scholarly journals MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN COMMERCIAL GRAPHICS-BASED PLANNING PROJECT IN THE FACULTY OF ARTS AND DESIGN TRISAKTI UNIVERSITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 337-347
Author(s):  
Menul Teguh Riyanti
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Research University ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Media Specialist ◽  
Visual Communications ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Art And Design

The purpose of this study was to develop a learning model based Commercial Graphic Design Drafting project-based learning approach, was chosen as a strategy in the learning product development research. University students as the target audience of this model are the students of the fifth semester Visual Communications Design Studies Program Faculty of Art and Design University of Trisakti. Dick, Carey, and Carey models of Research and Development (R and D) are applied to develop this model. The model consists of the systematic phase used to develop learning products Drafting Commercial Graphics. Results of learning products reviewed by expert instructional design, instructional material expert, and instructional media specialist. A series of formative evaluation session - a review and revision process - undertaken in developing this learning product. The result showed that the learning model Drafting Commercial Graphics implemented a project-based approach has been improving learning outcomes better than the target - the students of the fifth semester Visual Communications Design Studies Program Faculty of Art and Design University of Trisakti. The results of the research and development of this model in the category of Good.

scholarly journals DIRECTED�PROJECT BASED LEARNING AS LANGUAGE LEARNING MODEL: DESIGNING, DEVELOPING AND FIELD TESTING

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Tri Pratiwi ◽  
Sufyarma Marsidin ◽  
Hermawati Syarif ◽  
Yahya Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Addie Model ◽  
English Subject

The aim of the present study is developing English learning model to increase students� language skills in English subject for VIII graders of SMP N 1 Uram Jaya through Directed-Project Based Learning (DPjBL) implementation. This study is designed in Research and Development (R & D) using ADDIE model development. The researcher collected the data through the test, questionnaire, observation, and interview which were then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The study revealed that Directed-Project Based Learning (DPjBL) implementation is significantly able to be one learning model allowing to increase student�s language skills.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN E-MODUL BERBASIS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING PADA MATA PELAJARAN PEMROGRAMAN DESKTOP KELAS XI REKAYASA PERANGKAT LUNAK DI SMK NEGERI 2 TABANAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Erlan A Simarmata . ◽  
Gede Saindra Santyadiputra, S.T., M.Cs . ◽  
Dr. Dewa Gede Hendra Divayana, S.Kom., M .
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Excellent Response ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
Model Project ◽  
Learning Research ◽  
Inquiry Method ◽  
Data Analysis Result

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Untuk mengimplementasikan Pengembangan E-modul Pada Mata Pelajaran Pemrograman Desktop Kelas XI Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak di SMK Negeri 2 Tabanan. (2) Untuk mengetahui respon siswa dan guru terhadap Pengembangan E-modul Pada Mata Pelajaran Pemrograman Desktop Kelas XI dengan Model Project Based Learning di SMK Negeri 2 Tabanan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah research and development (R&D), dengan model pengembangan Dick & Carey. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas XI Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak dan guru mata pelajaran Pemrograman Desktop di SMK Negeri 2 Tabanan tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Untuk mengetahui respon siswa dan guru terhadap e-modul diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Hasil implementasi e-modul yang telah dikembangkan pada mata pelajaran pemrograman desktop untuk siswa kelas XI Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning di SMK Negeri 2 Tabanan dinyatakan berhasil diterapkan berdasarkan beberapa uji yang dilakukan. 2) Hasil analisis data respon siswa menunjukkan bahwa persentase siswa yang memberikan respon sangat baik sebesar 36.84%, persentase siswa yang memberikan respon baik sebesar 63.16%, dan tidak ada siswa yang memberikan respon cukup, kurang, maupun sangat kurang dan mendapatkan presentase tingkat pencapaian e-modul sebesar 87.58%. Sedangkan hasil analisis data respon guru menunjukkan bahwa persentase guru yang memberikan respon sangat baik sebesar 94%. Kata Kunci : E-modul, Pemrograman Desktop, Model Project Based Learning, Research and Development The aim of this study is to (1) Implement the development of E-module for Desktop Progamming learning lesson of grade XI with Project Based Learning Model in SMK Negeri 2 Tabanan. (2) To know students’ and teachers’ response towards the development of E-module for Desktop Progamming learning lesson of grade XI with Project Based Learning Model in SMK Negeri 2 Tabanan. Research methodology that is used for this research was Research and Development (R&D), with Dick & Carey development model. The subject of this research was the third grade students, engineer software and Desktop Progamming teachers of SMK Negeri 2 Tabanan in Academic Year 2016/2017. To know students’ and teachers’ response towards the E-module was gained by using inquiry method. The result of this study showed that: (1) Implementation result of E-module which was developed for Desktop Progamming learning lesson of grade XI engineer software by using Project Based Learning Model in SMK Negeri 2 Tabanan has proven effective to be applied through some tests. (2) The data analysis result of students’ response showed that the percentage of students’ who give excellent response was 36.84%, students who gave good response were 63.16%, and there were no students who gave fair response, inadequate or inacceptable response and get a percentage of the level of achievement of the e-module were 87.58%. While the data analysis result of teachers’ response showed that the percentage of teaches who gave excellent response was 94%.keyword : E-Module, Desktop Progamming, project based learning, Research and Development

