scholarly journals WILLINGNESS TO PAY (WTP) JASA LINGKUNGAN SUMBERDAYA AIR TANAH SUMUR DI KOTA KUPANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Aplonia Bani ◽  
Fredrik Benu ◽  
Herry Kotta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Level Of Risk

Abstract: This study using an interview for survey, respondents were asked a series of questions about their willingness to pay for environmental services as hypothetical research, which would assist in the conservation of water resources. Willingness to pay (WTP) for the owners who commercialized the well water using bidding game methods with offers of different starting points was asked to the respondents for the Groundwater Basin (CAT) Tabun-Bakunase-Haukoto-Sikumana, CAT Kupang-Oesapa-Tarus, CAT Penfui and Baumata, CAT Bolok-Tenau-Alak-Namosain. The results of the study showed that the value of Willingnes To Pay of the well owner was commercialized from 17 respondents who were willing to pay in the amount of Rp. 518.209 or Rp.6,100/m3. The average cost of production around Rp. 146.650/day, with the amount of discharged water that taken is 4.175 m3, with a cost per 5 m3 is Rp. 3.482, resulting in Rp.30.997 surplus for the producer. Consumer Respondent surplus towards payment of environmental services for commercialized wells water resources is Rp. 496.000,. The consumption of commercialized well water resources in Kupang on CAT Bolok-Tenau-Alak-Namosain is 150 m3/day or 54.750 m3/year, CAT Tabun-Bakunase-Haukoto-Sikumana is 2.600 m3/day or 949.000 m3/year, CAT Kupang- Oesapa-Tarus is 1.125 m3/day or 410.625 m3/year, CAT Penfui is 300 m3/day or 109.500 m3/year, and the amount of water withdrawal is less than the potential of groundwater in each CAT, so there is a surplus of water discharge that taken on CAT in the city of Kupang. The factors that influence the agreed response based on the test results indicate that the risk factors that have a low level of risk are Age (X1), Education (X2), Occupation (X3), Cost (X5), while risk factors that have a strong level of risk are Acceptance (X4) and Environmental Services Knowledge (X6). For Age risk factors (X1), Education (X2), Employment (X3), Costs (X5) have a low level risk level, this means that these factors are not risk factors that can pose a high risk on the willingness of the respondents to pay (WTP). While Acceptance (X4) and Environmental Services Knowledge (X6) have strong risk factors which means that these factors pose a strong risk to the willingness of respondents to pay (WTP), so that a significant effect is partially between acceptance and knowledge of environmental services to willingness of well owners in paying for groundwater environmental services that are used as economic goods. Acceptance and knowledge of environmental services have a significant effect because the greater the acceptance and knowledge of environmental services, the greater the willingness to pay for environmental services.

scholarly journals Analyzing the risk factors of private–public partnerships for water supply projects using fuzzy synthetic evaluation: a case study of Iranian water supply projects

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1005-1019
Author(s):  
Jalal Rezaeenour ◽  
Mohammad Mousavi-Saleh ◽  
Abdol Rahman Kolahkaj
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Fmea Method ◽  
Level Of Risk ◽  
Overall Risk ◽  
Synthetic Evaluation

Abstract To compensate for the lack of funds for investment in private sector and infrastructure projects, governments may propose public–private partnerships (PPPs) to be able to use share capital and establish the necessary infrastructure of the country. The current study was undertaken to identify and determine the risk factors in PPPs for water supply projects in Iran. After identifying the risk factors using failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), the risk priority number of each was assessed. This identified the most critical risk factors, which were then categorized into experimental, legal, financial, and technological subcategories. The fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) technique and FMEA method were then blended and the FSE technique was modified for measuring the overall risk level. The computational results show that the levels of risk were ranked as follows (highest to lowest): financial, experimental, technological and legal. The level of risk in the financial subcategory was 6.11, in the experimental was 6.05 and in the technological and legal was 5.94 and 5.83, respectively. The overall risk level in PPPs for Iranian water supply projects considering linguistic variables as the criteria was 5.98, which is high. This level of risk confirms the applicability and suitability of the model.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Water Resources and Energy Security Based on the Cloud Model: A Case Study of China in 2020

