scholarly journals Dampak Kebakaran Hutan Terhadap Flora Dan Sifat Tanah Mineral Di Kawasan Hutan Kabupaten Pelalawan Provinsi Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Basuki Wasis ◽  
Bambang Hero Saharjo ◽  
Robi Deslia Waldi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Research Show

Forest fires cause the death of flora, soil damage and smoke disasters. The research was corected at the productivity forest and soil samples were taken through purposive sampling. The result of research show that forest fires cause the death of flora by 100% and erosion occurring at the dept of 5-10 cm. Forest fires cause a significant increase in pH, Ca and Mg mineral soils, and reduce organic C, total microorganisms, total fungi and soil respiration significantly. Forest fires increase soil pH and soil fertility due to ash remaining combustion. The residual combustion ash comes from organic material (natural forest biomass and organic matter) which is burned was which of nutrient needed fan the growth of the vegetation in the forest.Keywords: forest fires, mineral soils, soil fertility, soil properties

scholarly journals Soil fertility status of some of the intensive crop growing areas under major agroecological zones of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC Shil ◽  
MA Saleque ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
M Jahiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
High Level

Laboratory studies on soil fertility evaluation was carried out across major agroecological zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh to know the nutrient status of soils and to relate those with soil properties like pH, organic matter, CEC, and clay content. Thirty five composite soil samples were collected from intensive crop growing sites, which covered 17 AEZs of Bangladesh. After proper processing, the samples were analyzed for texture, pH, organic carbon, CEC, exchangeable cations (K, Ca, Mg and Na), total N, available P and S following standard methods. The textural class of the soils collected from AEZ 12 and 13 appeared to be mostly clay. Clay loam soil was found in AEZ 4, 8, 9, 11, 25 and 28. Loamy soil was seen in AEZ 1 while AEZ 22, 23 and 29 were mostly sandy textured. The results revealed that 65.7% of the tested soil was acidic while 25.7% was alkaline in nature. All the tested soils showed lower pHKCl compared to pHH2O thus possessed negative charge. About 68.6% of the collected soils contained low (1.10-1.70%) level of organic matter, 25.7% soils retained it at medium level (1.71-2.40) and 5.7% soils at very low level (<1.0%). All the tested soils appeared to be deficient (< 0.12%) in nitrogen content. 68.6% soil samples had the low level of available P while only 8.6% retained it an optimum amount. About 80% of the tested soils contained low level of available S (7.9- 14.7 mg kg -1) although coastal regions soils hold higher amount of available S. High CEC (20-38 cmol kg-1) was found in clay rich soils of AEZ 10, 11, 12, and 13. Study revealed that 40% of the collected soils were very low, 31.4% were low, 8.6% each of medium and optimum, and 11.4% contained high level of exchangeable K. The calcareous soils (AEZ 10, 11, 12 and 13) contained very high level of Ca. Non calcareous soils also showed fairly good level of Ca content except AEZ 1, 3, 23 and 29. Sandy textured soils of greater Dinajpur, Rangpur, Moulvibazar showed lower level of exchangeable Mg. About 86% of the tested soils had the lower (< 2%) potassium saturation percentage (KSP), which needs K application for sustainable crop production. Estimate showed that 44% variability for CEC may be attributed by clay content and the relationship was significant (p = 0.05). Again, 50.4 and 65.6% variability in exchangeable K and Mg, respectively may be governed by clay content of the soils, while such relationship for Ca was non-significant. CEC may contribute 62.2, 92.3 and 83.9% variability for exchangeable K, Ca and Mg content in soils, respectively. The fertility status of most of the studied soils (except AEZ 10, 12, 13 and to some extent 11) appeared to be low to very low, which demand judicious management in order to achieve food security and to conserve the soil fertility.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 735-757, December 2016

