Karakteristik Fermentasi Rumen In vitro dengan Penambahan Sabun Kalsium Minyak Nabati pada Buffer yang Berbeda

Canola oil and flaxseed oil are vegetable oils as potential sources of unsaturated fatty acid that could improve the production and quality of beef meat. However, the use of vegetable oils need to be protected to avoid biohydrogenation by rumen bacteria. The research was aimed to analyse effect of flaxseed/canola oils calcium soap in the different buffer media on in vitro fermentation characteristic. The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 blocks based on rumen sampling time. The first factor was sources of vegetable oils (canola and falxseed) and the second factor was type of buffer (Kajikawa and Mc.Dougall). Variables observed were pH value, N-NH3 concentration, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Data obtained was analysed using Analysis of Variance and any significant different further tested using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that there was no interaction between sources of diet and buffer. Supplementation of canola and flaxseed oils protected by calcium soap at level 6% did not affect pH value, dry matter digestibility, rumen protozoa and total bacteria. The use of different buffers affected pH value, dry matter digestibility, rumen protozoa and total bacteria. It’s concluded that the used of flaxseed oil or canola oil calcium soap did not alter rumen fermentation and McDougall buffer could improve in vitro fermentation activity compare to Kajikawa buffer.

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Evaluasi Proteksi Sabun Kalsium Sebagai Pakan Suplemen Berdasarkan Kecernaan Bahan Kering, Kecernaan Bahan Organik dan pH In Vitro di dalam Rumen dan Pasca Rumen

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.11.2.70-78 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Pramono A. ◽

Kustono Kustono ◽

D. T. Widayati ◽

P. P. Putro ◽

E. Handayanta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ph Value ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Calcium Soap ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility ◽

Kinetics Of

The research aims to evaluate calsium soap protection as feed supplement based on dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility and pH in vitro in the rumen and post rumen. Calsium soap was produced from sardine fish oil and soybean meal, through two protection methods. It was saponification and microencapsulation. This research used Split Subject Repeated Measurement Design with 3 treatments (calcium soap, soybean meal and pangola grass) which each treatment was repeated 5 times. The observation kinetics of dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and pH rumen fluid were done in incubation times (2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively). The first results of the research showed that in the first step (rumen) has dry matter digestibility of calcium soaps: 38.65; 40.00; 42.66; 46.32; 54.40 and 51.40% respectively; organic matter digestibility: 39.44; 41.27; 44, 31; 46.32; 56.62 and 52.50% respectively. Kinetics of pH rumen fluid: 6.89; 6.79; 6.78; 6.74; 6.71, and 6.88 respectively. In the second step (post rumen), the digestibility of calsium soap production has dry matter digestibility of 74.85% and organic matter of digestibilty of 72.94%. The results could be concluded that in the rumen, calcium soap is the most microbial degradation resistant compared the others and it can be degraded and digested in the abomasum to the small intestine. Therefore pH of rumen fluid is optimal, so it does not interfere with the fermentation in the rumen. Keywords: calsium soap, in vitro, dry matter digestibily, organic matter digestibility, pH value

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Evaluasi Proteksi Sabun Kalsium Sebagai Pakan Suplemen Berdasarkan Kecernaan Bahan Kering, Kecernaan Bahan Organik dan pH In Vitro di dalam Rumen dan Pasca Rumen

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v11i2.4828 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Pramono A. ◽

Kustono Kustono ◽

D. T. Widayati ◽

P. P. Putro ◽

E. Handayanta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ph Value ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Calcium Soap ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility ◽

Kinetics Of

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Optimalisasi Penggunaan Level Sabun Kalsium Minyak Kedelai dalam Ransum Terhadap Karakteristik Fermentasi, Populasi Mikroba dan Kecernaan Nutrien Secara In Vitro Menggunakan Cairan Rumen Sapi Bali

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v5i3.4707 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Ali Bain ◽

