scholarly journals PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM ILLEGAL FISHING DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Oksimana Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
District Court ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Fisheries Law ◽  
Corporate Criminal Liability

ABSTRAKIllegal fishing adalah kegiatan penangkapan ikan yang bertentangan dengan perundang-undangan suatu negara atau ketentuan internasional. Mengingat kerugian yang ditimbulkannya sangat besar dan sebagian besar pelakunya adalah korporasi, maka perlu dikaji bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi terhadap tindak pidana ini. Tulisan ini mengkaji bagaimana Putusan Nomor 01/PID.SUS/PRK/2015/PN.AMB terhadap kapal asing yang melakukan praktik illegal fishing di perairan Indonesia. Metode analisis yang diterapkan untuk menjawab permasalahan adalah dengan menggunakan metode yuridis kualitatif. Pelaku tindak pidana illegal fishing di wilayah perairan Indonesia secara umum adalah setiap orang yang diartikan perseorangan atau korporasi. Dalam hal pertanggunggjawaban pidana korporasi disebutkan dalam Pasal 101 Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 45 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan, diketahui bahwa Indonesia masih menganut sistem pertanggungjawaban yang kedua, yaitu korporasi sebagai pembuat dan pengurus yang bertanggung jawab. Hal ini tampak tidak sebanding dengan efek dari kejahatan yang dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, perlu diadakan revisi terhadap undang-undang tersebut, sehingga korporasi sebagai pelaku kejahatan yang sesungguhnya dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban dan dijatuhi sanksi pidana.Kata kunci: hukum laut dan perikanan, pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi, illegal fishing. ABSTRACT Illegal fishing refers to activities which contravene a state’s fisheries law and regulations, or international conventions. Considering that the losses incurred are so massive and most of the perpetrators are corporations, the corporate criminal liability for this crime should be appraised. This paper examines how the Ambon District Court Decision Number 01/PID.SUS/PRK/2015/ PN.AMB responds to foreign vessels conducting illegal fishing in Indonesian waters. The problem was analyzed using qualitative juridical methods. The perpetrators of illegal fishing in Indonesian territorial waters in general are anyone as an individual or corporation. In corporate criminal liability, as stated in Article 101 of Law Number 31 of 2004 concerning Fisheries, Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 2004 concerning Fisheries, Indonesia still adheres to the second system of liability, in which the corporation as the responsible decision maker and board. This seems to be out of proportion to the effects of the crimes committed. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the law, so that corporation as the perpetrator can actually be held accountable and become a legal subject to criminal sanctions. Keywords: marine and fisheries law, corporate criminal liability, illegal fishing.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Conceptual Reflection Regarding Corporate Criminal Responsibilities Influencing the Formulation of Laws

Lentera Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Fitriani Rahmadia
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Corporate Crime ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Corporate Criminal Liability

In Indonesia, the development of the corporation as the subject to criminal acts takes place outside the Criminal Code, regulated in special legislation. While the Criminal Code itself still adheres to the subject of criminal acts in the form of people, the corporation (juridical person) appears as a subject that can commit a crime and should also be accountable in criminal law. However, this condition has not been realized concretely in our Criminal Code. The formulation policy regarding corporate criminal liability for victims of corporate crime that exists or is currently in force has not been able to realize the corporate criminal liability. Although there are sanctions that can be imposed on corporations, most of these provisions only protect potential victims and are not responsible for actual or real victims. In other words, the current formulation policy has not been able to ensnare and impose criminal sanctions on corporations who commit crimes, especially criminal sanctions which are oriented to the fulfillment or restoration of victims' rights in the form of compensation payments after the crime. This paper will discuss the position and the responsibility of the corporation as a subject of criminal law in Indonesia and analyze policy formulation of the Criminal Code and the draft of the Criminal Code that related to corporate responsibility as a legal subject. Keywords: Corporate Criminal Responsibilities, Criminal Law, Corporate Responsibility.

scholarly journals CORPORATE LIABILITY FORMULATION POLICY ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 101 OF LAW NUMBER 31 OF 2004 JUNCTO LAW NUMBER 45 OF 2009 CONCERNING FISHERIES IN TERM OF CRIMINAL LEGAL REFORM IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Vivi Tri Kasih ◽  
Antory Royan Adyan ◽  
Herlambang Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Fisheries Law ◽  
Corporate Liability ◽  
The Brain

