scholarly journals Enhancing Pedestrian Safety through the Development of Advanced Operational Strategies for Crosswalks in Residential Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinaat Hussain ◽  
Wael Alhajyaseen ◽  
Mohamed Kharbeche
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable group in the traffic. Every year approximately 40,000 pedestrians are killed in the world due to road traffic crashes. In the state of Qatar, the situations are even worse with around one-third of the total road traffic deaths coming from pedestrians. The main aim of this driving simulator study was to investigate the impact of different measures on driving behavior. To this end, five different treatments were tested and compared with the untreated condition. The treatment conditions included two detection-based measures (i.e., Variable Message Sign VMS and LED), two different road-marking conditions (i.e., Zigzag marking and road narrowing marking) and a physical road narrowing condition. Each condition was tested with a yield/stop controlled marked crosswalk for two situations. In the first situation (Situation PA) there was no pedestrian at the crosswalk, while the second situation was based on the presence of a pedestrian (Situation PP). The experiment was conducted using the driving simulator at Qatar University. Sixty-one volunteers possessing a valid Qatari driving license participated in the study. The collected data was analyzed for drivers’ yielding rates, vehicle-pedestrian interactions, and driving speed. The results showed that the three conditions, i.e., VMS, Narrowing and Physical were effective in improving drivers’ yielding rate up to 98.2%. In addition, we found that all the treatment conditions were effective in reducing drivers’ travel speed in Situation PP. Nevertheless, in the situation with no pedestrian present, the physical road narrowing outperformed the other conditions in terms of reducing travel speed. Taking into account the results from this study, we recommend Physical condition as a potentially effective and low-cost treatment for improving safety at yield/stop controlled crosswalks.

scholarly journals Using the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference Systems to Compare the Impact of Speed and Space Perception on the Occurrence of Road Traffic Accidents

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1548
Author(s):  
Marjana Čubranić-Dobrodolac ◽  
Libor Švadlenka ◽  
Svetlana Čičević ◽  
Aleksandar Trifunović ◽  
Momčilo Dobrodolac
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
The Impact

A constantly increasing number of deaths on roads forces analysts to search for models that predict the driver’s propensity for road traffic accidents (RTAs). This paper aims to examine a relationship between the speed and space assessment capabilities of drivers in terms of their association with the occurrence of RTAs. The method used for this purpose is based on the implementation of the interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference System (T2FIS). The inputs to the first T2FIS relate to the speed assessment capabilities of drivers. These capabilities were measured in the experiment with 178 young drivers, with test speeds of 30, 50, and 70 km/h. The participants assessed the aforementioned speed values from four different observation positions in the driving simulator. On the other hand, the inputs of the second T2FIS are space assessment capabilities. The same group of drivers took two types of space assessment tests—2D and 3D. The third considered T2FIS sublimates of all previously mentioned inputs in one model. The output in all three T2FIS structures is the number of RTAs experienced by a driver. By testing three proposed T2FISs on the empirical data, the result of the research indicates that the space assessment characteristics better explain participation in RTAs compared to the speed assessment capabilities. The results obtained are further confirmed by implementing a multiple regression analysis.

Environmental Noise and Annoyance in the Urban Area at Different Time Intervals

2014 ◽  
Vol 617 ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubica Argalášová ◽  
Jana Jurkovičová ◽  
Ludmila Ševčíková ◽  
Zuzana Štefániková ◽  
Katarína Hirošová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Impact

Environmental (community) noise, particularly road traffic noise, has attracted widespread attention in recent decades as a major environmental health concern. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of environmental noise on psychosocial well-being of young healthy individuals and to follow the time trends of exposure in the period of 10, 15, 20, 25 years. The validated methodology was used to assess noise annoyance, interference with activities and sleep disturbance; the objectification of noise levels was done by direct measurement using sound level analyzer with a module for frequency analysis. The results revealed the sharp increase during the years 1989 and 1999 (the period of political and socio-economic transformation and the changes in traffic management) and the decrease in the year 2013. The findings of our study indicate the need for preventive measures to reduce environmental noise exposure in residential areas and to emphasize the importance of the elaboration of methods for environmental noise exposure risk assessment.

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Connected and Automated Vehicles on Signalized and Unsignalized Intersections Safety in Mixed Traffic

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Amirhosein Karbasi ◽  
Steve O’Hern
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
The Impact

Road traffic crashes are a major safety problem, with one of the leading factors in crashes being human error. Automated and connected vehicles (CAVs) that are equipped with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are expected to reduce human error. In this paper, the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) traffic simulator is used to investigate how CAVs impact road safety. In order to define the longitudinal behavior of Human Drive Vehicles (HDVs) and CAVs, car-following models, including the Krauss, the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM), and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) car-following models were used to simulate CAVs. Surrogate safety measures were utilized to analyze CAVs’ safety impact using time-to-collision. Two case studies were evaluated: a signalized grid network that included nine intersections, and a second network consisting of an unsignalized intersection. The results demonstrate that CAVs could potentially reduce the number of conflicts based on each of the car following model simulations and the two case studies. A secondary finding of the research identified additional safety benefits of vehicles equipped with collision avoidance control, through the reduction in rear-end conflicts observed for the CACC car-following model.