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN E-MODUL BERBASIS PROJECT BASED LEARNING PADA MATA PELAJARAN SIMULASI DIGITAL UNTUK SISWA KELAS X STUDI KASUS DI SMK NEGERI 2 SINGARAJA

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Ayu Wijayanti ◽  
Luh Putu Eka Damayanthi ◽  
I Made Gede Sunarya ◽  
I Made Putrama
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Addie Model

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini (1) Untuk mengimplementasikan hasil Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Project Based Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran Simulasi Digital Untuk Siswa Kelas X Studi Kasus Di SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja, (2) Untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Project Based Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran Simulasi Digital Untuk Siswa Kelas X Studi Kasus Di SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian dan Pengembangan Research and Development (R & D) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas X Tata Boga 5 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap e-modul yang dikembangkan, diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode kuisioner dengan alat pengumpulan data berupa angket.Hasil analisis respon siswa menunjukkan bahwa persentase siswa yang memberikan respon sangat baik sebesar 60%, persentase siswa yang memberikan respon baik sebesar 40%, dan tidak ada siswa yang memberikan respon cukup, kurang maupun sangat kurang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap pengembangan e-modul pada mata pelajaran simulasi digital secara keseluruhan persentase respon siswa menunjukkan angka 90,6 % dapat dikategorikan sangat baik. Kata kunci:  E-Modul, R&D, ADDIE, Respon, Simulasi Digital. AbstractThe purposes of this study were (1) to impelements design of the E-modul development by the Project Based Learning model in the Digital Simulation subject for X grade students of SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja, (2) To know the response of the students toward the E-modul development by the Project Based Learning model in the Digital Simulation subject for X grade students of SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja.The type of this study was using Research and Development (R&D) with applied the method ADDIE model. The subject of this study was class of X Tata Boga 5 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja in study year 2015/2016. The response of the students toward the e-modul development, was obtained by using questionnaire method.The result of the student’s responses were indicated that the percentages were 60% for the Very Good-response by 40% of the Good-response. Overall on the result of this study, by the percentage of 90% can be categorized as Very Good. Keywords : e-modul, Research and development, ADDIE, response, simulasi digital

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN E-MODUL BERBASIS PROJECT BASED LEARNING PADA MATA PELAJARAN SIMULASI DIGITAL UNTUK SISWA KELAS X STUDI KASUS DI SMK NEGERI 2 SINGARAJA

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Ayu Wijayanti ◽  
Luh Putu Eka Damayanthi ◽  
I Made Gede Sunarya ◽  
I Made Putrama
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Addie Model

