scholarly journals ANALISIS STUKTUR, KINERJA, DAN PERILAKU INDUSTRI ROKOK KRETEK DAN ROKOK PUTIH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 1991-2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Gustyanita Pratiwi ◽  
Lukytawati Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Cigarette Industry

<em>Tobacco industry is one of important manufacturing industry in Indonesia. There are several changes in structure, performance, and behavior of this industry during 1991-2008. This study aim is to analyze the differences between clove cigarette and white cigarette industries with SCP method. Analysis of industrial structure with CR4 index and barriers to entry. Industry performance is measured by Price Cost Margin (PCM) approach. Factors that affect the performance itself are analyzed by the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results of structural analysis show that the level of industry concentration of clove cigarettes went from tight oligopoly (84.29 percent) to medium oligopoly (52.65 percent) during research period. In contrast, white cigarette industry remained in tight oligopoly level with an average value of CR4 about 94.33 percent. The average value of MES which reflects the barrier to entry in white cigarette industries is higher (95.17 percent) than in cigarette industries (72.85 percent). Regression analysis on a clove cigarette industry indicates that the variable X-eff and growth are significantly positive, whereas a variable number of firms significantly negative effect on PCM. In white cigarette industry, a significant variable to the PCM is the X-eff  (0.366799). The analysis of behavior between the two industries cannot be separated from government regulation, especially in setting of the selling price. Promotion, although it increasing production costs, remains to be important strategy to maintain the industry market share.</em>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Biaya Produksi Dan Biaya Operasional Terhadap Laba Perusahaan Farmasi Di Indonesia Pada Kurun Waktu 2016 - 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Anshori Budiono ◽  
Nofriandi Nofriandi ◽  
Tuti Herawati ◽  
Zaharuddin Zaharuddin ◽  
Supriyadi Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Linearity Test ◽  
The Relationship

Consumer goods have direct demand characteristics, meaning that consumers are the determinants of purchasing consumer goods. On the other hand, the pricing of consumer goods is determined by retailers, not by producers. Under these conditions, the production and operational costs for producing goods must be as small as possible so that the retailer's selling price to the public can be accepted by consumers.The purpose of this study is to see the effect of increasing production costs and operating costs of pharmaceutical companies in Indonesia in the period 2016 to 2018. The research method is carried out by processing quarterly data on production costs, operating costs, and net income of two pharmaceutical companies in Indonesia during that period. The linearity test of the relationship was carried out by Spearman, Kendall, and Pearson correlation analysis. Meanwhile, to get the relationship, multiple regression was carried out using the Ordinary Least Square and Weighted Least Square methods From the data analysis, using the OLS method, the coefficient values ??of the increase in production costs and operating costs are 0.393 and 0.002. Meanwhile, the WLS method obtained the coefficient values ??of 0.382 and 0.010. This study concludes that there is a potential for increasing profits which is dominated by production factors. In this case, there is the potential to increase the company's profit by increasing production capacity.

scholarly journals SIMULASI PERHITUNGAN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK PRODUK

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Cokorda Gde Bayu Putra
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Accurate Calculation ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

Competition in the manufacturing industry encourages various companies to think about strategies for determining the cost of production that is appropriate and accurate. The accurate calculation of the cost of production has an impact on determining an increasingly competitive selling price. This article tries to describe how companies engaged in convection to calculate the cost of production based on Activity Based Costing. The method used in this article is a qualitative method by calculating case studies on quantitative paradigm and comparing the calculation of conventional production costs with Activity Based Costing calculations. This study was conducted at PT. Tirtha Bulan Bali, a garment that carries out production based on the order method.Through this article, it is produced that Activity Based Costing produces cost of production more accurate because overhead costs are charged to products using more cost drivers both unit and non-unit based.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hyaluronic Acid Production Process Utilizing Streptococcal Fermentation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Rafael G. Ferreira ◽  
Adriano R. Azzoni ◽  
Maria Helena Andrade Santana ◽  
Demetri Petrides
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Fed Batch Culture ◽  
Economic Analyses

