scholarly journals ROLE OF COLOR IN ILLUSTRATED JAIN MANUSCRIPTS (WITH REFERENCE TO ADIPURAN)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Srishti Jain
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Red Color ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Color

Color is of great importance in our India, without color, there is no basis for any object, person, color really tells us the nature of each other. The color or color refers to the color of the substance, red, yellow, blue. Depending on the combination of these, several distinctions of varna can be made. India is a religious country with different beliefs. Manuscripts have a special relationship with religion. Manuscripts are the best means of salvation for our teachers. One of them is the illustrated Jain manuscript Adipuran. The manuscript, which has been composed by Acharya Pushpadanta, depicts the life history of Lord Rishabhdev (the first Tirthankara) through paintings. The presented manuscript is stored in the scripture store of Terapanthiyan, the Digambar Jain big temple of Jaipur. Its clerical 1597 (AD 1540) is Falgun Shukla 13. Its writing work was done by a Brahmin man named Vishnudas and the paintings are made by Harinath Kayastha and his family. This 687-page manuscript has 541 colored illustrations corresponding to the biography of Tirthankara Rishabhdev. Mainly in the picture, the mineral color (made from a mixture of vegetable juices, ie the color made from the bark of clay stone trees, etc.) is the most used. Mainly ocher (red) Hironji (green) Ramaraj (yellow) ink (black) color is mainly used. The four colors used in the manuscript are symbols of Jainism, such as the red color (ocher) represents our inner vision, that is, the Siddha Parmeshti used in Jainism. Those who have attained salvation. Yellow color activates our mind. Green color gives peace. It helps in self-realization. Blue color is absorbent and does not allow the outside effect to go inside. Black color was used for writing in manuscripts. The ink for writing work was made with three methods. हमारे भारतवर्ष में रंग का बहुत महत्व है रंग के बिना किसी भी वस्तु, व्यक्ति का कोई आधार नहीं है सही मायने में रंग ही हमको एक दूसरे के स्वरूप को बताते हैं। वर्ण या रंग का अर्थ पदार्थ की रंगत से है लाल, पीला, नीला। इनके मिश्रण के आधार पर वर्ण के अनेक भेद किये जा सकते हैं। भारतदेश एक धर्म प्रधान देश है जिसमें विभिन्न मान्यतायें हैं। धर्म के साथ पाण्डुलिपियों का विशेष सम्बन्ध है पाण्डुलिपियाँ हमारे गुरूओं की मोक्ष साधना का उत्तम साधन है उनमें से एक है सचित्र जैन पाण्डुलिपि आदिपुराण। जिसकी रचना आचार्य पुष्पदंत ने की है पाण्डुलिपि में भगवान ऋषभदेव (प्रथम तीर्थंकर) के जीवन चरित को चित्रों के माध्यम से दर्शाया गया है। प्रस्तुत पाण्डुलिपि जयपुर के दिगम्बर जैन बड़ा मन्दिर तेरापंथियान के शास्त्र भण्डार में संग्रहित है। इसका लिपिकाल 1597 (ई. सन् 1540) फाल्गुन शुक्ल 13 है। इसका लेखन कार्य विश्नुदास नाम के ब्राह्मण व्यक्ति के द्वारा किया गया और चित्र हरिनाथ कायस्थ और उनके परिवार द्वारा बनाये गये हैं। 687 पृष्ठों की इस पाण्डुलिपि में तीर्थंकर ऋषभदेव के जीवनचरित के अनुरूप 541 रंगीन चित्र हैं। मुख्य रूप से चित्र में खनिज रंग (वनस्पति रसों के मिश्रण से निर्मित अर्थात् मिट्टी पत्थर वृक्षों की छाल आदि से बने रंग) का प्रयोग सर्वाधिक किया गया है। मुख्यतः गेरू (लाल) हिरोंजी (हरा) रामरज (पीला) स्याही (काला) रंग प्रमुख रूप से प्रयोग हुआ है। पाण्डुलिपि में प्रयुक्त चारों रंग जैन धर्म के प्रतीक हैं जैसे कि लाल रंग (गेरू) हमारी आंतरिक दृष्टि यानि कि जैन धर्म में प्रयुक्त सिद्ध परमेष्टी को दर्शाता है। जिन्होंने मोक्ष को प्राप्त कर लिया है। पीला रंग हमारे मन को सक्रिय करता है। हरा रंग शांति देता है। आत्मसाक्षात्कार में सहायक होता है। नीला रंग अवशोषक होता है वह बाहर के प्रभाव को अंदर नहीं जाने देता। काला रंग पाण्डुलिपियों में लेखनकार्य के लिये प्रयोग में लाया जाता था। लेखन कार्य के लिये स्याही तीन विधियों से बनायी जाती थी।

scholarly journals Color Sociology as an Iconic Pattern in the Qur'anic Discourse