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini (1) Untuk mengimplementasikan hasil Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Project Based Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran Simulasi Digital Untuk Siswa Kelas X Studi Kasus Di SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja, (2) Untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Project Based Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran Simulasi Digital Untuk Siswa Kelas X Studi Kasus Di SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian dan Pengembangan Research and Development (R & D) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas X Tata Boga 5 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap e-modul yang dikembangkan, diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode kuisioner dengan alat pengumpulan data berupa angket.Hasil analisis respon siswa menunjukkan bahwa persentase siswa yang memberikan respon sangat baik sebesar 60%, persentase siswa yang memberikan respon baik sebesar 40%, dan tidak ada siswa yang memberikan respon cukup, kurang maupun sangat kurang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap pengembangan e-modul pada mata pelajaran simulasi digital secara keseluruhan persentase respon siswa menunjukkan angka 90,6 % dapat dikategorikan sangat baik. Kata kunci:  E-Modul, R&D, ADDIE, Respon, Simulasi Digital. AbstractThe purposes of this study were (1) to impelements design of the E-modul development by the Project Based Learning model in the Digital Simulation subject for X grade students of SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja, (2) To know the response of the students toward the E-modul development by the Project Based Learning model in the Digital Simulation subject for X grade students of SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja.The type of this study was using Research and Development (R&D) with applied the method ADDIE model. The subject of this study was class of X Tata Boga 5 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja in study year 2015/2016. The response of the students toward the e-modul development, was obtained by using questionnaire method.The result of the student’s responses were indicated that the percentages were 60% for the Very Good-response by 40% of the Good-response. Overall on the result of this study, by the percentage of 90% can be categorized as Very Good. Keywords : e-modul, Research and development, ADDIE, response, simulasi digital

scholarly journals DEVELOPING AN ENTREPRENEURSHIP-LOADED PRODUCTIVE LEARNING MODEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Amat Jaedun ◽  
V. Lilik Hariyanto ◽  
Nuryadin Eko Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
Wood Construction

This study was aimed at obtaining a pratical and effective Entrepreneurship-Loaded Productive Learning model (ELPL model) for graduates of the building construction department of the vocational schools to become entrepreneurs of their expertises as technopreneurs. The study was research and development, focused on developing ELPL model. It was done through the following phases: review of the existing models, needs assessment for model development; third, evaluation of model implementability, revision of the ELPL draft, and limited try-out of the ELPL model in Grade XII of the Wood Construction of Vocational School 2, Pengasih, Kulon Progo. Findings show that the ELPL model is implementable for learning, practical, and effective to develop the entrepreneurship skills of the XII grade students in the Wood Construction Subjects at SMK 2 Pengasih, related to their expertise as technopreneurs. PPBK model is feasible to use in teaching and learning processPENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PRODUKTIF BERMUATAN KEWIRAUSAHAANPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran kemampuan produktif bermuatan kewirausahaan (model PPBK) yang efektif dalam membekali lulusan SMK Program Keahlian Teknik Bangunan untuk menjadi wirausahawan sesuai dengan bidang keahliannya sebagai technopreneur. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan (Research & Development). Penelitian berorientasi pada pengembangan produk yaitu model PPBK. Penelitian dilakukan melalui lima tahapan yaitu: kajian model pembelajaran kemampuan produktif yang telah dilaksanakan, asesmen kebutuhan pengembangan model, penilaian keterlaksanaan model, revisi draf model PPBK, dan uji coba model PPBK. Uji coba model dilakukan  secara terbatas pada Kelas XII Paket Keahlian Teknik Konstruksi Kayu di SMK Negeri 2 Pengasih, Kulon Progo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model PPBK yang dikembangkan terbukti dapat diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran. Model PPBK praktis dan efektif untuk memberikan bekal kemampuan berwirausaha bagi siswa SMK Kelas XII Paket Keahlian Teknik Konstruksi Kayu di SMK Negeri 2 Pengasih sesuai dengan bidang keahliannya sebagai technopreneur. Perangkat pembelajaran PPBK yang dikembangkan layak diimplementasikan

scholarly journals Pengembangan Desain Instruksional Model Project Based Learning Terintegrasi Keterampilan Proses Sains Untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Nuraini Nuraini ◽  
Edy Waluyo*
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Science Literacy ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Science Process Skills