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide of alternating d-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine residues present in the extracellular matrix of connective, epithelial, and nervous tissues. Due to its singular hydrating, rheological and adhesive properties, HA has found numerous cosmetic and medical applications. However, techno-economic analyses of high value-added bioproducts such as HA are scarce in the literature. Here, we present a techno-economic analysis of a process for producing HA using Streptococcus zooepidemicus, simulated in SuperPro Designer. In the baseline scenario, HA is produced by batch fermentation, reaching 2.5 g/L after 24 h. It is then centrifuged, diafiltered, treated with activated carbon and precipitated with isopropanol. The product is suitable for topical formulations and its production cost was estimated as 1115 $/kg. A similar scenario, based on fed-batch culture and assuming a titer of 5.0 g/L, led to a lower cost of 946 $/kg. Moreover, in two additional scenarios, 10% of the precipitated HA is diverted to the production of a highly pure and high-molecular weight HA, suitable for injectable applications. These scenarios resulted in higher capital and operating costs, but also in higher profits, because HA for injectable use has a higher selling price that more than compensates for its higher production costs.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI IMPLEMENTASI ANGGARAN BERBASIS KINERJA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaillin Lalli Randa ◽  
Ida Ayu Purba Riani ◽  
Balthazar Kreuta
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Data Analysis Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Partial Analysis ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of the study was to analyze what factors influence the Performance Based Budget by using a sample of 87 respondents working at the Secretariat of the Papuan People's Representative Council. While the data analysis technique used is the Ordinary least square (OLS) technique. The results of the study are indicated by the calculation of the mean (mean) of 32 item questions and 87 respondents and the result is 137.31. If the value is compared to the criteria that the author has set, then the average value is included in the "Very Good" category. While the results of the partial analysis of organizational commitment (X1) have a significant and positive influence on the performance-based budget of 1,261. Keywords: Performance Based Budget

scholarly journals ANALISIS FINANSIAL DAN EFISIENSI PRODUKSI USAHATANI RUMPUT LAUT DI KOTA KENDARI

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Azwir Azwir ◽  
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo ◽  
Any Suryantini
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Number Of Seeds

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the production of seaweedfarming, the level of efficient use of production factors, the factors that affect the efficiency of production and determine thefeasibility of seaweed farming financially. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis and financial feasibility. The results showed that the factors of production (input)positive effect on production and productivity of seaweed in Kendari is widely kavlingan, number of seeds, the level of education and dummy location. For the analysis of the level of technical efficiency (I'ER) with an average value of 1.0001 indicates that the utilization of thefactors of production (input) by seaweed farmers in Kendari is efficient. Allocative efficiency analysis results (efficiency rates) kavlingan widely variable, labor and variable number of seeds not be located efficiently (inefficiently). From the calculationof profit using investment eligibility criteria NPV, IRR , and B/C ratio in the know that seaweedfarming profitable and worth the effort or developed.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk.mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usahatani rumput laut, tingkat efisien penggunaan faktor produksi, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi produksi serta mengetahui kelayakan usahatani rumput laut secara tinansial. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dan kelayakan fmansial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor produksi (input) yang perpengaruh positif terhadap produksi dan produktivitas rumput laut di Kota Kendari adalah luas kavlingan, jumlah bibit, tingkat pendidikan dan dummy lokasi. Untuk. hasil analisis tingkat efisiensi teknis (TER) dengan nilai rata-rata 1,0001 menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan faIstor-faktorproduksi (input) oleh petani rumput laut di Kota Kendari sudah efisien. HasH analisis efisiensi alokatif (efisiensi harga) variabelluas kavlingan, tenaga kerja dan variabeljumlah bibit belum dilokasikan secara efisien (tidak efisien). Dari hasil perhitungan keuntungan dengan menggunakan kriteria kelayakan investasi NPV, IRR, dan B/C Ratio di ketahui bahwa usahatani rumput laut menguntungkan dan layak diusahakan atau dikembangkan.

scholarly journals Perceived Confidence and Quality: Perception of Employers Towards Fresh Graduates: a Study in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.21) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Irza Hanie Abu Samah ◽  
Aidanazima Abashah ◽  
Saraih Ummi Naiemah
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resource Officers ◽  
Human Resource Officers