scholarly journals Impact of expected global warming on C mineralization in maritime Antarctic soils: results of laboratory experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vanir de Souza Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo de Sá Mendonça ◽  
Rui Tarcísio Barbosa ◽  
Efrain Lázaro Reis ◽  
Paulo Negrais Seabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractThis study concerned the fragility of maritime Antarctic soils under increasing temperature, using the C dynamics and structural characteristics of humic substances as indicators. Working with four representative soils from King George Island (Lithic Thiomorphic Cryosol (LTC1 and LTC2), Ornithogenic Cryosol (OG) and Gelic Organosol (ORG)) we evaluated the total organic C and nitrogen contents, the oxidizable C and humic substances. Soil samples were incubated to assess the amount of C potentially mineralizable at temperatures typical of an Antarctic summer (5–14°C). Humic acids showed a higher aliphatic character and a smaller number of condensed aromatic groups, which suggests that these molecules from Antarctic soils are generally less resistant to microbial degradation than humic acids molecules from other regions. Based on 13C NMR spectra of MAS and CP/MAS, samples of soil humic acids of mineral soils (LTC1 and LTC2) have a higher content of aliphatic C, and heteroatom C, with lower levels of carbonyl and aromatic C, when compared with organic matter-rich soils (OG and ORG). Increasing incubation temperature led to a higher rate of mineralizable C in all soils. A sequence of soil fragility was suggested - LTC1 and LTC2 > OG > ORG - which showed a correlation with the Q10 coefficient and the ratio of labile and recalcitrant C fractions of soil organic matter (R2 = 0.83).

Assessment and Mapping soil fertility status of Potato Super Zone, Kavrepalanchowk

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
S. P. Vista ◽  
T. B. Ghimire ◽  
T. S. Rai ◽  
B. S. Kutu ◽  
B. K. Karna
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Fertility Status

Potato is a staple food crop in high hills and mountains and a major vegetable throughout the country and one of the most important cash generating crops in Nepal. With the efforts undertaken by research and extension sectors, its productivity has significantly increased in last twenty years. However, this is not sufficient for increasing population of the country. Considering its potentiality for income, employment, industrial products, export and processing, appropriate technologies are urgent.Soil fertility evaluation is the most basic decision making tool for the sustainable soil nutrient management. Soil fertility studies and mapping is an effective way to diagnose soil status and recommend as per the need of the nutrient to particular crop in the area. This research aims to assess and prepare soil nutrient map of potato super zone, Kavrepalanchowk in Nepal. The specific objectives of the research were to assess soil texture, pH and organic matter status and simultaneously prepare soil fertility map of the potato super zone. A total of 202 soil samples were collected and nutrients were analyzed using standard procedure in the soil laboratory. Composite soil samples were collected from 6 to 10 different spots of the area at 0-20 cm depth by using soil auger. The GPS location of each soil sampling point was noted. The soil sampling point of each zone was determined by studying various aspects (area, slope, colour, texture, etc.) of the study area. Based on the nutrient status, nutrient maps were prepared and presented. Soil fertility maps were prepared by observing the critical nutrients required for the specific crops and by giving those nutrients certain ranking based on the nutrients role for the crop. The soil of Potato super zone was mostly found to be silty loam, moderately acidic (pH 5.9), medium in organic matter content (2.67%) and total nitrogen (0.13%), high in available phosphorus content (56 kg/ha) and available potassium (356kg/ha). There is also sandy loam, loam and silty clay loam types of soil in the area. Soil fertility maps were prepared by setting criteria based on nutrient status that were tested in the laboratory and on the basis of nutrients that are critical for each crops of the super zones. Vegetable super zone soil was found having medium (50%) and high (30%) fertility status. Based on the soil analysis report, it could be concluded that the soils of potato super zone is fair enough for cultivating potato crop at the moment.

scholarly journals Soil Fertility Assessment of Semiarid Soils from Nigeria Cropped to Sorghum

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Nasiru M. Danmowa ◽  
Peter Nkedi- Kizza ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan ◽  
Kamal Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available P ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Semiarid Soils ◽  
Sorghum Production ◽  
Macro Nutrients

