scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA WAKTU TANAM DENGAN HASIL DAN PROFITABILITAS BUDIDAYA KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum l.) DI CIKAJANG, GARUTRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PLANTING TIME AND YIELD AS WELL AS PROFITABILITY OF GROWING POTATO ...

Agromet ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Rakhmat Hanafi Ajis ◽  
I Handoko
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Balance Analysis

Relationships between planting time and yield as well as profitability of growing potato were investigated in Cikajang, Garut, based on water balance analysis and survey to potato farmers of the area. In general, there were three planting dates namely December-January, April-May and August-September. Yield and profitability of growing potato for planting time of August-September was less compared to the other two planting times due to lack of soil-water availability related to less rainfall as well as its high rainfall variability during dry season (coefficient of variation = 133%). Yields of potato for planting times December-January, April-May and August-September were (21.4 + 3.4), (20.5 + 3.5) and (16.9 + 2.2) tonnes/ha, respectively.Relationships between planting time and yield as well as profitability of growing potato were investigated in Cikajang, Garut, based on water balance analysis and survey to potato farmers of the area. In general, there were three planting dates namely December-January, April-May and August-September. Yield and profitability of growing potato for planting time of August-September was less compared to the other two planting times due to lack of soil-water availability related to less rainfall as well as its high rainfall variability during dry season (coefficient of variation = 133%). Yields of potato for planting times December-January, April-May and August-September were (21.4 + 3.4), (20.5 + 3.5) and (16.9 + 2.2) tonnes/ha, respectively.

scholarly journals ANALISIS NERACA AIR UNTUK PENETAPAN PERIODE TANAM TANAMAN PANGAN DI PROPINSI BANTEN (ANALYSIS OF WATER BALANCE FOR DETERMINE GROWING PERIODS OF FOOD CROPS IN BANTEN PROVINCE)

Agromet ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
T. Hidayat ◽  
Yonny Kusmaryono ◽  
A. Pramudia
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Balance Analysis

<p>Growing periods can be determined using water balance analysis to decrease harvest risk in certain area. Generally, there are two types of land use for crop, irrigated land and non-irrigated land. The experiment aims to determine growing periods of food crop in Banten Province. Modified method of Thornthwaite and Mather of bookkeeping system of water balance has been used base on decades data. Water balance analysis of irrigated land showed that in the area of Serang District has growing periods potencially of 140-170 days with growing periods starting from Dec2 till Jan1, but necessary need water supply from irrigation as amount 8.5-22.5 mm to growing rise twice a year or planted with other food crops after rice if no irrigation. Meanwhile in Tangerang District (Pakuhaji) and Pandeglang District (Pagelaran) has potency of 182-193 days of growing periods with starting on Sep3 at Pakuhaji and on Dec3 at Pagelaran. In these area rice can be planted twice a year without irrigation. Futhermore, for non-irrigation/land with monthly high rainfall, the analysis indicated that the area has potency of growing periods of 182 days as even through the year. Planting dates can be started from Oct1 till Dec1, with sequence of rice-rice or rice-rice-other food crops.</p>

scholarly journals Drought resistance of sugar-cane crop for different levels of water availability in the soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando da S. Barbosa ◽  
Rubens D. Coelho ◽  
Rafael Maschio ◽  
Carlos J. G. de S. Lima ◽  
Everaldo M. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Different Levels

Soil water availability is the main cause of reduced productivity, and the early development period most sensitive to water deficit. This study aimed to evaluate the drought resistance of the varieties of sugar-cane RB867515 and SP81-3250 during the early development using different levels of water deficit on four soil depths. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Biosystems at Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP) in a greenhouse in soil classified as Oxisol, sandy loam texture (Series "Sertãozinho"). Once exhausted the level of available water in the soil, the dry strength of the studied strains are relatively low. Water balance with values less than -13 mm cause a significant decrease in the final population of plants, regardless of the variety, and values below -35 mm, leads to the death of all plants.

scholarly journals Soil Water Balance and Vegetation Dynamics in a Semi-arid Mediterranean Ecosystem

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Daliakopoulos ◽  
Ioanna Panagea ◽  
Luca Brocca ◽  
Erik van den Elsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Water Balance Models ◽  
Semi Arid

Under arid conditions, where water availability is the limiting factor for plant survival, water balance models can be used to explain vegetation dynamics. [...]