scholarly journals The Impact of Musculoskeletal Injuries Sustained in Road Traffic Crashes on Work-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11504
Author(s):  
Elise M. Gane ◽  
Melanie L. Plinsinga ◽  
Charlotte L. Brakenridge ◽  
Esther J. Smits ◽  
Tammy Aplin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Impact

Musculoskeletal injuries occur frequently after road traffic crashes (RTCs), and the effect on work participation is not fully understood. The primary aim of this review was to determine the impact of sustaining a musculoskeletal injury during an RTC on the rate of return to work (RTW), sick leave, and other work outcomes. The secondary aim was to determine factors associated with these work-related outcomes. An electronic search of relevant databases to identify observational studies related to work and employment, RTC, and musculoskeletal injuries was conducted. Where possible, outcome data were pooled by follow-up period to answer the primary aim. Fifty-three studies were included in this review, of which 28 were included in meta-analyses. The pooled rate of RTW was 70% at 1 month, 67% at 3 months, 76% at 6 months, 83% at 12 months, and 70% at 24 months. Twenty-seven percent of participants took some sick leave by one month follow-up, 13% by 3 months, 23% by 6 months, 36% by 12 months, and 22% by 24 months. Most of the factors identified as associated with work outcomes were health-related, with some evidence also for sociodemographic factors. While 70% of people with RTC-related musculoskeletal injury RTW shortly after accident, many still have not RTW two years later.

Evaluating the impact of penalising the use of mobile phones while driving on road traffic fatalities, serious injuries and mobile phone use: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-385
Author(s):  
Bjørn Olsson ◽  
Hannah Pütz ◽  
Fabian Reitzug ◽  
David K Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundA vast literature has demonstrated that using mobile phones while driving increases the risk of road traffic crashes. In response, policy-makers have introduced bans and harsher penalties on using mobile phones while driving. Even though emerging evidence suggests that such measures may reduce mobile phone use and crashes, the literature has not been systematically reviewed and synthesised.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of penalising mobile phone use while driving on road traffic fatalities, serious injuries and the prevalence of mobile phone use while driving.MethodsWe employed a comprehensive search strategy using electronic databases, websites, handsearching and other sources to locate studies evaluating legislation on mobile phone use while driving. Randomised controlled trials, interrupted time series’, controlled before–after studies with control(s) not exposed to harsher sanctions and panel data designs were included if they measured the outcomes of fatalities, serious injuries or the prevalence of mobile phone use while driving. Eligible studies were critically appraised. Due to substantial heterogeneity, the results were synthesised narratively. The synthesis structured studies according to the type of legislation and outcome measure.ResultsOf the 7420 studies retrieved, 32 were included. The evidence on the effects of penalising mobile phone use while driving was weak, and somewhat inconsistent, but pointed to a potential decrease in the prevalence of mobile phone use and fatalities for all-driver primary enforcement hand-held bans and texting bans.ConclusionsPreventing fatalities from risky driving practices may be helped by implementing harsher laws that penalise mobile phone use while driving.

scholarly journals Environmental noise levels and noise annoyance in Novi Sad, 2012-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Zivadinovic ◽  
M Jevtic ◽  
N Dragic ◽  
S Bijelovic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Increased noise level represents a significant public health problem in urban environments. The aim of this paper is to examine the annoyance of the population by road traffic noise in the City of Novi Sad. Methods The results of 161 24-hour noise measurements in Novi Sad were analyzed. Measurements were done by Public Health Institute of Vojvodina, according to accredited and standardized national methodology during 2012 - 2016. Results Total noise indicator (Lden) / night noise indicator (Lnight) ranged from 61,1 dB / 50,7 dB in residential, up to 66,3 dB / 58,1 dB in recreation / hospital areas, 68,0 dB / 60,3 dB in city traffic areas and 70,2 dB / 62,7 dB in business and residential areas. Taking into account the results and using methodology prescribed by national regulations, the percentage of highly annoyed population (% HA) was found to be in the range 11-25% during the day, and 6-13% during the night. Using ISO 1996-1:2016, prevalence of a population highly annoyed (PHA) was established to be in the range 9,2-33,9% in residential; 18,4-45,7% in recreation / hospital areas 22,9-50,6 in city traffic; 27,7-55,4% in business and residential areas. Conclusions The results confirm that urban noise seriously disturbs people. It was established that about a half of the population was highly annoyed which poses a serious challenge for public health. The results have social, health and economic importance for the population. Activities to reduce the noise level could also stimulate economic, health, social and community programs for sustainable development aiming to preserve and improve human health. Acknowledgment: Supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia - Project “Biosensing Technologies and Global System for Continuous Research and Integrated Management”, No.43002 Key messages Continous noise monitoring is important for understanding the impact of noise on human health. About a half of the population was highly annoyed by noise, which poses a big challenge for public health in urban areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors associated with self-reported noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law while driving among adults in Kuwait