The corporation is the brain and source of funds for all illegal fishing activities and other crimes that occur along the chain of fishing business activities. According to Law Number 31 of 2004 in conjunction with Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries, Article 101 states that: "In the case of a criminal acts as referred to in Article 84 paragraph (1), Article 85, Article 86, Article 87, Article 88, Article 89, Article 90, Article 91, Article 92, Article 93, Article 94, Article 95, and Article 96, the acts are committed by corporations; prosecution and criminal sanctions are imposed on their management and the fine is added by 1/3 (one third) of the sentence imposed." It is necessary to renew the Fisheries Law in order to provide an overview in determining the Corporate Liability Formulation Policy according to Article 101 of Law Number 31 of 2004 in conjunction with Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries in the context of Criminal Law Reform in Indonesia. The type of this research was normative by using primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials. From the results of research and discussion, it was revealed that Corporate Liability according to Article 101 of Law Number 31 of 2004 in conjunction with Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries in Indonesia currently does not explain things about the meaning of the word "management", which parties in the management structure of a corporation that can be held accountable, or to what extent the authority possessed by parties in the management structure of a corporation can be subject to criminal responsibility. Therefore, the Corporate Liability Formulation Policy according to Article 101 of Law Number 31 of 2004 in conjunction with Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries in the context of Criminal Law Reform in the future should be changed, this is important considering the formulation stage is the most strategic stage in the efforts to prevent and to control crime by including / expanding criminal liability, not only for the management but also for the corporation and its management.

scholarly journals Formulation Policy Regarding the Smuggling of Lobster Seeds in Indonesia

Lentera Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ayu Izza Elvany
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Problem ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Corporate Criminal Liability

This paper analyzes how formulation policy of lobster seeds smuggling regulated in Indonesian law to optimize the effectiveness of illegal fishing enforcement, considering penal policy is the basis of criminal law operationalization. This research uses both statute approach and conceptual approach as legal research methods to analyze the issued legal problem. Fishery law in Indonesia regulated in Law No. 45 of 2009 amending Law No. 31 of 2004 concerning Fishery, especially Articles 88 and 16 paragraph (1) which cover the formulation policy of lobster seeds smuggling enforcement. This study will be analyzed into three aspects which are the conduct (the criminal offense), criminal liability, and sentencing system. The result shows that law enforcement regarding the smuggling of lobster seeds in Indonesia is ineffective due to the nonexistence of corporate criminal liability in the fishery law and its sentencing system is lack of both the specific minimum penalty regulation and the penal measures as criminal punishment. However, the draft of the fishery law has already set corporate criminal liability; hence it also regulates the penal measures, in the form of secondary sanctions. Nevertheless, instead of enacting the specific minimum penalty, the draft only determined the maximum penalty as well. Keywords: Formulation Policy, Fishery Law, Lobster Seeds Smuggling.

scholarly journals PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN BERENCANA YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANAK (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Nomor 16/Pid.Sus-Anak/2016/PN.Cbn)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-136
Author(s):  
Djesi Ariani
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
District Court ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
High Regard ◽  
The Law

AbstractChildren are a mandate from God Almighty which is inherent in their dignity as a whole human being. Every child has dignity and value that is worthy of high regard and every child born must have his/her rights without the child's request. The problems in this thesis are: the responsibility of children as perpetrators in criminal acts of premeditated murder in the Indonesian legal system, legal protection against children as perpetrators of criminal offenses planned in District Court Decision Number 16 / Pid.Sus-Anak / 2016 / PN.Cbn , the legal considerations of the judges against children as perpetrators of premeditated murder in District Court Decision Number 16 / Pid.Sus-Anak / 2016 / PN.Cbn.Legal Protection of Children in Criminal Acts Based on Law Number 11 Year 2012, from the results of the study, it is stated that children who are dealing with the law, including children as victims or children as perpetrators of crime, it is appropriate for children who are in conflict with the law to get legal protection both as the perpetrators or as the victims.Keywords: Criminal Liability, Planned Murder, Children

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN THEORY OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY AND CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT TOWARD CORPORATION IN INDONESIA CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRACTICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Septa Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Justice Practice ◽  
Corporate Criminal Liability

The question of the correlation between theory of criminal liability and criminal punishment on criminal acts committed corporation is important to investigate in order to provide justification for the criminal prosecution of corporations. How a mistake should be constructed from a corporation associated with the theory of corporate criminal liability. As a consequence of the improper condition on the corporate views of whether the corporation has made a criminal offense can be avoided as part of discretion in running the business. If these obligations are not met, the corporation can be condemned for committing crime. The practice of criminal justice to the determination of criminal liability for corporations is not fully in accordance with the theory of corporate criminal liability. In fact, the court decision does not yet reflect a consistent correlation between the theory of criminal liability and criminal punishment on criminal acts of the corporation.Keywords: criminal liability, corporate, criminal justice.

