COST AND RETURN ANALYSIS OF SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION OF Brassica Napus L. Varchinensis (PECHAY) USING DIFFERENT METHODS OF CULTIVATION

A Cost and return analysis of small scale production of Brassica napus L. varchinensis (Pechay) production using different methods of cultivation was evaluated based on the growth and yield performance of Brassica napus L. varchinensis (Pechay) from field trial. An experiment was undertaken involving four treatments with two methods of planting and two levels of plant density and layed out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with replications. Results showed that the survival rate and growth of Brassica napus L. varchinensis (Pechay) based on the actual number of plants, transplanted plant with high density plants was significantly higher compared to other treatments indicating that transplanted Pechay at high density planting is favorable than other methods. The fresh weight of Pechay after 30 days of cultivation using direct seeding (T1 and T2) was significantly higher compared to T3 and T4. Partial cost and return analysis in direct seeded Pechay at high planting density were the most profitable while transplanting Pechay seedling at low density planting was the least profitable.

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ECONOMIC PROFITABILITY OF THE UTILIZATION OF HOMEMADE ORGANIC PESTICIDE FOR SMALL SCALE PRODUCTION OF Brassica Napus L. Varchinensis (PECHAY)

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i6.2019.750 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 56-66

Author(s):

Steven A. Loneria ◽

Eunice L. Lluz

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Block Design ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Small Scale ◽

Hot Pepper ◽

Scale Production ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Effective Level ◽

Pre Treatment

The study focused on the economic profitability of the utilization of homemade organic pesticide for small scale production of Brassica napus L. varchinensis (Pechay). An experiment was undertaken at the Palayamanan Program at the University of Eastern Philippines to determine the effectiveness of homemade organic pesticide in controlling or preventing insect infestation in Pechay, to find out the effective level of this homemade pesticide and to determine the economic profitability of using homemade organic pesticide and insecticide. To explore the use of homemade extract from garlic, Allium sativum L., hot pepper, Capsicum frutescens L., vinegar and mineral oil in the management of insect pests of Pechay. The design used was the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and the data gathered were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT at 5% level of significant. There were five treatments made up of 50% extracted organic insecticide diluted in 500ml and 1 litter of water treatment before the insects will attack (pre–treatment) in weekly intervals and separate application of the same formulation of the treatment after the insect will attack (post-treatment) two days interval and control without any treatment. The result of the study showed that those that gained higher profitable weight in treatment plots were the post – treatment.

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Effects of high plant populations on the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859698006091 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 132 (2) ◽

pp. 173-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

J. E. LEACH ◽

H. J. STEVENSON ◽

A. J. RAINBOW ◽

L. A. MULLEN

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Plant Density ◽

High Density ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Plant Populations ◽

Rothamsted Experimental Station ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Very High

The effects of plant density on the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) were examined in a series of five multifactorial experiments at Rothamsted Experimental Station between 1984 and 1989. Plant densities, manipulated by changing the seed rate and row spacing, or because of overwinter losses, ranged from 13·5 to 372 plants/m2. Normalized yields for the multifactorial plots increased with densities up to 50–60 plants/m2. In very high density plots in 1987/88, yield decreased as density increased >150 plants/m2. Plants grown at high density had fewer pod-bearing branches per plant but produced more branches/m2. Branch dry matter (DM) per plant was decreased by 42%, the number of fertile pods per plant and pod DM/plant by 37%. There was no effect of density on the number or DM of pods/m2. Over 74% of the fertile pods were carried on the terminal and uppermost branches of plants grown at high density in 1987/88 compared with only 34% in plants grown at low density in 1988/89. Seed DM/plant decreased with increase in density but seed size (1000-seed weight) increased. There was no effect of density on seed glucosinolate or oil contents.

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Response of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) to Varying Levels of Plant Density and Nitrogen

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i1130546 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 308-314

Author(s):

M. Niharika ◽

G. E. C. H. Vidya Sagar ◽

K. Bhanu Rekha ◽

T. Anjaiah

Keyword(s):

Finger Millet ◽

Plant Density ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Planting Density ◽

Available N ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2019 at College Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana. The present study was conducted to know the effect of different planting densities and nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of Finger millet. The soil of experimental site was loamy sand type, slightly acidic in pH (6.43), non-saline in EC (0.15 dSm-1), low in organic carbon (0.42%), low in available N (201.6 kg ha-1), medium in available P (25.3 kg ha-1), low in available K (236.25 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice with 12 treatments combinations consisting of four nitrogen levels (0 %, 50%, 100% and 150% RDN) and three levels of planting density (S1-solid rows × 15 cm, S2- 30 cm × 15 cm, S3- 25 cm × 15 cm). Results indicated that S1-solid rows × 15 cm recorded highest plant height, number of tillers m-2, dry matter production (g m-2) and S3- 25 cm × 15 cm recorded highest leaf area plant-1 and yield. Application of 150% RDN recorded highest plant growth parameters, grain yield and straw yield. However, it was on par with 100% RDN. It was concluded that planting density of 25 cm × 15 cm among spacings and 100% N among nitrogen levels proved to be a viable option for getting higher productivity and profit under rainfed conditions of central agro climatic zone of Telangana.