The aim of this study is to characterize the fertility status of the Dingyadi soils from semiarid Northern Nigeria, by using different methods of extraction to assess the potential for soil available macro and micronutrients to the sorghum crop. The study also compared concentrations of extractable nutrients between extractants for ascertaining the possibility of using one method to quantify a variety of plant-available nutrients in soils. Surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface (15-30 cm) soil samples were collected along a topo-sequence at Dingyadi Sokoto-Nigeria, where sorghum had been grown, to characterize the soil chemical and physical properties that can influence soil fertility for sorghum production. The topo-sequence consisted of valley floor (TLL1), middle (TUP2), and crest (TUP3) positions of the slope. At each position 60 concentrations of each plant nutrient were used for the comparisons.Soil extraction for nutrients was carried out at the Environmental Soil Physics laboratory, Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, while analysis of aliquots for the elements was carried out at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, Florida. The study was carried out over a period of eight months, in 2016-2017. Soil samples were extracted using different extraction methods (Mehlich-3, Bray-1, Ammonium acetate, and DI-Water). A soil to solution ratio of 1:1 was used across all extraction methods to facilitate comparison between methods. However, a test was carried out to examine the effect of soil to solution ratio of (1:10) on extractable macro nutrients using Mehlich3 for randomly selected soil samples across the topo-sequence. Soil samples were also analyzed for texture, pH, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). All soil soils were sandy, low in organic matter content, and CEC.With respect to sorghum production, the soils had adequate nutrients (Mg, Ca, K, and P) and soil pH. All soil samples contained no exchangeable K. Mehlich3 extracted higher available P than Bray1 in TLL1, but equal amounts in TUP2 and TUP3. Good correlations exist between extracting methods for macro nutrients (Mg, Ca, K, and P). Bray1 method used for available P is not suitable for soils that have pH greater than 7 determined in water. Mehlich3 is more suitable for the semiarid soils of Northern Nigeria that are acidic or alkaline. The Mehlich3 method should be calibrated with yield response of crops to substitute for Bray1 available phosphorus. Also, Mehlich3 method could be used for the multi-nutrient test with a good correlation with other methods like ammonium acetate for exchangeable bases.

Effects of mineral and organic fertilizers on soil organic carbon fractions in agricultural chestnut soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Enkhtuya D ◽  
Tuul D ◽  
Munkhtsetseg T
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Organic C

Soil organic matter can be analyzed on the basis of the different fractions. Changes in the levels of organic matter, caused by land use, can be better understood by alterations in the different fractions. Therefore in order to discover tendency of soil fertility sustainability it is significant to research on stable and labile form fractions of soil organic carbon by advanced methodology and modern technique. Our research work aimedto evaluate the effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on the labile and stable organic carbon of the chestnut soil in Mongolia. The soils samples used in this study we collected from variants of mineral (N60P40K40), organic (biohumus 1t / hec.) Fertilizer and their combination of the Long-term fertilizers experiments of Plant and Agriculture Institute Changes in soil organic C by land use for agricultural purposes occurred mainly in the fraction of particulate organic matter (> 20 μm). The clay and silt fractions were quatified with a Mastersizer S after distruction organic substances and carbonates using H2O2 and HCI and the sand fraction was determined by wet sieving. According to our research, the stable form of organic carbon in chestnut soil is 39, 0-40,1% of the total fine particle size and 59, 9-61,0% of the active form fraction. On the other hand, variants with fertilizer tend to have increased stabile composition of soil organic carbon. It indicates that soil fertility protection and increased stability are possible in the country’s agricultural technology if use mineral and organic fertilizers.

scholarly journals Assessment of soil fertility status of Agriculture Research Station, Belachapi, Dhanusha, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Khadka ◽  
Sushil Lamichhane ◽  
Shahabuddin Khan ◽  
Sushila Joshi ◽  
Buddhi Bahadur Pant
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

