scholarly journals URINARY BLADDER STONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1655-1659
Author(s):  
Mubeena Laghari ◽  
Shazia Murtaza ◽  
Rafique Ahmed JalbanI
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Bladder Stones ◽  
Ammonium Hydrogen ◽  
One Year ◽  
Male To Female

Objective: To analyze the biochemical composition and biochemical types ofurinary bladder stones in children. Study design and setting: Observational study, Departmentof Pediatric Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro/Hyderabad.Place and Duration: One year duration from January to December 2006. Materials &Methods: A sample of 30 children was selected according to criteria of inclusion of age <10years of urinary bladder stones without any anomaly. Urinary bladder stones were washed indistilled H2O deionized to remove contaminations. Urinary bladder stones were dried at 1000C for overnight in an oven. The urinary bladder stones cut into pieces were used for the FTIRspectroscopy analysis, carried out on “Nicolet Avatar 330 FTIR spectrophotometer”. Data wasanalyzed on SPSS 22.0 at 95% confidence interval. Results: Of 30, 6 (20%) were female and24 (80%) were male. The male dominancy was noted with male to female ratio of 4:1. Mean±SD age was noted as 4.839 + 2.819 years. Urinary stones of pure and mixed biochemistrywere noted in 5 (16.6%) and 25 (83.3%) respectively (P=0.0001). Most frequent urinary bladderstone found was the calcium oxalate monohydrate - ammonium hydrogen urate. Conclusions:Most frequent type of urinary bladder stones was the calcium oxalate monohydrate–ammoniumhydrogen urate type in the children.

scholarly journals PEDIATRIC UROLITHIASIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
pp. 1129-1133
Author(s):  
Mubeena Laghari ◽  
Fouzia Shaikh ◽  
Shazia Murtaza
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bladder Stone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Pediatric Urolithiasis ◽  
Ammonium Hydrogen ◽  
One Year

Objectives: To determine the biochemical composition and biochemical typesof childhood urolithiasis. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration: PediatricSurgery Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, and University ofSindh, Jamshoro over one year. Subjects & Methods: 30 pediatric cases urinary bladderurolithiasis were selected. Children of age few of ten years were selected. Any contaminationform bladder stone was removed by washing them in distilled deionized water. Stones weredried for an overnight in an oven at temperature of 100 0C. Dried stones were smashed intopieces. Biochemical analysis was performed by the FTIR spectroscopy (Nicolet Avatar 330FTIR spectrophotometer). Results were analyzed on the software SPSS 22.0 (95% confidenceinterval). Results: Mean age was 4.83 years (SD 2.81 years). Of 30 children, 80% (n=24) weremale and 20% (n=6) were female children. Male to female ratio of 4:1 was noted. 16.6% (n=5)were pure stone and 83.3% (n=25) were mixed stones. (P=0.0001). Biochemical analysisshowed the calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM)-ammonium hydrogen urate (AHU) was themost common urinary bladder stone. Conclusions: The pediatric urolithiasis shows the mostcommon type of urinary bladder stone was the calcium oxalate monohydrate–ammoniumhydrogen urate.

scholarly journals THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF URINARY TRACT STONES IN KHOST, AFGHANISTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Baitullah Abdali ◽  
Khoshal Janatzai
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Urinary Tract Stones

Background: The urinary tract stones include renal (nephrolithiasis), ureter (ureterolithiasis), and urinary bladder stones (cystolithiasis). The knowledge of the mineral composition of the urinary tract stone is important for the treatment, patient education, and to develop preventative strategies. Aim: This study aims to characterize the proportion of different types of urinary tract stones and their chemical composition in Khost province. Material and Methods: A retrospective, the hospital-based study design was used. The stones were analyzed using simple qualitative biochemical tests. A total of 63 patients were included in this study from Sept 2016 to Aug 2019. The stones were checked for the presence of calcium, magnesium, ammonium, oxalate, phosphate, uric acid, and cystine. Results: The results obtained showed the incidence of the kidney (48 stones), ureteric (4 stones), urinary bladder (11 stones) at the age group of 18-75 years (mean 56.2). The incidence in men was higher than women, male to female ratio being 3:1. The chemical analysis of overall stones has shown that 88.21% had mixed compositions, and 11.79% presented a unique composition. The majority of stones obtained from women was cystine (70%) and oxalate (72%) stones, whereas the majority of stones in men were that of calcium oxalate (76%) and uric acid (74%) stones. Eight of the stones were pure of calcium oxalate, five were pure uric acid, 7 were pure cystine, and 43 were mixed stones. Among the mixed stones, oxalate was present in 32 samples (43 of total), calcium was present in 36 samples, uric acid was seen in 17, phosphate was present in 23, and cysteine was present in 14 stones. Conclusion: This study showed that the most common type of mineral composition found in different urinary stones is calcium oxalate (81%), followed by cystine and uric acid. Further broader and large scale studies are required to assess the mineral base of the urinary tract stones in Afghanistan to develop preventive strategies and promote public awareness about dietary recommendations.

scholarly journals Composition of Uroliths seen in patients in Abuja, Nigeria: a single centre retrospective analysis of 155 stones

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celsus Ukelina Undie ◽  
Ewomazino Ibanga Nnana ◽  
Kalenebari Raymond Torporo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Uric Acid Stones ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background Uroliths are stones formed in the urinary tract. Analysis of stones helps to identify risk factors for their development and prevention of recurrence. Standard stone analysis using modern technology is not routinely done in Nigeria. This study sought to determine the chemical composition of urinary stones seen in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods This was a retrospective study on composition of uroliths. Urinary stones surgically removed from 155 patients through minimal access surgical procedures between January 2015 and August 2019 were analysed. Optical crystallography and infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the chemical composition of the urinary stones. Results A total of 155 urinary stones were assembled from the patients. More stones were removed from male patients and the male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Stones were rare in the extremes of age. The predominant location (89.7%) of stones was in the upper urinary tract. All stones were of mixed composition with calcium oxalate accounting for 93.55%. Calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid stones were more common in the upper tract, while 2 of the 3 struvite stones were found in the lower tract. Conclusion Stones found in this study were of mixed composition with the most common constituent being Calcium oxalate and the least common, struvite.