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1823
Author(s):  
Yafeng Yang ◽  
Hongrui Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Resource Shortage

With the rapid development of economy and society, China’s demand for water resources and energy is increasing, and the supply situation is becoming increasingly severe. The correlation and binding characteristics between the two have become increasingly prominent, which will become bottlenecks in sustainable economic and social development in the future. In this paper, the Liang–Kleeman method was used to screen the risk factors of water resources and energy security, and then four major risk factors were selected. Based on the cloud model, the water resource and energy security risk assessment models were constructed combined with the predicted values using GM (1,1) and Pearson III curve methods, and the water resource and energy security risks of 30 provinces (cities) in 2020 were quantitatively assessed. The risk assessment results showed that the risk level zoning of water resource shortage with different guarantee rates in most regions has undergone little change, but the spatial distribution was quite different, showing the characteristics of “low in the South and high in the North”. When the guarantee rate changed from P = 25% to P = 95%, the risk level of water shortage in Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hainan, Jilin, Ningxia and Nei Monggol significantly increased, and the spatial distribution of energy security risk and water resource shortage risk was obviously inconsistent.

scholarly journals Water permit integration in the Paraguaçu River Watershed (Bahia)

RBRH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Oliveira Mota da Silva ◽  
Yvonilde Dantas Pinto Medeiros ◽  
Andrea Sousa Fontes ◽  
Suzana Maria Gico Lima Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Moment

ABSTRACT In Brazil, water regulatory agencies adopt two different methodologies of equating water balance for the purposes of water permits: one that considers the uses for surface water withdrawal and waste water discharge in an integrated way, and one that analyses these two uses as demands that do not relate with each other. In the state of Bahia, this analysis disregards the integration of quantitative and qualitative uses. Furthermore, at the moment, there are not internal procedures that enable the integration of the water permit with other water resources management instruments. In this context, the aim of this work consists of analysing the advantages and limitations of the implementation of the equating methodology that integrates the quali-quantitative analysis of the water balance for purposes of water permit, compared with current procedures in the state of Bahia. For this analysis, a diagnosis of use of the Paraguaçu River Watershed (BHRP) was developed through the Water Balance Control System (SCBH), simulating the two methodologies and comparing potential water use index. The results reinforce that the methodology of equating the quali-quantitative water balance does not represent an advance for water resources management when the other instruments, present in the State Water Resources Policy, are not integrated with the water permit.

scholarly journals Rationalization of servicing reefer containers in sea port area with taking into account risk influence

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmiła Filina-Dawidowicz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Theory ◽  
Level Of Risk

Abstract This paper is aimed at presentation of a set of methods for rationalization of servicing containerized refrigerated cargoes in sea ports. During servicing reefer containers in port container terminals, take place various combinations of risk factors which can lead to loss of quality merits of cargoes contained in them. In the paper the risk factors capable of influencing quality of cargoes during their servicing in sea port, are identified, and the elaborated model for assessing risk level with the use of assumptions of fuzzy logic theory, is presented. Also, a simulation of servicing reefer containers in port, was performed. Moreover a prototype of an expert system which makes it possible to take correct decisions on servicing reefer containers in sea port, depending on impact level of risk factors, was proposed

Mapping global water projects: improving access to donor investment information on the web

Water Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
J. Lisa Jorgensona
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Projects ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Water Project ◽  
The Web