Soil test-based fertility management is important for sustainable soil management. This study was carried out to determine the soil fertility status of the Agriculture Research Station, Belachapi, Dhanusha, Nepal. Using soil sampling auger 25 soil samples were collected randomly from a depth of 0-20 cm. Soil sampling points were identified using GPS device. Following standard methods adopted by Soil Science Division laboratory, Khumaltar, the collected soil samples were analyzed to find out their texture, pH, N, P2O5, K2O, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and organic matter status. The soil fertility status maps were made using Arc-GIS 10.1 software. The observed data revealed that soil was grayish brown in colour and sub-angular blocky in structure. The sand, silt and clay content were 36.03±3.66%, 50.32±2.52% and 25.42±2.25%, respectively and categorized as eight different classes of texture. The soil was acidic in pH (5.61±0.14). The available sulphur (0.73±0.09 ppm) status was very low, whereas organic matter (1.34±0.07%), available boron (0.56±0.10 ppm), available zinc (0.54±0.22 ppm) and available copper (0.30±0.01 ppm) were low in status. The extractable potassium (95.52±13.37 ppm) and extractable calcium (1264.8±92.80ppm) exhibited medium in status. In addition, available phosphorus (33.25±6.97 ppm), available magnesium (223.20±23.65 ppm) and available manganese (20.50±2.43 ppm) were high in status. Furthermore, available iron (55.80±8.89 ppm) status was very high. To improve the potentiality of crops (maize, rice, wheat etc.) for studied area, future research strategy should be made based on its soil fertility status.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO SOBRE A REDUÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE MICROBIANA NA ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO CRESCIMENTO DO MILHO E RESPIRAÇÃO DO SOLO

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Bruna Coelho de Lima ◽  
Fabio Fernando de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Basal Soil Respiration

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of organic matter and organic matter irradiated to the soil, on corn growth and soil respiration. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and microbiology laboratory. For organic fertilization, bovine manure was taken from the dairy farm. To reduce microbial activity in manure, the irradiation technique was used using the microwave oven. The experimental design was a completely randomized block containing five treatments, with and without irradiation and four replications. At 65 days after sowing, height and dry mass evaluations of plants were made. Soil samples were also collected for the evaluation of microbial activity by basal soil respiration method. The application of natural manure favored the greater microbial activity in the soil when compared to the same organic matter irradiated. Natural manure promoted the highest growth of maize indicating doses close to ten tons per hectare with a significant quadratic adjustment (p <0.05), which did not occur in the use of irradiated manure that provided linear adjustment.

scholarly journals Availibility of P, K in paddy Land Under Organic application

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-440
Author(s):  
Fitra Syawal Harahap ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Benny Hidayat ◽  
Hilwa Walida ◽  
Jamidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Review Management ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

Organic materials in situ remaining paddy crops in paddy fields are much abandoned by farmers. Most of the remaining harvested are burned, stacked in the cultivated, or used for animal feed or as a fungus. Straw compost is source of Potassium (K) and Silica (Si). About 80% of K absorbed by plants is in the straw. The return of straw to the soil may slow the impoverishment of Potassium (K) in the soil. This study aims to find out how the availability of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrients by giving organic matter as soil fertility status in paddy fields in Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency and to review management alternatives that are in accordance with the soil fertility status in the Central Land Rice fields in Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. This research was carried out in the Central Rice Field in Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency ± 11 meters above sea level. The taking of soil samples was taken in the upper layer at the top soil depth of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and the coordinates were recorded using GPS (Global Positioning System). While information on land management is obtained by direct observation in the field and in-depth interviews with farmers in snow ball which aims to obtain complete information from farmers. Soil samples that have been taken in the field are then analyzed in the laboratory. Soil chemical properties analyzed in laboratory soil chemical properties analyzed at P2O5 Bray II (ppm) laboratory K2O Hcl 25% (mg / 100g). To determine the chemical properties of soil with certain criteria that have been determined. Based on Technical Guidelines for Evaluation of Soil Fertility The direction of management of soil fertility needs to be added to organic matter and phosphorus fertilization regularly so that soil fertility can be sustainable. Further research is needed in order to find out the addition of phosphorus fertilizer and organic matter in each unit of land.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Primary Macro Nutrients on Arboretum Area in Lampung University Campus, Gedong Meneng

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Nur Afni Afrianti ◽  
Tamaluddin Syam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Tree Litter ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Macro Nutrients

