scholarly journals HUBUNGAN IKLIM MIKRO DAN BAHAN ORGANIK TANAH DENGAN EMISI CO2 DARI PERMUKAAN TANAH DI HUTAN ALAM BABAHALEKA TAMAN NASIONAL LORE LINDU, SULAWESI TENGAHEFFECT OF MICROCLIMATE AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER ON SOIL...

Agromet ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ade Irawan ◽  
Tania June
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Gas Sampling ◽  
Canopy Opening

<em>Soil respiration and rate of CO2 emission is determined by its temperature and its organic matter. Canopy opening of a pristine forest affect the amount of radiation energy that are able to go down the canopy and determine the microclimate variability at the forest floor and rate of CO2 emission. This resesarch was conducted at  Babahaleka Forest Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi  and supported under the  cooperation of IPB-STORMA (Stability of Rainforest Margin) project, with an objective to determine the effect of soil temperature as a consequence of different level of canopy opening (and incoming radiation) on CO2 emission from soil respiration process.  Soil CO2 emission was measured through CO2 gas sampling using a closed chamber method and analyzed using  CO2 gas analyzer.  Measurement of soil temperature, air temperature,  relative humidity and soil organic matter were conducted at each CO2 gas sampling sites for further analysis of correlation between them. It was shown that soil temperature and soil surface temperature, soil moisture and air temperature affected soil respiration and CO2 emission from the soil surface.  Average soil surface CO2 fluxes was 299.15 mgCO<sub>2</sub>m<sup>-2</sup>h<sup>-1</sup>, with fluxes from more open canopy cover was higher than that from a closed canopy cover, 329.33-375.77 mgCO<sub>2</sub>m<sup>-2</sup>h<sup>-1</sup> and 209.24-304.18 mgCO<sub>2</sub>m<sup>-2</sup>h<sup>-1</sup> respectively.</em>

scholarly journals Water Table Dynamics Control Carbon Losses from the Destabilization of Soil Organic Matter in a Small, Lowland Agricultural Catchment

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Laurent Jeanneau ◽  
Pauline Buysse ◽  
Marie Denis ◽  
Gérard Gruau ◽  
Patrice Petitjean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Return Time ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Carbon Losses ◽  
The Impact

The biogeochemistry of soil organic matter (SOM) is driven by a combination of stabilization and destabilization mechanisms. Among the various ways in which SOM is lost, soil moisture controls the leaching of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC) and CO2 fluxes (FCO2). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of naturally occurring water table dynamics on the couplings between these three types of C losses. The DIC and DOC concentrations in the soil solutions and the FCO2 values at the soil surface were collected fortnightly over a nine-month period at four sampling points located along two topographic transects characterized by different water table dynamics. The water table depth, soil temperature and water-filled pore space (WFPS) were monitored at each site. Linear and nonlinear regressions were used to explore the couplings between C losses, WFPS and soil temperature. The dynamics of the water table seem to drive DOC solubilization, diffusion, and export mechanisms in addition to microbial processes and the equilibrium between DIC and CO2. The main descriptors of this water table dynamic were the residence time, return time and number of oscillations of the water table. Considering both transects, FCO2 was positively correlated with DOC, which highlights the importance of substrate accessibility for SOM mineralization. This paper emphasizes the importance of the water table dynamic for the coupling between SOM carbon losses.

scholarly journals QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF ROADSIDE POLLUTED SOILS / KOKYBINIS UŽTERŠTŲ PAKELĖS DIRVOŽEMIŲ VERTINIMAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
Eglė Kiaunytė ◽  
Mantas Pranskevičius
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Polluted Soils

Soil as an ecosystem is actively involved in the climate formation process. Therefore, it is important to assess soil quality indicators such as total carbon and CO2 emissions. Soil respiration shows carbon emission from soil into the atmosphere. This is a great indicator illustrating the biological activity of soil. The most effective CO2 emission can be noticed in the afternoon and may reach 0,201 g CO2 m-2h-1. Soil organic matter is considered to be its indicator of quality, which is one of the most important components of biosphere consistency and stability. Following the conducted study, a significant trend towards the content of total carbon in the layer of the surface (0–10 cm) soil was observed. Article in Lithuanian. Santrauka Dirvožemis, kaip ekosistema, aktyviai dalyvauja klimato formavimosi procesuose, todėl svarbu vertinti tokius dirvožemio kokybės rodiklius kaip bendroji anglis ir CO2 emisija. Dirvožemio kvėpavimas rodo anglies emisiją iš dirvožemio į atmosferą. Tai rodiklis, gerai iliustruojantis dirvožemio biologinį aktyvumą. Aktyviausia CO2 emisija – iki 0,201 g CO2 m–2h–1 esti popiečio valandomis. Dirvožemio organinių medžiagų kiekis laikomas dirvožemio kokybės rodikliu, vienu svarbiausių biosferos pastovumo ir stabilumo veiksnių. Atliekant tyrimą pastebėta ryški bendrosios anglies kiekių dominavimo paviršiniame (0–10 cm) dirvožemio sluoksnyje tendencija.