scholarly journals PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA BAGI ANAK YANG MELAKUKAN KEKERASAN FISIK TERHADAP PEMBANTU RUMAH TANGGA (Analisis Putusan Nomor: 27/Pid.Sus-Anak/2014/PN.MDN)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atikah Rahmi ◽  
Suci Putri Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
District Court ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Interesting Object

The imposition of criminal sanctions on children effects bad mental for development of children. Medan District Court has given criminal sanctions to children through Decision Number: 27/Pid.Sus-Anak/2014/Pn.Mdn. This verdict becomes interesting object to examine in aiming to know the criminal liability imposed on the child by analyzing the decision. This research is a normative juridical research with case approach, while its characteristic is descriptive. Data analysis is done by qualitative juridical. Based on the results of the research and analysis carried out that criminal liability of court handed over the child is considered ineffective, because the modern punishment system does not apply torture to children but more attention to the best interests for children.

scholarly journals Sanksi Pidana oleh Tindak Pidana Mengedarkan Simpanan Farmasi Kosmetika Tanpa Izin Edar (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Denpasar No. Perkara 491/Pid.Sus/2018/PN DPS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-222
Author(s):  
Rafael Aza Pramesuari ◽  
I Nyoman Sujana ◽  
Diah Gayatri Sudibya
Keyword(s):  
Court Decision ◽  
District Court ◽  
Criminal Sanction ◽  
Legal Argument ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Case Number

This study aims to identify and explain criminal sanctions for cosmetic producers or sellers who do not have this distribution license. The type of research used is normative legal research by analysing cases using the Denpasar District Court Decision Case Number 491/Pid.Sus /2018/ PN DPS. This study uses a statutory approach by examining all laws related to this case, conceptually by combining the opinions of experts so that it becomes the author's legal argument, and the case approach is by using a court decision. The results of the study show that there must be elements that indicate that a person has committed a criminal act, and in this writing there are 3 (three) elements that explain that the defendant committed a criminal act. Imposition by the criminal sanction of distributing cosmetic pharmaceutical deposits that do not obtain a distribution permit as regulated in Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning health is regulated in articles 197-201. In this case, the Panel of Judges considered Article 197, namely a maximum imprisonment of 10 (ten) years and a maximum fine of 1,000,000,000 (one billion rupiah). However, the defendant here does not need to undergo the sentence unless later there is another order from the Judge's decision that he has been guilty of committing a criminal act during the probation period has not ended.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN SISTEM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA BAGI LEMBAGA PERBANKAN DITINJAU DARI TEORI-TEORI SISTEM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-142
Author(s):  
Kristian Kristian
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Corporate Criminal Liability

The economy of the modern society is closely related or even inseparable with the world of banking. It is due to the fact that the main function of banking institutions is basically as an intermediary. However, the fact that the existence of banking institutions is as a corporation does not always have a positive impact. It can also impact negatively in the sense that the banking institution as a corporation becomes a perpetrator of criminal acts or conducts various criminal acts harmful to the public but untouchable by law.The results show that banking institutions (banks) can be categorized as corporations according to the criminal law. Consequently, as a legal subject, the bank is supposedly liable to commit a criminal offense and may be held accountable for criminal acts. The corporate criminal liability system has been legitimized and justified by several doctrines or theories: identification theory, strict liability theory, vicarious liability doctrine, the corporate culture model or company culture theory, doctrine of aggregation, and reactive corporate fault. If it is related to the subject matter, the corporate criminal liability system, as legitimized and justified by the various theories, can be applied to banking institutions. Hence, according to such theories or doctrines, the bank is deemed able to commit criminal acts and bear criminal liability. In addition, the arrangement and application of corporate criminal liability systems for banking institutions may also be justified by several fundamental or principal reasons.However, it is unfortunate that the system of criminal liability for banking institutions as a corporation is not yet applicable. This is because the current banking law is still dominated by the principle of "societas delinquere non potest" and collided with the principle of legality in criminal law. Thus, to overcome various problems that may arise in the future, the banking law needs to be revised by taking into account several things as described further in this paper. 

scholarly journals Aspek-Aspek Konstitusional Penodaan Agama Serta Pertanggungjawaban Pidananya di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Ajie Ramdan
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
District Court ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The North ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Thousand Islands