2018 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-44
Author(s):  
Assist. Prof. Dr. Abdulamir Matar Fili
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Green Color ◽  
The People ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Red Color ◽  
The Social ◽  
Black Color

     The study was taken from the color sociology as a pattern of the Quran desecration as a symbol of social aspects expressed by the Color icon. The color represented a wide presence in the Quran  code by employing White color with a social multiple sign of religious, social, miraculous , description trends and case of stubborn human. The use of green color in many ways in the description of the plant is a symbol of fertility , life, miraculous  ability and description of clothes and furniture  of the people of paradise. While the yellow color is an icon color represents the non-obedience and , stinginess and description the fire of hell, miraculous ability, Torment and death. While the black color signifies the social group , doctrine , miracle and description of the case of unbelievers. While the recruitment of red color indicates the statement of ability of miracle aesthetics. The implications of the Blue color are to the description and loss of the eyes of the unbelievers.

Queering Gender Identity Work: A Life History of a Black Transgender Woman

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esethu Monakali
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

This article offers an analysis of the identity work of a black transgender woman through life history research. Identity work pertains to the ongoing effort of authoring oneself and positions the individual as the agent; not a passive recipient of identity scripts. The findings draw from three life history interviews. Using thematic analysis, the following themes emerge: institutionalisation of gender norms; gender and sexuality unintelligibility; transitioning and passing; and lastly, gender expression and public spaces. The discussion follows from a poststructuralist conception of identity, which frames identity as fluid and as being continually established. The study contends that identity work is a complex and fragmented process, which is shaped by other social identities. To that end, the study also acknowledges the role of collective agency in shaping gender identity.

The Historical Change in the Role of the Two Hungarian Words for Red (Piros and Vörös) and Their Visual Semantics

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-302
Author(s):  
Beáta Bálizs
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
International Research ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
Color Term ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Red Color ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hungarian Language

The present study summarizes the key findings of a multi-year interdisciplinary investigation, performed using specific (ethnographic, anthropological, and linguistic) research methods, into the two color terms mentioned in the title. Originally intended as empirical research involving all Hungarian color terms and individual community-dependent relationships with colors, it was eventually supplemented by a text-based examination of the history of the color terms piros and veres/vörös. A further objective was to answer questions raised in the course of international research concerning the reason for the existence of two color terms with similar meanings in the Hungarian language to denote the red color range. Earlier studies had already suggested that the modern use of vörös, which has more ancient roots in the Hungarian language, may be related to the fact that this color term was previously used more extensively. However, the present research is unique in demonstrating the substantial changes that have taken place in the Hungarian language in relation to the role and meaning of these color terms. It has already been established that the two color terms switched places historically, and that piros today fulfills precisely the same function that for centuries belonged to veres/vörös, until the color term piros began to gain ground in the 19th century.

The construction of a leadership identity based on empathy, care, and participation: María Eliana's history

2021 ◽  
pp. 174114322110380
Author(s):  
Andrea Carrasco ◽  
María E Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Life History ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Leadership Identity ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Identity Based

Recent academic research highlights the role of leadership identity when thinking about the improvement of the educational field. Based on this research, this article aims to identify and analyze the elements that affect the development of leadership identity in female school principals within the Chilean context. This is achieved by working from a biographical-narrative approach, specifically from the life history technique. This analysis emerges from a considerate reflection on the teachings, and personal and professional milestones highlighted in the biogram. Both personally and professionally, a multiplicity of elements is observed in the life history of María Eliana, influencing the development of her leadership identity, particularly highlighting her self-recognition as a woman. This identity is oriented towards social justice, based on socio-emotional tools such as care, empathy, and participation; and understands and values the role these elements must take in Chilean education. The case study presents tensions for the Chilean educational system, which must be able to address the complexities that women experience while holding leadership positions, especially when challenged with the perspective that school is an inclusive space of social justice.