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PLANTING PATTERN BASED ON WATER BALANCE ANALYSIS FOR FARMING PLANNING AT DRYLANDS IN THE TROPIC (A CASE STUDY IN GUNUNG MAS DISTRICT, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN PROVINCE, INDONESIA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-618
Author(s):  
Vera Amelia ◽  
Soaloon Sinaga ◽  
Andy Bhermana
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Growth Requirement ◽  
The Tropics

The existence of water as a crop growth requirement is a prerequisite in tropical drylands. In addition, water balance, as an important part of climate change, is needed to be accessed under certain conditions. This study aimed to observe water availability and analyze water balance at drylands for farming planning purposes. The results of this study were then required to determine planting patterns and farming planning in the tropics, in which information related to hydrology is still lack. The Thornthwaite-Mather method approach was used in this study to analyze water balance in areas observed and. Because of its simplicity, this method can also be applied to areas with limited data. The water balance analysis that provides the information on water availability can be used as basic consideration for farming planning, especially at drylands in which water availability is a critical factor for farming activities. In tropical drylands, the cropping pattern of food crops – secondary crops – fallow – horticulture crops can be proposed within farming planning. Maize as a food crop can be planted for the early planting period in January, in which it can be harvested at the age of 80 days around March. In the following month, secondary crops such as soybeans can be planted and harvested at 135 days. Fallow periods during August and September, the lands cannot be optimally used because of water deficit. Entering the beginning of October, the land can be cultivated and prepared for the next crop, eggplant, as horticultural crops, harvested at 135 days in early February.

scholarly journals Temporal Water Balance Analysis in Different Climatic Scenarios in Oyo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Oyebamiji Ogunbode ◽  
Ifatokun Paul Ifabiyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Increasing Trends

The study was conducted to examine water availability in different climatic scenarios in Oyo State. The data used comprised of rainfall and temperature records. The spans of the data used vary from one station to the other: 38-year data for Ibadan and 37-year for Ogbomoso stations, both collected from NIMET Office, Ilorin while 11-year also collected from the Office of Oyo State Agricultural Development Programme (OYSADEP) Headquarters at Shaki were available for Shaki Station. Evapotranspiration data for the three stations were empirically generated while water balance model was computed using MATLAB R2007a version in order to determine the respective water availability and the regression analysis was used to determine rainfall trends. The results showed that rainfall amounts vary from year to year and also increasing trends in the three stations over the period examined. It was also discovered that in all the periods investigated across the stations, Ibadan has 81.58%, Shaki, 81.81% and Ogbomoso, 56.80% as wet years indicating that there is abundant water resources in Oyo State. It is recommended that strategies  be put in place to exploit excess rainwater for various purposes especially by increasing the capacity of water reservoirs and dams across the State for development of pipe borne water network and also, for irrigation farming during dry spells. Further investigation is recommended on water balance and its implications for agricultural practice in the study area.

scholarly journals Analisis Neraca Air Permukaan Sub DAS Krueng Khee Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1002-1008
Author(s):  
Arini Putri ◽  
Susi Chairani ◽  
Ichwana Ichwana
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Input Surface ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Surface Water Storage