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem Ridha ◽  
Fahed Bouzaber ◽  
Maryam Al-Sallal ◽  
Aisha Almutairi ◽  
Reem Al-dhubaiei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of self-reported noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law and examined the factors associated with noncompliance with seatbelt-use while driving in adult working population in Kuwait. Methods During October 2017, 822 adults aged 21–60 years from 11 government ministries and departments were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured, and self-administered questionnaire. We computed the prevalence of self-reported noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law while driving and evaluated the factors associated with noncompliance with seatbelt-use law while driving using a multivariable log-binomial regression model. The adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using model’s parameters’ estimates. Results Of 822 participants, 64.4% were females, 56.6% were 21 to 30 years old, 86.5% were Kuwaitis, and 70.3% had college and/or university level education. The prevalence of self-reported noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law while driving was 55.5%, whereas the prevalence of noncompliance with self-reported mandatory use seatbelt as a passenger was 80.9%. Multivariable log-binomial regression model showed that after adjusting for the influence of other variables in the model, participants were more likely to be noncompliers with mandatory seatbelt law while driving, if they believed that seatbelt does not protect against injuries during road traffic crashes (RTC) (adjusted PR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.37; p = 0.004) or if they were ever fined for not wearing seatbelt (adjusted PR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.24–1.47; p <  0.001). Furthermore, participants were significantly more likely to be noncompliers with mandatory seatbelt law while driving, if they were unaware of implemented mandatory seatbelt law in Kuwait (adjusted PR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04–1.19; p = 0.003). Conclusions The prevalence of noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law in the adult working population of Kuwait is considerably high. Being unaware of mandatory seatbelt use law, belief that seatbelt does not protect during RTC, and having ever been fined in the past for not having seatbelt on while driving were significant predictors of noncompliance with seatbelt-use law. These results warrant the focused mass education and rigorous enforcement of seatbelt-use law while driving. These strategies are likely to enhance the adherence to seatbelt-use law and minimize RTCs related injuries and mortality among adult drivers in this and other similar settings in the region. If implemented, future studies may look at the impact of such interventions on RTCs related frequency and severity of injuries in this and other similar settings.

scholarly journals Study on the Impact of “Gerayo Amahoro Policy” on Road Traffic Accidents Reduction in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
JEAN DE DIEU GATESI
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Global Status ◽  
Inclusive Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The global status report on road safety declared that the number of annual road traffic deaths has reached 1.35 million. In Rwanda, considering the raising number of vehicles in line with the economy growth and the above 48.90/000 ratio of deaths per registered vehicles; the lives of people are therefore increasingly exposed to road traffic crashes. This study therefore aims to utilize statistical methods for assessing the impact of Gerayo Amahoro policy on Road Traffic Accidents reduction in Rwanda and propose counter measures that could help the decision makers in minimizing the losses caused by Road Traffic Accidents. secondary data related to road traffic accidents have been collected by using questionnaire from Rwanda National Police with the study period from 2016 up to 2020 inclusive. Analysis was done by using graphics and chi-square methods in excel and SPSS software. The results indicated that GERAYO AMAHORO policy plays the greatest role in reduction of RTAs in Rwanda due to the number of RTAs happened before the implementation of GERAYO AMAHORO which was high as compared to the total number of RTAs after implementation of GERAYO AMAHORO policy. This research conclude that negligence, over speed, bad maneuver and over drunk are mostly causes and responsible for the occurrence of RTAs in Rwanda; indicated that Vehicle types mostly related to RTAs were moto-cycles, cars and 4 wheel vehicles and the mostly victims related to RTAs were moto-cyclists, passengers and pedestrians.

scholarly journals Visual Reaction Time: A Tool for Reducing Road Traffic Collisions and Driving Simulator.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Rajdeep ◽  
Lajja Patel ◽  
Steffy CD ◽  
Preeti Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Visual Reaction Time ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Vehicular Speed ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective- Attenuating post lockdown vehicular speed by employing visual reaction time as a tool to prime the citizens for creating decorum of driving and checking the road traffic fatalities.Background- It is indispensable to curb the driving speed post lockdown to avoid accidents. Even though, the impact of inactivity on RT has been well established, an insight into the new method can deal with the gross issue of road traffic casualty worldwide. Method- Using a web-based platform (http://physicsiology.com), quantification of post lockdown speed was achieved for 643 participants under average speed before lockdown and RT measurement. Results- Compared to pre lockdown vehicular speed, reduced post lockdown speed was well calculated and suggested. Also, there was a correlation between RT, age, and days of lockdown.Conclusions- Containment of speed can be achieved to prime people through RT. Additionally, RT can determine the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) for detecting the swiftness of action (i.e., the brain's ability to deal with the transition between reaction times of different events) required for averting road traffic collisions. Compelling to suggest a need for a humanoid simulator that can garner real-time data.Application- Suggesting a fresh outlook for designing a contraption for a better appraisal of the fleet in driving skills, thus beaconing the course towards restraining road traffic fatalities

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