The life history of Branchinecta mackini Dexter (Crustacea: Anostraca) in an argillotrophic lake of Alberta

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham R. Daborn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fairy Shrimp ◽  
Maximum Biomass ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mean Size

The life history of B. mackini was studied in a large argillotrophic lake during 1970–1972. Hatching began immediately after spring thaw and was terminated by rising salinity 10 days to 2 weeks later. Growth rates reached maxima of 1 mm/day at 4 weeks of age and then declined as mean size approached 22–23 mm at 7–8 weeks. Clutch sizes varied as a function of female length. Maximum biomass of 580 mg dry weight/m2 (2700 cal/m2) was reached in late May, of which 3.9% per day was consumed by B. gigas. Source of the energy is presumed to be a bacteria – organic matter complex associated with suspended particles. Life cycle details are compared with other fairy shrimp species and the role of B. mackini in the community is discussed.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLOR AND COLOR THERAPY

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3SE) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Red Color ◽  
The World ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Black Color ◽  
The Ideal

Many opinions about colors are popular, but most of the artists nowadays follow the opinion of Aust Wald, according to their opinion, the main colors are yellow, red, blue and green, these are four and the ideal color is eight. The first four colors are called primordial (vatpahdans) colors and the second four i.e. purple, sky, orange and dhani are called second colors (Aambavadakantal). Apart from this, there are three colors and black, white, khaki (oval), these are called neutral colors (chamanjatans), they are mostly used to decrease and increase the color of other colors. The psychological impact of these colors has on human life, which has been considered the origin of colors on this Vasundhara since the birth of creation. Since ancient times, there have been different beliefs in terms of colors, such as red color - passion and revolution, black color - inauspicious, negative, green color - optimism brings happiness, blue color - peace, white color - purity brings reconciliation etc. Through colors on the canvas of paintings, the artist, in his silent language, shapes happiness, pain, agony with his imaginations and transmits his feelings to another. These pictures have many colors, we just have to understand them. There are many colors in nature which awaken the feeling of happiness in our mind and provide new energy. In today's time, imagining a world without colors for a moment is not only difficult. While colors have a special place in life, in the world, whatever we see with our eyes, the effect of color is first visible because many colors are present in the world. रंगों के विषय में अनेक मत प्रचलित है पर आजकल के अधिकांश कलाकार आस्ट वाल्ड के मत को ही मानते है इनके मतानुसार मुख्य रंग पीला, लाल, नीला और हरा ये चार होते है और आदर्श रंग आठ होते है। प्रथम चार रंगों को मौलिक (व्तपहदंस) रंग कहते है और दूसरे चार अर्थात बैगनी, आसमानी, नारंगी और धानी को द्वितीय रंग (ैमबवदकंतल) कहते है। इनके अतिरिक्त तीन रंग और है काला, सफेद, खाकी (ळतंल) इनको तटस्थ रंग (छमनजतंस) कहते है इनका प्रयोग अधिकतर अन्य रंगों की सुषमा (ज्वदम) को घटाने और बढ़ाने में किया जाता है। इन्ही रंगों का मनौवैज्ञानिक प्रभाव मानव जीवन पर पड़ता है जो सृष्टि के जन्म से ही इस वसुन्धरा पर रंगो की उत्पत्ति का प्रार्दुभाव माना गया है। प्राचीनकाल से ही रंगो के संदर्भ में अलग-अलग मान्यतायें रही है जैसे लाल रंग - जोश एवं क्रांति, काला रंग - अशुभ, अनिष्ट, हरा रंग- आशावादिता खुशहाली, नीला रंग - शान्त, सफेद रंग - पवित्रता सुलह आदि का परिचय देता है। रंगो के माध्यम से चित्रों के कैनवास पर कलाकार अपनी मौन भाषा में खुशी, पीड़ा, व्यथा को अपनी कल्पना शक्ति से आकार प्रदान कर अपनी भावनाओं को दूसरे तक पहुंचाता है। इन चित्रों के अनेक रंग रूप होते है, हमें सिर्फ उन्हें समझना पड़ता है। प्रकृति में बहुत से रंग है जो हमारे मन में खुशी की भावना जागृत कर नई उर्जा प्रदान करते है। आज के समय में क्षण भर के लिए बिना रंगों के संसार की कल्पना कठिन ही नही असम्भव है। जहां रंगों का जीवन में विशिष्ट स्थान है वहीं संसार में हम अपनी आंखों से जो कुछ भी देखते है उनमें सबसे पहले रंग का प्रभाव दृष्टिगोचर होता है क्यांेकि सृष्टि में अनेकों रंग विधमान है।