scholarly journals Edaphic microclimate and its influence on soil respiration of mezohemerobic ecosystem in the Upper Dniester Basin

2014 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
T. Partyka ◽  
T. Bedernichek ◽  
Z. Hamkalo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hygroscopic Moisture

The values of the field and hygroscopic moisture, soil temperature under different scenarios of forest and land use have been characterized. The effect of temperature increase on CO2 emission from the soil surface has been investigated. Key words: edaphic climate, CO2 emissions, soil temperature, soil moisture.

scholarly journals Effect of Digestate and Straw Combined Application on Maintaining Rice Production and Paddy Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5714
Author(s):  
Xue Hu ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Chengyu Xu ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Combined Application

Few studies have focused on the combined application of digestate and straw and its feasibility in rice production. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment, including six treatments: without nutrients and straw (Control), digestate (D), digestate + fertilizer (DF), digestate + straw (DS), digestate + fertilizer + straw (DFS) and conventional fertilizer + straw (CS), to clarify the responses of rice growth and paddy soil nutrients to different straw and fertilizer combinations. Our results showed that digestate and straw combined application (i.e., treatment DFS) increased rice yield by 2.71 t ha−1 compared with the Control, and digestate combined with straw addition could distribute more nitrogen (N) to rice grains. Our results also showed that the straw decomposition rate at 0 cm depth under DS was 5% to 102% higher than that under CS. Activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase at maturity under DS were all higher than that under both Control and CS. In addition, soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) under DS and DFS were 20~26% and 11~12% higher than that under B and DF respectively, suggesting straw addition could benefit paddy soil quality. Moreover, coupling straw and digestate would contribute to decrease the N content in soil surface water. Overall, our results demonstrated that digestate and straw combined application could maintain rice production and have potential positive paddy environmental effects.

scholarly journals Some Peculiarities of Arable Soil Organic Matter Detection Using Optical Remote Sensing Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2313
Author(s):  
Elena Prudnikova ◽  
Igor Savin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Sentinel 2

Optical remote sensing only provides information about the very thin surface layer of soil. Rainfall splash alters soil surface properties and its spectral reflectance. We analyzed the impact of rainfall on the success of soil organic matter (SOM) content (% by mass) detection and mapping based on optical remote sensing data. The subject of the study was the arable soils of a test field located in the Tula region (Russia), their spectral reflectance, and Sentinel-2 data. Our research demonstrated that rainfall negatively affects the accuracy of SOM predictions based on Sentinel-2 data. Depending on the average precipitation per day, the R2cv of models varied from 0.67 to 0.72, RMSEcv from 0.64 to 1.1% and RPIQ from 1.4 to 2.3. The incorporation of information on the soil surface state in the model resulted in an increase in accuracy of SOM content detection based on Sentinel-2 data: the R2cv of the models increased up to 0.78 to 0.84, the RMSEcv decreased to 0.61 to 0.71%, and the RPIQ increased to 2.1 to 2.4. Further studies are necessary to identify how the SOM content and composition of the soil surface change under the influence of rainfall for other soils, and to determine the relationships between rainfall-induced SOM changes and soil surface spectral reflectance.

Accumulation patterns of soil organic matter in forests as a legacy of historical charcoal burning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Schneider ◽  
Alexander Bonhage ◽  
Florian Hirsch ◽  
Alexandra Raab ◽  
Thomas Raab
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Land Use Legacies

&lt;p&gt;Human land use and occupation often lead to a high heterogeneity of soil stratigraphy and properties in landscapes within small, clearly delimited areas. Legacy effects of past land use also are also abundant in recent forest areas. Although such land use legacies can occur on considerable fractions of the soil surface, they are hardly considered in soil mapping and inventories. The heterogenous spatial distribution of land use legacy soils challenges the quantification of their impacts on the landscape scale. Relict charcoal hearths (RCH) are a widespread example for the long-lasting effect of historical land use on soil landscapes in forests of many European countries and also northeastern USA. Soils on RCH clearly differ from surrounding forest soils in their stratigraphy and properties, and are most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer with high contents of charcoal. The properties of RCH soils have recently been studied for several regions, but their relevance on the landscape scale has hardly been quantified.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We analyse and discuss the distribution and ecological relevance of land use legacy soils across scales for RCH in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, with a focus on soil organic matter (SOM) stocks. Our analysis is based on a large-scale mapping of RCH from digital elevation models (DEM), combined with modelled SOM stocks in RCH soils.&amp;#160;The distribution of RCH soils in the study region shows heterogeneity at different scales. The large-scale variation is related to the concentration of charcoal production to specific forest areas and the small-scale accumulation pattern is related to the irregular distribution of single RCH within the charcoal production fields. Considerable fractions of the surface area are covered by RCH soils in the major charcoal production areas within the study region. The results also show that RCH can significantly contribute to the soil organic matter stocks of forests, even for areas where they cover only a small fraction of the soil surface. The study highlights that considering land use legacy effects can be relevant for the results of soil mapping and inventories; and that prospecting and mapping land use legacies from DEM can contribute to improving such approaches.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Significance of soil respiration from biological activity in the degradation processes of different types of organic matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Total Soil

