (H’: 3.00). Keywords: Macroalgae structure, Macroalgae distribution, Karurung Beach, Palareng Beach, Galoghong Beach, South Tabukan

scholarly journals Assessing the Conversion of Various Nylon Polymers in the Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Macroalgae

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Sukanya Hongthong ◽  
Hannah S. Leese ◽  
Michael J. Allen ◽  
Christopher J. Chuck
Keyword(s):  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Fucus Serratus ◽  
Nylon 12 ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Real Challenge

Marine macroalgae offers a promising third generation feedstock for the production of fuels and chemicals, avoiding competition with conventional agriculture and potentially helping to improve eutrophication in seas and oceans. However, an increasing amount of plastic is distributed into the oceans, and as such contaminating macroalgal beds. One of the major plastic contaminants is nylon 6 derived from discarded fishing gear, though an increasing amount of alternative nylon polymers, derived from fabrics, are also observed. This study aimed to assess the effect of these nylon contaminants on the hydrothermal liquefaction of Fucus serratus. The hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of macroalgae was undertaken at 350 °C for 10 min, with a range of nylon polymers (nylon 6, nylon 6/6, nylon 12 and nylon 6/12), in the blend of 5, 20 and 50 wt.% nylon to biomass; 17 wt.% biocrude was achieved from a 50% blend of nylon 6 with F. serratus. In addition, nylon 6 completely broke down in the system producing the monomer caprolactam. The suitability of converting fishing gear was further demonstrated by conversion of actual fishing line (nylon 6) with the macroalgae, producing an array of products. The alternative nylon polymer blends were less reactive, with only 54% of the nylon 6/6 breaking down under the HTL conditions, forming cyclopentanone which distributed into the biocrude phase. Nylon 6/12 and nylon 12 were even less reactive, and only traces of the monomer cyclododecanone were observed in the biocrude phase. This study demonstrates that while nylon 6 derived from fishing gear can be effectively integrated into a macroalgal biorefinery, alternative nylon polymers from other sectors are too stable to be converted under these conditions and present a real challenge to a macroalgal biorefinery.

scholarly journals The Prospective Use of Brazilian Marine Macroalgae in Schistosomiasis Control

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Erika M. Stein ◽  
Sara G. Tajú ◽  
Patrícia A. Miyasato ◽  
Rafaela P. de Freitas ◽  
Lenita de F. Tallarico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Correlation Tests

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects more than 250 million people. The treatment is limited to praziquantel and the control of the intermediate host with the highly toxic molluscicidal niclosamide. Marine algae are a poorly explored and promising alternative that can provide lead compounds, and the use of multivariate analysis could contribute to quicker discovery. As part of our search for new natural compounds with which to control schistosomiasis, we screened 45 crude extracts obtained from 37 Brazilian seaweed species for their molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata embryos and schistosomicidal activities against Schistosoma mansoni. Two sets of extracts were taxonomically grouped for metabolomic analysis. The extracts were analyzed by GC–MS, and the data were subjected to Pattern Hunter and Pearson correlation tests. Overall, 22 species (60%) showed activity in at least one of the two models. Multivariate analysis pointed towards 3 hits against B. glabrata veliger embryos in the Laurencia/Laurenciella set, 5 hits against B. glabrata blastula embryos, and 31 against S. mansoni in the Ochrophyta set. Preliminary annotations suggested some compounds such as triquinane alcohols, prenylated guaianes, dichotomanes, and xenianes. Despite the putative identification, this work presents potential candidates and can guide future isolation and identification.