Graduates quality has become a major issue recently especially in today’s scenario. Graduates quality can be varying when it perceived by employers. Different sector of industry has different standard of quality. The interpretation of employers towards graduates counts the job placement of graduates. It is hard to standardized quality across industries. Several attributes show that competence relatedness and autonomy do influence the quality of graduates. A quantitative method was used in this study for data gathering. All items were using 10-point likert scale. The content validity of this questionnaire were reviewed by five human resource professionals, and Cronbach alpha for each item is more than 0.75 which is acceptable. Questionnaires were given to the human resource officers in the company through email. Convenient sampling was applied in this study for data collection. 50 questionnaires were distributed across manufacturing industry and services industry in Malaysia. Using Partial least square to analyze the data, this study found out that competence in communication is the same criteria which majority across industries are seeking upon graduates. Therefore, Industries that involved are manufacturing (34.38%) and services (65.63%).  Measurement model and structural model were assessed to see the relationship. It shows that perception on competence has most influenced towards quality (AVE=0.849, R2=0.734=Q2=0.443).  This study concludes that employers around the world are looking at similar attribute on graduate’s competence. This study also warrants a future research, whereby researcher could get more sample size and by doing sample which involves employers, graduates and educators.

scholarly journals Modeling technology of curved surface development for puffer fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 168781402091602
Author(s):  
Honggen Zhou ◽  
Jie Cui ◽  
Guizhong Tian ◽  
Yesheng Zhu ◽  
Changfeng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Curved Surface ◽  
B Spline ◽  
Implicit Equation ◽  
Moving Least Square ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Modeling Technology ◽  
Surface Development ◽  
Puffer Fish

The drag reduction mechanism of puffer epidermis was closely related to its real geometry. In order to solve the modeling problem of epidermal spines on the puffer surface, a modeling method for the expansion of puffer shape was proposed. The three-dimensional scanning and non-uniform rational B-spline surface modeling technology was used to reconstruct the puffer model. According to the curvature characteristics, the surface mathematical equations including exponential, logarithmic, and sinusoidal functions were established based on the multinomial function. The surface was generated by a mathematical equation, and the surface was divided into several non-uniform rational B-spline patches according to curvature. After discretization, the point cloud Gaussian curvature and average value were calculated based on the implicit equation of moving least square surface, and whether the surface is approximately extensible or not was judged. Finally, the puffer surface was divided into 46 curved patches. In this article, the surface expansion algorithm gave priority to ensure the area unchanged, and four feature surfaces were selected according to the epidermal spines arrangement of the puffer surface. The results showed that the technique can simply and efficiently unfold the curved surface of the puffer fish, thus the mapping relationship between the epidermal spines on the surface and the plane was determined, which established a foundation for the accurate arrangement and modeling of the epidermal spines on the surface.

scholarly journals A Novel Geometric Error Compensation Method for Gantry-Moving CNC Machine Regarding Dominant Errors

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Hong Lu ◽  
Qian Cheng ◽  
Xinbao Zhang ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Yu Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Geometric Error ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Type Machine ◽  
Multi Body

Gantry-type computer numerical control (CNC) machines are widely used in the manufacturing industry. A novel structure with moveable gantry is proposed to improve the traditional gantry-type machine structure’s disadvantage of taking up too much space. Geometric errors have direct impacts on the actual position of the tool, which significantly reduces the accuracy of machines. Errors of different components are always coupled and have uncertain effects on the total geometric error. Thus, it is essential to find an effective way to identify the dominant errors and do targeted compensation. First, a novel identification method using value leaded global sensitivity analysis (VLGSA) is proposed to find the dominant errors. In VLGSA, weighting factors which show the influence of the error range are used to modify the multi-body system (MBS) error model. Results show that the dominant errors in three directions respectively contribute 80%, 86% and 85% of the total error in their directions. Then, errors identified by VLGSA are modeled by least-square linear fitting and B-spline interpolation methods, respectively, according to the feature of error data. Finally, the models are applied in a new real-time compensation system developed on the Beckhoff TwinCAT servo system. Experimental results from the gantry-type CNC engraving and milling machine show the proposed method can help figure out the most dominant errors and reduce around 90% of the total error.

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