Komang G. Wiryawan ◽

Dewi Apri Astuti ◽

Chairrusyuhur Arman ◽

Sri Suharti

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Microbial Population ◽

Total Volatile ◽

Calcium Soap ◽

Total Bacteria ◽

Range Test

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi optimalisasi penggunaan level sabun kalsium yang berbeda dalam ransum secara in vitro terhadap karakteristik fermentasi, populasi mikroba dan kecernaan nutrien ransum, menggunakan sumber inokulum cairan rumen sapi Bali. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 jenis perlakuan dalam 3 ulangan. Ransum penelitian terdiri atas : R1, 40% rumput lapang (RL) + 60% konsentrat (K), R2 (40% RL + 60% K, mengandungn 2.5% SCa-kedelai), R3 (40% RL + 60% K, mengandung 5% SCa-kedelai), R4 (40% RL + 60% K, mengandung 7.5% SCa-kedelai). Variabel yang diukur terdiri atas karakteristik fermentasi in vitro (pH, N-NH3, produksi total volatile fatty acids), populasi mikroorganisme (total bakteri dan total protozoa), dan kecernaan nutrien (kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik). Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of varians (ANOVA) dan perbedaan antara perlakuan diuji dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, penambahan SCa-kedelai pada level yang berbeda dalam konsentrat tidak mempengaruhi pH, konsentrasi amonia, populasi mikroba, kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik fermentasi tetapi berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.002) terhadap produksi total VFA. Produksi total VFA tertinggi diperoleh pada ransum perlakuan R4 (konsentrat yang mengandung 7.5% SCa-kedelai). Produksi total VFA tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan R4 dan produksi total VFA paling rendah terjadi pada perlakuan ransum R1 (kontrol). Produksi total VFA ransum R1 dan R2 dan ransum R2 dan R3 tidak berbeda nyata namun produksi total VFA ransum R3 lebih tinggi dibanding ransum kontrol. Penambahan SCa-kedelai dalam konsentrat menghasilkan produksi total VFA tetinggi namun mulai menekan populasi total bakteri. Mempertimbangkan hasil peubah fermentasi dan populasi mikroba serta biaya pembuatan produk sabun kalsium, SCa-kedelai pada level 5% merupakan level penggunaan SCa-kedelai yang terbaik dalam ransum.Kata kunci: sabun kalsium, fermentasi, in vitro, kecernaanABSTRACTThe study to evaluate the optimalization the different level of soybean oil calcium soap (CaS-soybean) in ration on in vitro fermentation using Bali cattle rumen fluid. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design with 4 different ration treatments and 3 replicates. Ration treatments were R1: 40% native grass (NG) + 60% concentrate (C), R2 : 40% NG + 60% C, supplemented with 2.5% soybean oil calcium soap (CaS-soybean), and R3 (40% NG + 60% C, supplemented with 5.0% CaS-soybean and R4 (40% NG + 60% C, supplemented with 7.5% CaS-soybean). Variables measured were fermentation characteristics (pH, NH3-N, total volatile fatty acids), microbial population (total bacteria and total protozoa), and nutrient digestibility (dry matter and organic matter digestibility). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between treatments means were examined by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results of the study showed that the four different level of CaS-soybean in ration did not have any significant effect (P>0,05) on pH, NH3-N, total bacteria, total protozoa, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The treatments significantly increased (P<0.05) the production of total volatile fatty acids. The highest production of total VFA was obtained from ration R4 (concentrate containing 7.5% CaS-soybean) and the lowest was obtained from treatment R1 (control). There were no significant differences between R1 and R2, and between R2 and R3 on the total VFA production. However, the total productions of VFA in ration R3 were higher than that of the control ration. The addition of CaS-soybean in the concentrate had increased the total production of VFA, but at the same time, it began pressing the total population of bacteria. Considering the results of the fermentation variables and microbial population as well as the cost of making calcium soap products, CaS-soybean at 5% level was selected as the best level of CaS-soybean in ration.Keywords : calcium soap, fermentation, in vitro, digestibility

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Comparison of enantiomers of organic acids for their effects on methane production in vitro

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14199 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (9) ◽

pp. 1345 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. G. Reis ◽

A. V. Chaves ◽

S. R. O. Williams ◽

P. J. Moate

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

The Other ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Microorganisms ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Ch4 Production

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic acids on in vitro fermentation characteristics. Four organic acids (tartaric, malic, fumaric and citric) and their enantiomers (L-tartaric, D-tartaric, DL-tartaric, L-malic and DL-malic) were analysed using in vitro batch culture incubations, at four concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15 mM). Cumulative total gas and methane (CH4) production (mL/g DM) were measured at 6, 12 and 24 h; ammonia, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined after 24 h of fermentation. Overall, addition of acids at 5 to 15 mM increased (P < 0.0001) cumulative gas and CH4 production. No effect (P > 0.10) of enantiomers, individual acid or interaction acid × concentration was detected at 12 and 24 h for cumulative gas or CH4 production. Addition of DL-malic, L-malic and fumaric acids increased (P < 0.0001) the percentage of propionic acid in the ruminal fluid total VFA compared with all concentrations of the other organic acids or their enantiomers. Ammonia concentration was not affected (P ≥ 0.28) by the addition of organic acids, concentrations or interactions. These findings are evidence that ruminal microorganisms can metabolise both D- and L-enantiomers of organic acids. None of the organic acids and their enantiomers at four different concentrations demonstrated potential as CH4 mitigation agents.