Soil respiration is a major component of global carbon cycle. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the environmental controls on soil respiration for evaluating potential response of ecosystems to climate change. In a temperate deciduous forest (located in Northern-Hungary) we added or removed aboveground and belowground litter to determine total soil respiration. We investigated the relationship between total soil CO2 efflux, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Soil CO2 efflux was measured at each plot using soda-lime method. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) was monitored via measuring soil temperature on an hourly basis, while soil moisture was determined monthly. Soil respiration increased in control plots from the second year after implementing the treatment, but results showed fluctuations from one year to another. The effect of doubled litter was less significant than the effect of removal. Removed litter and root inputs caused substantial decrease in soil respiration. We found that temperature was more influential in the control of soil respiration than soil moisture. In plots with no litter Q10 varied in the largest interval. For treatment with doubled litter layer, temperature sensitivity of CO2 efflux did not change considerably. The effect of increasing soil temperature is more conspicuous to soil respiration in litter removal treatments since lack of litter causes greater irradiation. When exclusively leaf litter was considered, the effect of temperature on soil respiration was lower in treatments with added litter than with removed litter. Our results reveal that soil life is impacted by the absence of organic matter, rather than by an excess of organic matter. Results of CO2 emission from soils with different organic matter content can contribute to sustainable land use, considering the changed climatic factors caused by global climate change.

scholarly journals CO2-C losses and carbon quality of selected Maritime Antarctic soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vanir De Souza Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo De Sá Mendonça ◽  
Newton La Scala ◽  
César Reis ◽  
Efrain Lázaro Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Humification Degree

AbstractPolar Regions are the most important soil carbon reservoirs on Earth. Monitoring soil carbon storage in a changing global climate context may indicate possible effects of climate change on terrestrial environments. In this regard, we need to understand the dynamics of soil organic matter in relation to its chemical characteristics. We evaluated the influence of chemical characteristics of humic substances on the process of soil organic matter mineralization in selected Maritime Antarctic soils. A laboratory assay was carried out with soils from five locations from King George Island. We determined the contents of total organic carbon, oxidizable carbon fractions of soil organic matter, and humic substances. Two in situ field experiments were carried out during two summers, in order to evaluate the CO2-C emissions in relation to soil temperature variations. The overall low amounts of soil organic matter in Maritime Antarctic soils have a low humification degree and reduced microbial activity. CO2-C emissions showed significant exponential relationship with temperature, suggesting a sharp increase in CO2-C emissions with a warming scenario, and Q10 values (the percentage increase in emission for a 10°C increase in soil temperature) were higher than values reported from elsewhere. The sensitivity of the CO2-C emission in relation to temperature was significantly correlated with the humification degree of soil organic matter and microbial activity for Antarctic soils.

Rate of recycling of sulfur from urine, feces and litter applied to the soil surface

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Blair ◽  
AR Till ◽  
C Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Soil P ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Organic Matter Pool ◽  
Preferential Uptake ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Pool

The recycling of S from plant litter, dung and urine is an important process for supplying S for pastures. A pot experiment was conducted where 35S-labelled litter (25% white clover/38% ryegrass/21% weed) and S-35-labelled urine and faeces collected from sheep fed the same herbage as was used as litter was surface applied to pots and the fate of the applied S was followed for 100 days with ryegrass as the test plant. In camp soil, 45% of the S applied in urine was taken up by ryegrass plants within 12 days of application. In non-camp soil, the uptake of urine-S was about 20% over the same period. Cumulative uptake of 35S from urine in camp soil was subsequently restricted, with a maximum of 60% eventually measured in plants after 100 days. Mean rates of release of S (0-37 days) from litter and faeces was respectively 16.2 and 4.5 mg g-1 day-1. The calculated half-times from S in the two materials were respectively 43 and 154 days under controlled environmental conditions with adequate moisture. Litter S followed organic matter (OM) decomposition, but faecal S release was initially more rapid than faecal OM decomposition. There was little S release from faeces after day 25. Rather, S was immobilized in faeces during the 25-100 day period. The decomposition of litter and faeces was divided into an initial rapid process during which soluble S and more labile S was released, followed by a slower process involving the release of S from tissues more resistant to mineralization. The uptake of 35S from labelled materials was initially more rapid than would be expected for total S released from the added litter and faeces and the 35Suptake effect was short-lived relative to the continued effect of added material on total S uptake. The preferential uptake of 35S from the surface-applied material appears to be due to limited root development at the early stages of the experiment. Movement of 35S into the soil organic matter pool was very rapid; 58.4% of urine S was in the soil organic matter fraction in the non-camp soil by day 6. The amount of applied S in the organic matter equilibrated at about day 75. The accumulation of applied S from the materials added was greater than that recorded in previously reported studies for inorganic sulfate (e.g. about 50%). Soil P and S status had little effect on rates of release of S. from the applied materials, however, the effect of the camp and non-camp soil on total S recycling was markedly different as a result of the different amounts of plant growth and thus S uptake in the two soils. The decomposition of litter indicated peak rates of S release at two specific times over the 100 days and indicated successional changes in micro-organism activity. With faeces, the experiment was not continued for sufficiently long to show micro-organism effects.

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