Effect of caffeine on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of marine macroalgae

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Ira Gray ◽  
Lindsay A. Green-Gavrielidis ◽  
Carol Thornber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Caffeine is present in coastal environments worldwide and there is a need to assess its impact on marine organisms. Here, we exposed two species of ecologically important marine macroalgae (Chondrus crispus and Codium fragile subsp. fragile) to a suite of caffeine concentrations and measured their response. Caffeine concentrations of 10–100 ng L−1 had no significant effect on the growth rate or photosynthetic efficiency of either algae. Extremely high concentrations (100–200 mg L−1), which may occur acutely, produced sublethal effects for both species and mortality in C. fragile subsp. fragile. Our results highlight the need to understand how caffeine impacts marine species.

scholarly journals Macroalgae

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Leonel Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Green Macroalgae ◽  
Red Macroalgae ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Green Pigments

What are algae? Algae are organisms that perform photosynthesis; that is, they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen (therefore they have chlorophyll, a group of green pigments used by photosynthetic organisms that convert sunlight into energy via photosynthesis) and live in water or in humid places. Algae have great variability and are divided into microalgae, small in size and only visible through a microscope, and macroalgae, which are larger in size, up to more than 50 m (the maximum recorded was 65 m), and have a greater diversity in the oceans. Thus, the term “algae” is commonly used to refer to “marine macroalgae or seaweeds”. It is estimated that 1800 different brown macroalgae, 6200 red macroalgae, and 1800 green macroalgae are found in the marine environment. Although the red algae are more diverse, the brown ones are the largest.

scholarly journals Algal magnetic nickel oxide nanocatalyst in accelerated synthesis of pyridopyrimidine derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Moavi ◽  
Foad Buazar ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Sayahi
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Coating Agent ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Nio Nps

AbstractThis research presents a novel biological route for the biosynthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) using marine macroalgae extract as a reducing and coating agent under optimized synthesis conditions. XRD and TEM analyses revealed that phytosynthesized NiO NPs are crystalline in nature with a spherical shape having a mean particle size of 32.64 nm. TGA results indicated the presence of marine-derived organic constituents on the surface of NiO NPs. It is found that biogenic NiO NPs with BET surface area of 45.59 m2g−1 is a highly efficient catalyst for benign one-pot preparation of pyridopyrimidine derivatives using aqueous reaction conditions. This environmentally friendly procedure takes considerable advantages of shorter reaction times, excellent product yields (up to 96%), magnetically viable nanocatalyst (7 runs), low catalyst loadings, and free toxic chemical reagents.

scholarly journals Searching for Molecules against Cancer in the Azores: Plants, Macroalgae, and Synthetic Compounds

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Maria do Carmo Barreto ◽  
Vera Lúcia Gouveia ◽  
Gonçalo Pereira Rosa ◽  
Ana Maria Loureiro Seca
Keyword(s):  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Azores Islands ◽  
The Rich

Pursuing the goal of finding active molecules against cancer using various approaches, wefocused on natural-based scaffolds in terrestrial plants and in marine macroalgae, taking advantageof the rich biodiversity of the Azores islands. [...]

Chemistry of oxylipin pathways in marine diatoms

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Fontana ◽  
Giuliana d'Ippolito ◽  
Adele Cutignano ◽  
Antonio Miralto ◽  
Adrianna Ianora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Marine Diatoms ◽  
Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

Oxylipins are important signal transduction molecules widely distributed in animals and plants where they regulate a variety of events associated with physiological and pathological processes. The family embraces several different metabolites that share a common origin from the oxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The biological role of these compounds has been especially studied in mammalians and higher plants, although a varied and very high concentration of these products has also been reported from marine macroalgae. This article gives a summary of our results concerning the oxylipin chemistry of marine diatoms, a major class of planktonic microalgae that discourage predation from their natural grazers, zooplanktonic copepods, using chemical warfare. These apparently harmless microscopic cells produce a plethora of oxylipins, including short-chain unsaturated aldehydes, hydroxyl-, keto-, and epoxyhydroxy fatty acid derivatives, that induce reproductive failure in copepods through abortions, congenital malformations, and reduced larval growth. The biochemical process involved in the production of these compounds shows a simple regulation based on decompartmentation and mixing of preexisting enzymes and requires hydrolysis of chloroplast-derived glycolipids to feed the downstream activities of C16 and C20 lipoxygenases.

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