scholarly journals Improving Behavior of Castellated Beam by Adding Spacer Plat and Steel Rings

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Wafi Ali Al-Thabhawee ◽  
Muslim Abdul-Ameer Al-Kannoon
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Web Openings ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Beam Depth ◽  
Zigzag Pattern ◽  
Castellated Beam ◽  
The Web

Castellated steel beams are those members which are made from hot rolled steel I-section firstly by cutting the web in zigzag pattern and rejoining the two halves by welding together to form a hexagonal castellated beam such that the depth of section will be increased. Generally, the openings made in the web are with hexagonal shape; however, octagonal shape of web openings is typically obtained by providing spacer plate which is utilized to increase the depth of beam. Nowadays, using castellated beams in building construction becomes very popular because of their useful functions such as ease of service provision, strength and low cost. This study focuses on improving the behavior of hexagonal and octagonal castellated beam with spacer plate. The ultimate strength of the original (parent) I- section beam increases due to the increasing its depth. The increment of castellated beam depth; however, leads to post buckling in its web and to many other modes of failure when these beams are subjected for loading. Hexagonal and octagonal castellated beams which are fabricated using parent I-section (IPN140) are analyzed using finite element model (FEM).The analysis results revealed that using ring stiffeners around edge of holes contributes effectively in strengthening the web. It was found that using ring steel stiffeners can reduce the stress concentration around the edge of holes and improve the behavior of these beams by increasing the ultimate strength and minimizing the deflection. From the numerical (FEM) results obtained by using ANSYS14, it is concluded that ultimate strength of castellated beam can be improved by providing spacer plate and ring stiffeners around the web hole. Also, the results showed that ultimate strength of octagonal castellated steel beam can be increased up to (53%) more than the parent beam (IPN140) with providing only (13.0%) weight of steel (spacer plate plus ring steel stiffeners).

scholarly journals Reinforcing the Octagonal Web Openings of Castellated Beam by Steel Rings

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Hayder W. Al-Thabhawee ◽  
Abbas A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Web Openings ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Allowable Load ◽  
Castellated Beam ◽  
The Web

Castellated steel beams are section steel members with hexagonal or octagonal web openings which they are made from standard hot rolled steel section I or H. The main advantage of these members is their economic material. An additional important advantage is a possibility to guide service ducts through the openings. The presence of the web openings influences the members’ failure behavior around the openings, new local failure modes will come into existence, such as the buckling of the web post between the openings, or yielding around the openings. Castellated beams with octagonal openings usually fail due to web post-buckling because of the increase in depth. The current study focused on improving the behavior of the castellated beam with octagonal openings using steel ring stiffener and adjusting the best dimension and distribution for the stiffeners. All the models of specimens have been fabricated from a parent I section (IPE 140). The models have been modeled and analyzed using finite element software ANSYS (version 15). The analysis results showed that reinforcing octagonal castellated beams by adding steel ring stiffeners around octagonal web opening was very active way to increase the ultimate load for long span, where the ultimate load of reinforced octagonal castellated beam increased up to (286%) compared with parent I-section beam. Economically, the percentage of additional steel material which used to expansion and reinforce the castellated beams (spacer plate and steel ring stiffeners) was (36%) when compared with the weight of parent I-section beam. While the allowable load at deflection (L/180) was (260 %) compared to the allowable load of parent section at the same deflection. The gained benefit was increasing the ultimate and allowable load of reinforced octagonal castellated beams by (186%) and (160%) respectively by using additional steel material only (36%) from the weight of parent I- section, which the additional steel material consisted from the spacer plates and steel rings. Also, the results indicate that the best dimensions for the ring were when thickness equal to the web thickness of the parent section and the width equal to the half of the parent section flange width.