This paper discusses a series of discusses how web sites now report international water project information, and maps the combined donor investment in more than 6000 water projects, active since 1995. The maps show donor investment:  • has addressed water scarcity,  • has improved access to improvised water resources,  • correlates with growth in GDP,  • appears to show a correlation with growth in net private capital flow,  • does NOT appear to correlate with growth in GNI. Evaluation indicates problems in the combined water project portfolios for major donor organizations: •difficulties in grouping projects over differing Sector classifications, food security, or agriculture/irrigation is the most difficult.  • inability to map donor projects at the country or river basin level because 60% of the donor projects include no location data (town, province, watershed) in the title or abstracts available on the web sites.  • no means to identify donor projects with utilization of water resources from training or technical assistance.  • no information of the source of water (river, aquifer, rainwater catchment).  • an identifiable quantity of water (withdrawal amounts, or increased water efficiency) is not provided.  • differentiation between large scale verses small scale projects. Recommendation: Major donors need to look at how the web harvests and combines their information, and look at ways to agree on a standard template for project titles to include more essential information. The Japanese (JICA) and the Asian Development Bank provide good models.

Injury prevention knowledge, beliefs and strategies in elite female footballers at the FIFA Women’s World Cup France 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103131
Author(s):  
Celeste Geertsema ◽  
Liesel Geertsema ◽  
Abdulaziz Farooq ◽  
Joar Harøy ◽  
Chelsea Oester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Implementation Barriers ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Women's Football

ObjectivesThis study assessed knowledge, beliefs and practices of elite female footballers regarding injury prevention.MethodsA survey was sent to players participating in the FIFA Women’s World Cup France 2019. Questions covered three injury prevention domains: (1) knowledge; (2) attitudes and beliefs; (3) prevention practices in domestic clubs. Additionally, ACL injury history was assessed.ResultsOut of 552 players, 196 women responded (35.5%). More than 80% of these considered injury risk to be moderate or high. Players listed knee, ankle, thigh, head and groin as the most important injuries in women’s football. The most important risk factors identified were low muscle strength, followed by poor pitch quality, playing on artificial turf, too much training, reduced recovery and hard tackles. In these elite players, 15% did not have any permanent medical staff in their domestic clubs, yet more than 75% had received injury prevention advice and more than 80% performed injury prevention exercises in their clubs. Players identified the two most important implementation barriers as player motivation and coach attitude. Two-thirds of players used the FIFA 11+ programme in their clubs.ConclusionsThis diverse group of elite players demonstrated good knowledge of risk level and injury types in women’s football. Of the risk factors emphasised by players, there was only one intrinsic risk factor (strength), but several factors out of their control (pitch quality and type, training volume and hard tackles). Still players had positive attitudes and beliefs regarding injury prevention exercises and indicated a high level of implementation, despite a lack of medical support.

scholarly journals Evaluating Cryospheric Water Withdrawal and Virtual Water Flows in Tarim River Basin of China: An Input–Output Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7589
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Shiwei Liu ◽  
Cunde Xiao ◽  
Cuiyang Feng ◽  
Chenyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Tarim River ◽  
Tarim River Basin ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Water Flows

In Tarim River Basin (TRB), the retreat of glacier and snow cover reduction due to climate warming threatens the regional economy of downstream basins that critically depends on meltwater. However, the quantitative evaluation of its impact on multiple sectors of the socioeconomic system is incomplete. Based on compiled regional input–output table of the year 2012, this study developed a method to analyze the relationships between economic activities and related meltwater withdrawal, as well as sectoral transfer. The results show that the direct meltwater withdrawal intensity (DMWI) of agriculture was much higher than other sectors, reaching 2348.02 m3/10,000 CNY. Except for A01 (agriculture) and A02 (mining and washing of coal), the embodied meltwater withdrawal (EMW) driven by the final demand of other sectors was greater than direct meltwater withdrawal, and all sectors required inflows of virtual water (72.45 × 108 m3, accounting for 29% of total supply from cryospheric water resources) for their production processes in 2012. For sectors with high DMWI, improving water-use efficiency is an effective way to reduce water withdrawal. To some extent, the unbalanced supply of cryospheric water resources due to geographical segregation can be regulated by virtual water flows from water-saving to water-intensive sectors. Such decisions can affect the balance between socioeconomic development and environment conservation for long-term sustainability.

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