Penodaan agama dalam konteks penafsiran konstitusi telah dijabarkan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) dalam Putusan Nomor 140/PUU-VII/2009. UU Pencegahan Penodaan Agama tidak menentukan pembatasan kebebasan beragama, akan tetapi pembatasan untuk mengeluarkan perasaan atau melakukan perbuatan yang bersifat permusuhan, penyalahgunaan atau penodaan terhadap suatu agama serta pembatasan untuk melakukan penafsiran atau kegiatan yang menyimpang dari pokok-pokok ajaran agama yang dianut di Indonesia. Pembatasan-pembatasan tersebut hanya dapat dilakukan dengan Undang-Undang dengan maksud semata-mata untuk menjamin pengakuan serta penghormatan atas kebebasan orang lain dan untuk memenuhi tuntutan yang adil sesuai dengan pertimbangan moral, nilai-nilai agama, keamanan, dan ketertiban umum dalam masyarakat yang demokratis [vide Pasal 28J ayat (2) UUD 1945]. Tulisan ini akan menganalisis aspek-aspek konstitusionalitas penodaan agama serta pertanggungjawaban pidana dalam kasus yang dialami oleh Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. Karena pidatonya di kepulauan seribu memenuhi unsur-unsur tindak pidana dalam Pasal 156a KUHPidana berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Utara Nomor 1537/Pid.B/2016/PN.JktUtr. Konsep pertanggungjawaban pidana (criminal liability /toerekeningvatsbaarheid) atau sesungguhnya tidak hanya menyangkut soal hukum semata-mata, melainkan juga menyangkut soal nilai-nilai moral atau kesusilaan umum yang dianut oleh suatu masyarakat atau kelompok-kelompok dalam masyarakat. Analisis pertanggungjawaban pidana dalam delik penodaan agama Islam dalam tulisan ini menggunakan teori pertanggungjawaban pidana, putusan MK Nomor 140/PUU-VII/2009, Putusan Pengadilan tentang Penodaan Agama dan perbandingan pertanggungjawaban pidana di Belanda dan Inggris.Blasphemy in the context of interpretation of the constitution has been elaborated by the Constitutional Court (MK) in Decision Number 140/PUU-VII/2009 The Prevention of Blasphemy Law does not specify restrictions on religious freedom, but restrictions on issuing feelings or committing acts of hostility, abuse or desecration against a religion as well as restrictions on interpretation or activities that deviate from the principles of the teachings of the religion adopted in Indonesia. These restrictions can only be done by Law with the sole purpose of guaranteeing recognition and respect for the freedom of others and to fulfill just demands in accordance with moral considerations, religious values, security and public order in a democratic society. [vide Article 28J paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution]. This paper will analyze aspects of constitutionality of blasphemy and criminal liability in the case experienced by Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. Because his speech in the thousand islands fulfilled the elements of criminal acts in Article 156a of the Criminal Code based on the North Jakarta District Court Decision Number 1537/Pid.B/2016/PN.JktUtr. The concept of criminal liability (criminal liability/toerekeningvatsbaarheid) or actually does not only involve legal matters, but also concerns the general moral values or morality adopted by a society or groups in society. Analysis of criminal responsibility in the Islamic blasphemy offense in this paper uses the theory of criminal responsibility, Constitutional Court decision No. 140/PUU-VII/2009, Court Decision on Blasphemy and a comparison of criminal liability in the Netherlands and England.

scholarly journals C CRIMINAL LIABILITY AGAINST CHILDREN AS OFFENDERS OF NARCOTICS ABUSE BASED ON THE DECISION OF THE TEBING TINGGI DISTRICT COURT NO. 21/PID.SUS-ANAK/2018/PN.TBT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Lidya Gultom, Syafrudin Kalo, Mahmud Mulyadi, M. Ekaputra
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
District Court ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
The Government

The development of narcotics abuse is increasingly increasing. The government has issued regulations governing the handling of children as perpetrators of criminal acts of narcotics abuse, namely Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. This study will examine and analyze the Tebing Tinggi District Court Decision No. 21/Pid.Sus-Anak/2018/PN.TBT., Which has been decided by the judge for action against the child perpetrator of the crime of narcotics abuse, even though in the case diversion can be carried out, but not done. The problems in this study, namely: the criminal responsibility of child offenders of criminal offenses of narcotics abuse based on the Narcotics Law and the Child Criminal Justice System Law; analysis of decisions used as examples of cases in this study. This research is a descriptive normative legal research analysis. The data used are secondary data and empirical data. Furthermore, analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. The results showed that: First, the criminal act of narcotics crime based on the Narcotics Law and the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law in both laws have narcotics crime; Second, Tebing Tinggi District Court Decision No. 21/Pid.Sus-Anak/2018/PN.TBT., Diversion was not attempted, which the Law Enforcement Officials, investigators, public prosecutors, and judges can seek diversion based on Article 7 of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law to avoid children from the judicial process, but not carried out.

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