Experimental study for improving behavior of castellated steel beam using steel rings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Wafi Al-Thabhawee ◽  
Abbas Ali Al-Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Rolled Steel ◽  
Zigzag Pattern ◽  
Post Buckling ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled Steel ◽  
Castellated Beam ◽  
The Web

AbstractCastellated beams are made from a hot rolled steel I-section in a few steps. Firstly, the web of the parent I-section is cut in a particular zigzag pattern and the two halves are reconnected by welding to form a castellated beam with hexagonal openings. In other cases, a spacer plate is placed between the two halves to produce octagonal openings, which increase the section depth. Increasing the depth by adding spacer plates leads to web-post buckling. This study focuses on improving the castellated beam to obtain high strength with relatively low cost by placing a steel ring inside the octagonal openings to strengthen the weakest part, which is its web. The results show that the steel ring is effective in strengthening the web-post.

Steel beams with web openings reinforced on one side

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Lupien ◽  
Richard G. Redwood
Keyword(s):  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Web Openings ◽  
The One ◽  
The Web

Tests are described on six beams containing mid-depth rectangular holes which were reinforced by welding horizontal bars to one side of the web. The objective was to evaluate the effect of one-sided reinforcement on the ultimate strength. Particular reference was made to beams with slender webs and to the effect of moment-to-shear ratio. The efficiency of the one-sided reinforcement was judged on the basis of the predicted capacity of a symmetrically reinforced beam with the same reinforcement area. It was found that, due to strain hardening, the ultimate strength achieved was in some cases equal to this predicted strength and, on the basis of such results, suggestions relating to design are made.

scholarly journals Numerical analysis of castellated beams with oval openings

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Yanuar Setiawan ◽  
Ay Lie Han ◽  
Buntara Sthenly Gan ◽  
Junaedi Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
The Web

The use of castellated beams has become more popular in the last two decades. The main idea for the use of these types of steel beams is to reduce their self-weight by providing openings in the web of wide flange (WF) or I sections. Numerous research on castellated beams has been conducted, the majority of the studies aimed to optimize the opening size and the shape configuration of the openings. A numerical analysis of castellated beams with oval openings was performed in this study. The sections under investigation had variations in the height-to-length ratios of the beam. The Do to D and b to Do ratios were kept at a constant. The D value was defined as the height of the beam, while Do is the height of the opening, and b is the width of the opening. The numerical analysis was performed by the finite element analysis using the STRAND7 software. The numerical model was further validated to the experimental data. The results showed that the developed finite element model resulted in a very good representation to the actual behavior of the sections.

scholarly journals STUDI KOMPARASI KUAT GESER BALOK KASTELA MODIFIKASI DARI PROFIL IWF

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Murtopo ◽  
Achmad Rafi'ud Darajat ◽  
Herlita Prawenti
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Static Testing ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Reinforced Steel ◽  
Castellated Beam ◽  
The Web

<p class="abstract">Castellated steel beam is an engineered profile of steel beams to optimize its flexural strength. The consequence of this engineering is that the shear strength becomes weak because there are openings in the web. Researches to improve the shear strength of castellated beams has been carried out by modification these beams. Comparison is needed to determine the most optimal of castellated steel beam modification shear strength. The comparative method is carried out on existing research of modified castellated steel beams made from 150x75x7x5 IWF steel profiles, modifications in the form of openings engineering and the addition of stiffeners to openings and static testing. Types of beams that are compared includes original castellated beam, original castellated beam with lateral stiffeners, modified castellated beam with elbow steel stiffeners, modified castellated beam with reinforced steel diagonal stiffeners, and modified castellated beam with full rectangular openings and reinforced steel diagonal stiffeners. The comparison results show that modified castellated beam with full rectangular openings and reinforced steel diagonal stiffener have the most optimal shear strength with an increase of 146.54% compared to the original castellated beam.</p>

scholarly journals Experimental and Finite Element Method of Castellated Steel Beam with and without Hexagonal web opening

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S3) ◽  
pp. 421-424
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Web Openings ◽  
Web Opening ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Castellated Beam