scholarly journals Evaluation of iris color stability in ocular prosthesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo César dos Reis ◽  
Reinaldo Brito e Dias ◽  
Jose Carlos Mesquita Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Ocular Prosthesis ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Iris Color ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Ocular Prostheses

Accurate iris reproduction in the fabrication of ocular prosthesis in order to match the remaining eye is a key factor to mask the loss and achieve an esthetic outcome for anophthalmic patients. This study evaluated the stability of acrylic paints used for replicating iris color in ocular prostheses by the analysis of two factors: the temperature of the acrylic resin polymerization cycle during prosthesis fabrication and the incidence of sun light, which is the main photodegrading agent undermining the longevity of ocular prostheses. An accelerated aging assay was used for both analyses. Specimens simulating the prosthetic iris in the colors blue, yellow, black, brown and green were fabricated, and were submitted to a colorimetric reading before and after undergoing the thermal conditions of acrylic resin polymerization. Next, the specimens were submitted to an artificial accelerated aging assay with ultraviolet radiation A and weekly colorimetric readings during a 3-week period. The color change (??*) values for the four specimens painted with the same color paint were averaged and the resulting values were considered for statistical analysis. Levine's test and Student's t-test were used to analyze the influence of the temperature of the polymerization cycle during prosthesis fabrication on the color stability of each acrylic resin paint. Friedman's test for three dependent samples was used for analysis of color photodegradation as function of time. Significance level was set at 0.05 for all analyses. It was observed that, after the action of the temperature of the polymerization cycle, alteration above clinically acceptable level of ??*> 3.3 was observed only for the yellow color. After the accelerated aging assay, there were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) as a function of time in the green, brown, black and blue colors. Changes were clinically acceptable for the brown and black colors; slightly above the clinically acceptable limit for the green color; and significantly high and impracticable from a clinical standpoint for the blue color. There was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) for the yellow color, which presented color change only a little above the clinically acceptable limit. In conclusion: 1. Only the yellow color presented alterations above the clinically acceptable levels after the polymerization cycle; 2. After accelerated aging, there was no changes in the yellow color above the clinically acceptable levels; 3. For the green color, degradation was significant and slightly above the clinically acceptable levels; 4. The black, brown and blue colors presented significant alterations as function of time; the alterations of the brown and black colors were within acceptable clinical levels, while the blue color presented a more accentuated degradation over time.

Some Notes on Syringopais temperatella, Led., in Cyprus

1927 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Great Energy

It has just lately been reported to the writer that Syringopais (Nochelodes) temperatella, Led., a Microlepidopteron of the family Oecophoridae, has again in Cyprus begun to assume the rôle of a major pest. Little work seems to have been done on this insect anywhere, so that it may be worth while to give a few notes on one or two interesting points that have lately been brought to light with regard to it.On first appointment to the island, in 1923, the writer was given to understand that Nochelodes temperatella was the greatest insect pest with which the impoverished and struggling farmer had to deal ; but that this is indeed the whole truth was not entirely borne out by enquiries during the years 1924, 1925, and early 1926, for it was found that no serious endeavour to deal with the insect on the lines previously advocated by the Agricultural Department had ever been made, despite the fact that cultural methods only had been advocated, and in addition such as could easily have been carried out with the exercise of no great energy.Broadly, the life-history of the insect is as follows :—The adults are on the wing in the late spring or early summer, some little time before the wheat is cut. It is supposed that the eggs are laid in the soil—certainly they are to be found in the soil—and that they there persist through the hot weather, hatching some time during the winter, and the larvae immediately proceeding to attack the young wheat. The pest becomes really noticeable only towards the spring, when sometimes whole areas of wheat are virtually destroyed. Pupation takes place in the soil.

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