Facing today's 21st century learning, teachers need to foster science literacy and consider learning strategies that suit the conditions and potential of students whose learning processes focus on providing firsthand experience and applying science knowledge. Literacy skills are fundamental things that students must do in facing the global era to be able to meet the needs of life in various situations. This research aims to develop instructional design through project learning based on science process skills to improve valid, practical and effective literacy skills. This research uses a type of research on Borg and Gall model development which is a systemic process that starts from the analysis of needs, product design, product development, implementation and evaluation of products. The subjects in the research were students in grade VII SMPN 1 Selong and Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muallimat NW Pancor numbered 64 people. Data collection uses validation sheets, practicality guidelines, and tests to measure students' science literacy skills. Data is analyzed with descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the analysis showed that the instructional design of the project based learning model based on science process skills fall into the category of valid, practical and effective and feasible to use. The products developed also have a potential effect in improving students' science literacy skills indicated by an N-Gain score of 0.77 with a high category

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Project-Based Learning Models to Train Vocational Skills of Students Majoring in Industrial Chemistry inVocational High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahadian Grace Amelia ◽  
Sri Poedjiastoeti ◽  
Mohammad Thamrin Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Industrial Chemistry ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Vocational Skills ◽  
Student Responses

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the project-based learning model on laboratory-scale ethanol production material on the vocational skills of class X students majoring in Industrial Chemistry at SMK PGRI 1 Gresik. The effectiveness criteria are evaluated from student learning outcomes of students' vocational skills scores and student responses to project-based learning. This type of research is research and development (research and development / R&D) with field trials using one group pre-test post-test design. The research subjects were 40 students of SMK PGRI 1 Gresik. The instrument for measuring the effectiveness of project-based learning models on students' vocational skills is the vocational skills observation sheet and the student response questionnaire sheet. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive. The data obtained as follows: All students mastered vocational skills with the highest score obtained was 92.31. Student responses to project-based learning were 91%. Obstacles in carrying out learning activities are a limited number of tools and less time in carrying out experimental activities.Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the project-based learning model on laboratory-based ethanol-making materials is effective for training vocational skills of vocational students.

scholarly journals Developing a model of industry-based practicum learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Bambang Sudarsono ◽  
Thomas Sukardi
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Vehicle Engineering ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Automotive Engineering ◽  
Model Research