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PSI-22 Effects of supplementing sugar beet processing by-products in low-quality forage diets on in vitro fermentation characteristics and dry matter digestibility

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.505 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 248-249

Author(s):

Glory M Ogren ◽

Gwinyai Chibisa

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Molar Proportion ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Liquid Feed ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

By Products

Abstract Sugar beet processing by-products can be used to increase nutrient supply in beef cattle fed low-quality forages. However, information on the effectiveness of the different byproducts on modulating ruminal fermentation is still limited. Our objective was to determine the effects of providing supplemental molasses, concentrated seperator by-product, liquid feed-grade (32% purity) and crystalline betaine (97%) on in vitro fermentation and dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). A batch culture system was used to evaluate volatile fatty acid (VFA) production (3 h), pH (24 and 48 h), and IVDMD (24 and 48 h). A low-quality hay (7.5% crude protein; 58% total digestible nutrients) was used as a substrate and the inclusion level was 10% (dry matter [DM] basis) for all by-products except for crystalline betaine. Because it is a solid, a solution of crystalline betaine was made such that the betaine inclusion level was similar to that of feed-grade betaine. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Total VFA concentration was lower (P < 0.01) for crystalline and liquid betaine compared to molasses and concentrated seperator by-product. Molar proportion of propionate was lower for concentrated seperator by-product (P = 0.04) than for the other treatments whereas the molar proportion of butyrate was lower (P = 0.04) for crystal betaine compared to molasses and concentrated seperator by-product. However, although pH was lower (P < 0.01) at 48 than 24 h, whereas DMD was greater (P < 0.01) at 48 than 24 h, there was no treatment effect (P ≥ 0.18) on pH and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) at both 24 and 48 h. In summary, although adding different by-products from sugar beet processing resulted in changes in the VFA profile at 3 h of in vitro incubation, it had no effect on 24 and 48 h pH and IVDMD.

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The accuracy of several in vitro methods in estimating in vivo digestibility of the tropical dairy ration

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012012 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 951 (1) ◽

pp. 012012

Author(s):

Despal ◽

D T P Manik ◽

D Evvyernie ◽

R Zahera

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Ph Value ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Methods ◽

Ph Values ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Local Setting ◽

Randomized Design

Abstract In vitro digestibility methods have been developed to overcome problems in the in vivo digestibility measurement, but its accuracy should be tested in a local setting. In vitro methods developed by Tilley and Terry (T2), Theodorou (T3) and Sutardi (T4) have been compared to in vivo method (T1) in a block randomized design study. Four heifers FH (337.50 ± 45.87 kg BW) were used in T1, and two fistulated FH bulls (510 ± 20 kg BW) were used as inoculant sources in the in vitro methods. Dairy cattle ration consisted of 54.0% Napier grass and 46.0% concentrate with 58.8% DM, 12.1% ash, 10.0% CP, 3.3% EE, 26.5% CF, and 61.1% TDN. The observed parameters were ration fermentability (pH, NH3, and VFA concentration) and digestibility (DMD and OMD). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey test. The correlation was made before regression analysis to estimate the in vivo parameters from the in vitro. The results showed that pH values are in the normal range (6.7 – 6.8), and insignificantly different between treatments (P>0.05). The concentration of NH3 and VFA were significantly different between the treatments (P<0.05), but T2 produced similar NH3 and VFA concentrations to T1. Similar results were also found in the DMD and OMD. Correlation analysis showed that pH value of T3 correlated significantly with T1, while DMD value of T4 correlated to T1. The T1 DMD (Y) could be estimated from T4 DMD (X) using formula Y (%) = y = -0.091x2 + 9.1632x - 168.4. It is concluded that tropical dairy feedstuffs in vitro digestibility using Tilley and Terry’s method produced similar result to in vivo digestibility method, but in vivo dry matter digestibility can be estimated accurately by in vitro dry matter digestibility using Sutardi method.

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The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100126871 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 416-417

Author(s):

Janet H. Woodward ◽

D. E. Akin

Keyword(s):

Sodium Acetate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Acetate Buffer ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽

X Ray ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

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