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Growth and Yield Responses to Plant Density and Stage of Transplanting in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science ◽

10.1046/j.1439-037x.2001.00476.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 186 (4) ◽

pp. 253-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

E. J. J. Momoh ◽

W. Zhou

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Plant Density ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Yield Responses

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Respons Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Ketimun (Cucumis sativus L) Terhadap Sistem Pengolahan Tanah Dan Jarak Tanam

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v1i2.285 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

H. Hamzah ◽

Pieter J Kunu ◽

A. Rumakat

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Planting Density ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Tillage Methods

Cucumber is consumed regularly by inhabitants of Buru District of the Maluku Province, and, its productivity needs to be optimized. Soil tillage and plant density in cucumber cultivation have Influences on competition for nutrient intake, water and light and hence affect plant yield. The aim of this field experiment was to study growth and yield responses of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) on different soil tillage systems and planting densities. The field experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Block Design to examine several tillage methods (one and two) and planting densities (25 x 25 cm, 40 x 40 cm and 45 x 55 cm). The experimental results showed that there was no effect of interaction between soil tillage and planting density on all variable observed. Single and double tillage methods increased fruit number, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight and root length of cucumber, while planting density gave no effect on all variables measured. Therefore, either single or double tillages and any planting densities tested in this experiment could be recommended in cucumber cultivation in Buru District of Maluku Province.

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LED Lighting and High-Density Planting Enhance the Cost-Efficiency of Halimione portulacoides Extraction Units for Integrated Aquaculture

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11114995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4995

Author(s):

Marco Custódio ◽

Paulo Cartaxana ◽

Sebastián Villasante ◽

Ricardo Calado ◽

Ana Isabel Lillebø

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

High Density ◽

Planting Density ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Integrated Aquaculture ◽

Halimione Portulacoides ◽

White Leds ◽

Artificial Lighting ◽

Aquaculture Effluents

Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants that can be used to extract dissolved inorganic nutrients from saline aquaculture effluents under a production framework commonly known as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen (common name: sea purslane) is an edible saltmarsh halophyte traditionally consumed by humans living near coastal wetlands and is considered a promising extractive species for IMTA. To better understand its potential for IMTA applications, the present study investigates how artificial lighting and plant density affect its productivity and capacity to extract nitrogen and phosphorous in hydroponic conditions that mimic aquaculture effluents. Plant growth was unaffected by the type of artificial lighting employed—white fluorescent lights vs. blue-white LEDs—but LED systems were more energy-efficient, with a 17% reduction in light energy costs. Considering planting density, high-density units of 220 plants m−2 produced more biomass per unit of area (54.0–56.6 g m−2 day−1) than did low-density units (110 plants m−2; 34.4–37.1 g m−2 day−1) and extracted more dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, H. portulacoides can be easily cultivated hydroponically using nutrient-rich saline effluents, where LEDs can be employed as an alternative to fluorescent lighting and high-density planting can promote higher yields and extraction efficiencies.

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A, The ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS OF JUNGLE RICE (ECHINOCHLOA COLONA L.) AND FALSE AMARANTH (DIGERA ARVENSIS FORSSK.) IN DIRECT SEEDED RICE

JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH ◽

10.28941/pjwsr.v26i4.890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 507-523

Author(s):

Amir Ehsan ◽

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1 ◽

Amjed Ali

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Trials ◽

Research Area ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Grain ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Competitive Index ◽

Economic Thresholds ◽

Direct Seeded

ABSTRACT There is little understanding about ecological interference of weeds in direct-seeded rice. To get estimates of economic thresholds of two weeds in direct seeded rice, two-year field trials were conducted at research area of College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan. Treatments included 0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 plants m-2 densities of each of Echinochloa colona and Digera arvensis laid out in randomized complete block design. Augmented densities of E. colona (0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 weed plants m-2) enhanced its plant dry biomass up to 348 and 353%; and relative competitive index maximally to 80 and 77% in years 2015 and 2016, respectively. While the corresponding increases in plant dry weight and relative competitive index of D. arvensis were 367 and 360% and 79 and 82%. The enhancement in N (up to 258 & 257 %), P (up to 220 & 232%) and K (up to 293 & 301%) uptake in years 2015 and 2016, respectively were made by E. Colona whereas the corresponding increases in N, P and K assimilation by D. arvensis were as far as 265 & 257%, 238 & 233% and 305 & 298%, respectively. The declines in growth and yield of rice were observed in response to growing number of both the weeds. Rice grain yield losses ranged between 9.8 to 80% and 28 to 80% by E. Colona and D. arvensis. The economic thresholds of false amaranth and jungle rice were estimated to be 1.6-1.4 plants m-2 and 2.2-2.6 plants m-2, respectively.

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Drip irrigation in coffee crop under different planting densities: Growth and yield in southeastern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v18n11p1116-1123 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 1116-1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gleice A. de Assis ◽

Myriane S. Scalco ◽

Rubens J. Guimarães ◽

Alberto Colombo ◽

Anderson W. Dominghetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Soil Water Tension ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Coffee Plants ◽

Coffee Cultivation ◽

Water Tension

Irrigation associated to reduction on planting spaces between rows and between coffee plants has been a featured practice in coffee cultivation. The objective of the present study was to assess, over a period of five consecutive years, influence of different irrigation management regimes and planting densities on growth and bean yield of Coffea arabica L.. The treatments consisted of four irrigation regimes: climatologic water balance, irrigation when the soil water tension reached values close to 20 and 60 kPa; and a control that was not irrigated. The treatments were distributed randomly in five planting densities: 2,500, 3,333, 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000 plants ha-1. A split-plot in randomized block design was used with four replications. Irrigation promoted better growth of coffee plants and increased yield that varied in function of the plant density per area. For densities from 10,000 to 20,000 plants ha-1, regardless of the used irrigation management, mean yield increases were over 49.6% compared to the non-irrigated crop.

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