Castellated beams are made from the conventional I section by the process named as Castellation Process. As of late, broad examination on these castellated steel beams has been directed, including various shapes in web openings. The primary objective of these examination works was to assess and dissect its ideal opening sizes and shapes arrangement. For the most part castellated beam are given hexagonal, round and square formed openings. The finite element investigation is most favored technique for comprehension the flexural strength of castellated beams. In this examination, experimental and numerical displaying approach is utilized for deciding spacing between openings on hexagonal castellated beam. ANSYS software was utilized for the investigation. Opening edge 60o with various opening dispersing 0.15d and 0.25d have beam utilized. Investigation was selected steel beam with and without web openings of ISMB 150 and solid ISMB200 section. Results demonstrated that the castellated bar with hexagonal opening indicated more load carrying capacity and less significant deflection contrasted with solid beam.

scholarly journals Static and Dynamic Analysis of Cellular Beams

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7072-7076
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Web Openings ◽  
Static And Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Web Opening ◽  
Extra Weight ◽  
Castellated Beam ◽  
Neighborhood Impacts ◽  
Weight Proportion

Utilization of castellated beam has become extremely well known nowadays because of its beneficial auxiliary applications. The chief preferred position of castellated beam is increment in vertical twisting solidness, simplicity of administration arrangement and appealing appearance. Anyway one outcome of essence of web opening is the advancement of different neighborhood impacts. This is because of expanded profundity of area with no extra weight, High solidarity to weight proportion, their lower upkeep and painting cost. In this work steel I area was chosen. To break down the static and dynamic conduct of castellated steel beams having different openings were displayed by limited component programming bundle ABAQUS 6.14. Investigation was completed on the beams with consistently circulated burden and their closures are essentially bolstered. The avoidance at focus of beam different disappointment examples are examined. In this investigation of castellated beam having different web openings are dissected by ABAQUS (Finite component analysis).From the Finite component examination results compelling model is recognized.

Built-Up Cold-Formed Steel Beams with Corrugated Webs Connected with Spot Welding

2015 ◽  
Vol 1111 ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ştefan Benzar ◽  
Viorel Ungureanu ◽  
Dan Dubină ◽  
Mircea Burcă
Keyword(s):  
Spot Welding ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Moment Capacity ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Beam Depth ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
The Web

Corrugated web girders emerged in the past two decades. Their main advantages consists in the possibility to use slender webs avoiding the risk of premature local buckling. Consequently, higher moment capacity might be obtained increasing the beam depth with really thin webs, which are stiffened by the corrugations. Increased interest for this solution was observed for the main frames of single-storey steel buildings and steel bridges. A new solution was proposed at the Politehnica University of Timisoara, in which the beam is composed by a web of trapezoidal steel sheet and flanges of back-to-back lipped channel steel sections. This solution uses self-drilling screws for connecting flanges to the web and to ensure the continuity of the web as seam fasteners. Starting from this new technological solution the paper extends and investigates the use of spot welding as seam fastening to build the web, in order to increase the degree of automation of fabrication. Experimental work of specimens in shear having two or three layers of steel sheets connected by spot welding will be presented. The results will be implemented on a numerical model in order to study the behaviour of the beams presented above.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation on coal loading process of shearer drum based on discrete element method

2021 ◽  
pp. 014459872110135
Author(s):  
Zhen Tian ◽  
Shuangxi Jing ◽  
Lijuan Zhao ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Shan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Discrete Element Method ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Loading Process ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Element Method

The drum is the working mechanism of the coal shearer, and the coal loading performance of the drum is very important for the efficient and safe production of coal mine. In order to study the coal loading performance of the shearer drum, a discrete element model of coupling the drum and coal wall was established by combining the results of the coal property determination and the discrete element method. The movement of coal particles and the mass distribution in different areas were obtained, and the coal particle velocity and coal loading rate were analyzed under the conditions of different helix angles, rotation speeds, traction speeds and cutting depths. The results show that with the increase of helix angle, the coal loading first increases and then decreases; with the increase of cutting depth and traction speed, the coal loading rate decreases; the increase of rotation speed can improve the coal loading performance of drum to a certain extent. The research results show that the discrete element numerical simulation can accurately reflect the coal loading process of the shearer drum, which provides a more convenient, fast and low-cost method for the structural design of shearer drum and the improvement of coal loading performance.

Behaviour of hybrid steel beams with closely spaced web openings

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rujuta A. Bhat ◽  
Laxmikant M. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Steel Beams ◽  
Web Openings
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