Vegetation has a strong influence on soil characteristics. Vegetation can contribute organic matter sand nutrients to the soil. This study aimed to assess soil fertility through various approaches physical and chemical soil on various types of cover crop in the  arboretum area at University of Lampung, and determined the type of cover crop that had the best effect on soil fertility. The research was be conducted by a survey method, which made observations on the soil characteristics of six species of cover crops following were rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia), teak (Tectona grandis), albizia (Paraserianthes Albiziaria), acacia (Acasia mangium), fern tree (Filicium desipiens), and mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King). Soil characteristics observed data were the physical and chemical properties, obtained by field observations, through boring profiles and soil sampling. The results showed that soil fertility on rosewood, albizia, acacia and mahogany on campus area of Lampung University had contents of soil organic C, organic matter, and soil total N higher than teak and Fern tree. Litter from Rosewood, Albizia, and acacia had the best effect on soil fertility, so they could be the best covered vegetation to improve soil characteristics related to optimal and sustainable of land management.Keyword : Acacia, albizia, arboretum, cover crop, fern tree, litter, macronutrient, mahogany, rosewood, teak, and vegetation. [How to Cite: Nur AA and T Syam. 2014. Evaluation of Primary Macro Nutrients on Arboretum Area in Lampung University Campus, Gedong Meneng. J Trop Soils 19(2): 101-107. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.101]   

The long-term effect of biochar on composition of soil organic matter 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Pärnpuu ◽  
Karin Kauer ◽  
Henn Raave
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Soil Hydrophobicity ◽  
Som Decomposition

&lt;p&gt;Biochar has been described as relatively stable form of C with long mean residence time due to its predominantly aromatic structure. Addition of biochar can sequester C in the soil, albeit the effect of biochar on native soil organic C decomposition, whether it stimulates or reduces the decomposition of native soil organic matter, requires further understanding. The aim of this research was to study the long-term impact of biochar (BC) on the composition of soil organic matter (SOM) in Fragi-Stagnic Albeluvisol. The work was compiled on the basis of field experiment, set up on a production field in 2011. The experiment was drawn up of two treatments and four replicates, where on half of the replicates slow-pyrolysis hardwood BC (51.8% C, 0.43% N) produced at 500-600 &amp;#176;C was applied 50 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. The soil samples were collected from 0-10 cm soil layer in autumn 2020. The air-dried samples were sieved through a 2-mm sieve and divided into two fractions: the particulate organic matter (POM) fraction (soil particles larger than 0.063 mm) and the mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) (&lt;0.063 mm) by density fractionation method. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (Ntot) concentrations of bulk soil and fractions were measured. The chemical composition of SOM was studied using &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Bulk soil samples and fractions were pretreated with 10% HF solution before NMR spectroscopy analysis. Two indices were calculated: the ratio of alkyl C/O-alkyl C, which describes the degree of SOM decomposition and soil hydrophobicity (HI): (aromatic-C+alkyl-C)/O/N-Alkyl-C.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The addition of BC to the soil increased the SOC concentration but did not influence the Ntot concentration and the soil C/N ratio increased from 11.6 to 16.7. The distribution of POM and MAOM was not affected by the BC and POM proportion accounted for an average of 57&amp;#8211;58%. The SOC concentrations of POM and MAOM fractions were higher in the BC variant. The BC increased the proportion of aromatic-C in the SOM, as the proportion of aromatic-C in initial BC was high (almost 92%). Initially the BC is inherently highly hydrophobic and increased the HI of bulk soil, POM, and MAOM fractions. The HI increased in line: MAOM&lt;bulk&lt;POM (1.51&lt;1.67&lt;1.97). An increase in HI inhibits the decomposition of SOM and it was also confirmed by a decreased ratio of alkyl-C/O-alkyl-C after the BC addition. The decomposition degree was lowest in POM fraction where SOC concentration was more than doubled due to BC. The suppressed decomposition was caused by the limitation of soil Ntot concentration and increased C/N ratio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion, the effect of BC on the composition of SOM was still evident after 10 years of increasing SOC concentration and soil hydrophobicity and decreasing SOM decomposition degree promoting C sequestration to the soil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This work was supported by the Estonian Research Council grant PSG147.&lt;/p&gt;

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