Pengetahuan mengenai ketersediaan air dan kebutuhan air sangat penting untuk mengetahui keseimbangan air. Perhitungan neraca air permukaan dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ketersediaan air permukaan pada Sub DAS Krueng Khee untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air domestik dan irigasi. Data klimatologi dan sosial pada tahun 2014 yang digunakan pada penelitian. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diketahui potensi air permukaan Sub DAS Krueng Khee berasal dari air sungai dan curah hujan efektif. Jumlah potensi air dari air sungai pada tahun 2014 adalah 16.891.372,8/tahun. Ketersediaan air yang berasal dari curah hujan efektif digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kebutuhan air irigasi. Kebutuhan air yang terdapat di Sub DAS Krueng Khee meliputi: kebutuhan air domestik, irigasi, peternakan, dan industri. Analisis neraca air permukaan dilaksanakan dengan mengurangkan input air permukaan dengan output air pada daerah penelitian. Keseimbangan air permukaan (surface water balance) yang dicapai untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air di Sub DAS Krueng Khee pada tahun 2014 adalah: Perubahan simpanan air permukaan ( maksimum yaitu 4.279.181,10 /bulan pada bulan Januari (surplus), rata-rata yaitu 1.255.403,945 /bulan dan minimum yaitu 383.486,90/bulan pada bulan Oktober. Sepanjang tahun 2014 tidak terjadi kekurangan ketersediaan air untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air total Sub DAS Krueng Khee.Knowledge about water availability and water demand is significant to water balance awareness. Accounting surface water balance is to find out capability of surface water availability in Sub Watershed Krueng Khee in order to fulfill domestic and irigation water demand. Chilmatology and social data in year 2014 were used in this research. Based on the result the source of surface water potential in Sub Watershed Krueng Khee source are river water and effective rainfall. The amount of water potential from the river in year 2014 was 16.891.372,8/year. The water availability from effective ranfall used to fulfill irigation. Water demand in Sub wathershed Krueng Khee divers from domestic water demand, irigation, livestock and industry. Surface water balance analysis perfomed by subtracting input surface water with the water output in the research area. Surface water balance achieved to fulfill water demand in Sub Watershed Krueng Khee in 2014: surface water storage ( maximum was 4.279.181,10 /month in January (surplus), average was 1.255.403,945 / month and minimum was 383.486,90/month in October. Throughout the year 2014 there was no shortage of water availability to fulfill the water demand in Sub Wathershed Krueng Khee

Water Resources in Chile

2022 ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Javier Lozano Parra ◽  
Jacinto Garrido Velarde ◽  
Ignacio Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Soil Water Resources

This study quantifies the current and future soil water balance in a spatially distributed way for the whole of Chile and establishes what biomes will be the most affected by variations in water resources. The study of water resources reveals that 90% of surface Chile will reduce its soil water resources in the future if greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere does not stop. The most disadvantaged biomes are the forests, where soil water availability could decrease an average of 100 mm/year. Desert biomes could not perceive the hydrological imbalances; however, it is expected its surface increases.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA AIR DAS YEH PENET SEBAGAI AIR IRIGASI DAN AIR BAKU PDAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Mudiasa ◽  
IG. B Sila Dharma ◽  
I Ketut Suputra
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Alternative Plan ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Water Surplus

Abstract : Tukad Penet is one of the biggest rivers in Bali which is used to support farming and fresh water demand. The increasing of water demand in various sectors such as for irrigation and drink water recently using water from Yeh Penet source shows the over use of its water has caused some conflicts between the use of the water user for irrigation and another use. Therefore, it was needed to review the use of Yeh Penet water to see how big the potential of its water that could be exploited to support the water source demand. The optimal analysis of water usage was carried out in six regional irrigation (DI) used Penet river water such as DI Peneng, DI Kacangan, DI Luwuscarang Sari, DI Penarungan, DI Kapal and DI Munggu. This analysis was based on cropping, planting and water management as well as a maximum water raw demand of the regional company of drinking water (PDAM) in Tabanan and Badung regency. Based on the simulation result, water availability in each irrigation regional (DI) depended on the cropping and planting. It was needed to provide the planting and rotation system for some irrigation regionals in river fluctuation discharge. The deficit of irrigation water balance occurred in DI Peneng, DI Luwuscarang sari, and DI Kacangan. The optimal use of irrigation water in the third irrigation regional was carried out by using planting stimulation and water management. The water balance analysis result at watershed in the part of downstream Penet watershed showed the availability of water surplus occurred in alternative plan I and II. The water balance analysis showed water availability in alternative plan I of a minimum 0.04 million m3 and maximum 1.43 million m3, whereas in alternative plan II the wasted water availability of a maximum 0.25 million m3 and a maximum 1.51 million m3. The potential development of Penet watershed in alternative plan I was 0.67 million m3 (0.52 m3/sec) and in alternative plan II was 0.76 million m3 (0.58 m3/sec) was not able to support the total water demand in Badung and Tabanan regency. Besides, the water source development of Penet watershed only occurred in downstream part of Yeh Penet river to avoid some conflicts of water utilization in Penet watershed.