The study was to: (1) produce a practicum learning model that might be applied by the lecturers of Automotive Engineering Education Program as the center of Light Vehicle Engineering (LVE) Study Program prospective teachers in the vocational high schools (VHS); (2) identify the automotive industry-oriented competence aspects in practicum learning needed by the LVE Study Program prospective teachers in the VHS; (3) identify the degree of implementatibility of the practicum learning model that had been developed for the LVE Study program prospective teachers in the VHS; and (4) identify the effectiveness degree of the practicum learning model that had been developed for the LVE Study Program prospective teachers in the VHS. The model development in the study referred to the research and development model proposed by Richey and Klein. The research subjects were the students of Automotive Engineering Education Study Program Muhammadiyah University Purworejo. Then, the research objects were Toyota Magelang Company, the Daihatsu Armada Company and the Ultratune Company Gadjah Mada University. The results of the study show that: (1) the competency aspects developed in the P2BI Model for the students who refer the LVE Study Program prospective teachers include the affective aspect, the cognitive aspect and the psychomotor aspect; (2) the improvement of the affective, the cognitive and the psychomotor aspect has met the “Very Good” criteria; (3) the students’ activities in the implementation of the P2BI Model Stages have been very good; and (4) the students’ responses toward the P2BI Learning Model have been very positive.Keywords: learning model, practicum learning, LVE Study Program prospective teachers PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIK BERBASIS INDUSTRIAbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) menghasilkan model pembelajaran praktik yang dapat diterapkan oleh dosen pendidikan teknik otomotif sebagai penghasil calon guru SMK Program Keahlian Teknik Otomotif (PKTO), dan (2) mengetahui aspek-aspek kompetensi pada pembelajaran praktik yang dibutuhkan calon guru SMK PKTO. Model pengembangan dalam penelitian ini mengacu model research and development dari Richey and Klein. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Otomotif Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo. Objek penelitian di PT. Toyota Magelang, PT. Daihastu Armada dan PT. Ultratune UGM. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Aspek-aspek kompetensi yang dikembangkan pada model P2BI bagi mahasiswa calon guru SMK PKTO adalah aspek sikap,aspek pengetahuan dan aspek ketrampilan. (2) Peningkatan aspek sikap, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dengan kriteria sangat baik. (3) Aktivitas mahasiswa dalam pelaksanaan tahapan-tahapan model P2BI sangat baik dan (4) Tanggapan mahasiswa terhadap model pembelajaran P2BI sangat positif.Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran,pembelajaran praktik, calon guru SMK PKTO

Development of Learning Model of Project-Based Learning Integrated with Entrepreneurship in The Productive Learning of Motorcycle Tune-Up Competence

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayu Ariwibowo ◽  
Achmad Slamet ◽  
Rodia Syamwil
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Hypothetical Model ◽  
Final Model ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Better Than

Unemployment of graduates of Automotive Engineering expertise program of Vocational High School (SMK) can be overcome with entrepreneurship. The obstacle is that students are not ready to become entrepreneurs. Learning process at school needs to be analyzed to find new learning models that enhance students' entrepreneurship skills which is in accordance with the expertise program. This study aims to analyze the factual conditions of productive learning of motorcycle tune-up competence and entrepreneurial learning in SMK, to analyze conceptual models developed, to determine hypothetical models, to analyze student learning outcomes using hypothetical models, and to determine the final model of learning. The method used in this research is research and development, carried out by conducting preliminary studies, model development, product testing, and final model determination. The result shows that factually productive learning of motorcycle tune-up competence with entrepreneurship lesson are separated. The conceptual model designed using the syntax of project-based learning model has entrepreneurship approach in productive learning, but still requires improvement. After the improvement, there comes a hypothetical model with the principle of integrating productive learning with entrepreneurial activity, and the learning is oriented towards a modified project-based learning model. The model is well implemented because the experimental class’ learning result is better than the control class’ learnng result. The value of technical skill and entrepreneur skills of experimental class students increased significantly, thus the final model of learning used hypothetical model with the learning model name is PjBL In Entre (Project-Based Learning Integrated with Entrepreneurship).

scholarly journals DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK GURU TK INKLUSIF

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparno .
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Kindergarten Teachers ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Professional Competencies ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Abstract: Developing an Instructional Design to Improve Kindergarten Teachers’ Competencies in the Perspective of Inclusive Education. This study aims to develop an instructional design set to improve kindergarten teachers’ competencies in inclusive education in terms of pedagogic, personal, social, and professional aspects. It was a research and development study involving the stages of predevelopment, model development, product validation. The sample comprised 34 kindergarten teachers selected by the purposive sampling technique. The results show that: (1) the majority of kindergarten teachers do not understand the concept of inclusive education, (2) a set of indicators of kindergarten teachers’ competencies in inclusive education and a set of competency instruments and instructional design can be produced; (3) the implementation of the instructional design model is capable of increasing kindergarten teachers’ competencies in inclusive education. The instructional design significantly improves kindergarten teachers’ pedagogic, social, and professional competencies, but it does not significantly increase the personal competency. Keywords: inclusive education, kindergarten teachers

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