scholarly journals Soil water dynamics and evapotranspiration of forage cactus clones under rainfed conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 515-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thieres George Freire da Silva ◽  
Jorge Torres Araújo Primo ◽  
Magna Soelma Beserra de Moura ◽  
Sérvulo Mercier Siqueira e Silva ◽  
José Edson Florentino de Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Area Index

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate soil water dynamics in areas cultivated with forage cactus clones and to determine how environmental conditions and crop growth affect evapotranspiration. The study was conducted in the municipality of Serra Talhada, in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Crop growth was monitored through changes in the cladode area index (CAI) and through the soil cover fraction, calculated at the end of the cycle. Real evapotranspiration (ET) of the three evaluated clones was obtained as the residual term in the soil water balance method. No difference was observed between soil water balance components, even though the evaluated clones were of different genus and had different CAI increments. Accumulated ET was of 1,173 mm during the 499 days of the experiment, resulting in daily average of 2.35 mm. The CAI increases the water consumption of the Orelha de Elefante Mexicana clone. In dry conditions, the water consumption of the Miúda clone responds more slowly to variation in soil water availability. The lower evolution of the CAI of the IPA Sertânia clone, during the rainy season, leads to a higher contribution of the evaporation component in ET. The atmospheric demand controls the ET of clones only when there is higher soil water availability; in this condition, the water consumption of the Miúda clone decreases more rapidly with the increase of atmospheric demand.

scholarly journals Maximising the use of soil water by herbaceous species in the high rainfall zone of southern Australia: a review

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Singh ◽  
P. R. Bird ◽  
G. R. Saul
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Pasture Productivity

The planting of deep-rooted pasture species, herbaceous shrubs, and trees has been widely recommended to reduce deep drainage and recharge to the groundwater in the high rainfall zone (HRZ). However, in more recent years, the value of perennial pastures to reduce recharge has been questioned in areas with >600 mm annual rainfall. Currently, pastures dominated by annual species with relatively low productivity occur across much of the HRZ where deep drainage is most likely contributing to recharge. This review outlines our current understanding of water use by various herbaceous species, and indicates ways in which their water use may be increased in the HRZ of southern Australia. To reduce deep drainage in the HRZ, the soil water deficit must be increased prior to the opening autumn rains. This will allow a greater storage of water before any potential deep drainage occurs. There are two ways that this can be achieved with the use of herbaceous species. Firstly, change to or encourage species that use more water annually. Although plants with deeper root systems including lucerne have the ability to dry the soil to depth, a combination of winter- and summer-active species, rotational grazing, and pasture spelling would extend the active growing season and soil water use of annual and perennial species. A second option is to increase the productivity of the pasture, as there is a direct link between growth and water use. For example, improving pasture productivity by 50%, say from 8 to 12 t dry matter/ha, could use (transpire) approximately 160 mm more water annually by a C3 species, irrespective of evaporation from the soil surface or evaporative demand factors. This is supported by strong correlations between plant dry mass and water use among a wide range of C3 and C4 plants of diverse growth form and habitat. This relationship appears to have been overlooked in recent studies of various components of the soil water balance model, possibly due to limited and unreliable estimates of evapotranspiration (ET). An improved relationship between 'estimated' ET and measured dry matter production should improve the capability of the soil water balance model to predict deep drainage, which is primarily dependent on the ET. Ways to increase pasture productivity and soil water use include regular applications of fertiliser and lime, and better management of waterlogged and acidic soils in the HRZ. Summer-active native species may also be useful on soils where the persistence of other deep-rooted perennials is poor; however, little is known about their productivity and persistence when heavily grazed.We believe that the relationship between water use and pasture production needs to be reassessed to improve the predictability of the soil water balance approach and recommend further research in both the field and under controlled conditions to determine the potential for increased water use in the HRZ of southern Australia by combinations of plant species and greater pasture productivity.

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