scholarly journals Urolithiasis in male patients: A pilot study on the ethnic differences and clinical profile

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-98
Author(s):  
Jayadevan Sreedharan ◽  
LJ John ◽  
HAM Aly Freeg ◽  
J Muttappallymyalil
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Uric Acid Stones ◽  
Male Patients

Background   Ethnicity play a role in the occurrence of urinary stones, probably related to climatic, environmental and dietary factors in ethnic groups. The association between ethnicity, age, clinical profile, stone size with type of ureteric stones among males with urolithiasis was studied.   Materials and Methods Male patients (>18 years) with lower ureteral stones size <10mm attending outpatient department of Urology, at a private hospital, Ajman over a period of one year were included. Ethics approval was obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee. Data was retrieved from the case records which included socio-demographic variables (age, ethnicity), clinical profile (ureteric colic, duration of pain, other complaints), and laboratory investigations (type of stone, stone size). Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed with SPSS-20 and p values <0.05 considered significant. Results 185 male patients were included. Mean age was 41.5 (7.3) years, range (22-71) years. Out of the total, 81 (43.8%) patients were Asians, 81(43.8%) Arabs and 23 (12.4%) were of other ethnicity. Most patients (95.1%) presented with ureteric pain. 49 (26.5%) had family history of stone disease where calcium oxalate monohydrate and uric acid stones were common, with majority being first degree relation. Data on stone type was available for 90 patients; of which, 21 were calcium oxalate monohydrate, 33-calcium oxalate dehydrate, 24-uric acid and remaining 12 other form of stones. Average age for different types of stone was 38.3, 41.6, 39.4 and 42.8 years for calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dehydrate, uric acid and other types respectively. Conclusion Uric acid stones were more prevalent among Asians and calcium oxalate-dehydrate stones among Arabs. Future studies can be conducted among multiethnic population focusing on dietary pattern and stone analysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i4.11359 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2014; 4(4):393-98

Epitaxial Relationships in Urolithiasis: The Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate—Hydroxyapatite System

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Meyer ◽  
J. H. Bergert ◽  
L. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Supersaturated Solution ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Epitaxial Relationship ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Seed Crystals

Chemical kinetic data, complemented with scanning electron-microscope observations of the crystalline phase, show that seed crystals of hydroxyapatite have the ability to induce the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals epitaxially from a metastable supersaturated solution of calcium oxalate. The rate of growth of calcium oxalate crystals is dependent on the surface area of the seed material and follows a second-order rate law. It is suggested that there may be a causal relationship between the occurrence of apatite crystals in the urinary tract and the formation of both ‘pure’ and mixed urinary stones containing calcium oxalate. Under similar experimental conditions, however, seed crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate appeared unable to induce epitaxially the growth of calcium phosphate crystals from a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution, indicating the absence of an epitaxial relationship between calcium oxalate monohydrate and the initially precipitating calcium phosphate phase(s).

scholarly journals Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Adolescents and Young Adults Treated with Generic Form of Imatinib in Resource Limited Setting: A Single Center Experience from Myanmar

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5451-5451
Author(s):  
Yin Nwe Han ◽  
Aye Aye Gyi ◽  
Khin Thida Htut
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
One Year ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Limited Setting

Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is an acquired myelo-proliferative disorder characterized by the presence of BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript with deregulated tyrosine kinase activity. Leukemias are one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in adolescents and young adults (AYA) particularly in resource limited countries. Recent democratic government in Myanmar holds supportive policies for treatment of cancers in younger population and subsidizes some therapies including imatinib mesylate, a selective BCR-ABL 1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, although there is still limitation for cytogenetic and molecular monitoring of therapy. This study on response to imatinib in newly diagnosed chronic phase CML was carried out during January 2016 to February 2018 at the North Okkalapa General and Teaching Hospital of Yangon, Myanmar where molecularly confirmed new CML in chronic phase were treated with generic form of imatinib bought by hospital tender system, Unitinib (United Biotech (P) ltd. India) followed by cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow and molecular detection of BCR-ABL1 transcript from peripheral blood by in house real time PCR machine at one year. They are divided into AYA (aged 15-39 years) and adult age groups (40 years and older) and clinical parameters and response to treatment with imatinib 400mg per day were compared. Among 56 cases (median age of 39.5 years, male to female ratio of 1.5:1), half were AYA (28 of 56) with median age of 28.5 years compared to 50 years in adult group with higher male to female ratio of 3.6:1 in AYA group. Patients in AYA had larger spleen size (11 vs 5.5 cm) and higher median white cell count compared to adults (366 x 109/l vs 224 x 109/l) although initial platelet count, peripheral blood eosinophil, basophil and blast percent and Sokal score were comparable. Additional chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 2 AYA and 3 adults with CML. There was no difference in complete haematologic response at 3 and 12 months between AYA and adults (96.4% vs 96.4% and 92.9% vs 89.3% respectively). At 12 months, complete cytogenetic response of AYA at 67.9% was less than 75.0% of adults, it was statistically not significant. Using in house molecular method although not standardized, 14.3% of AYA and 32.1% of adults were molecularly undetectable at one year. The response of AYA to imatinib in this study was comparable to adults despite having adverse prognostic features and receiving only generic forms of treatment in resource limited setting and it would further help support from authorities for leukemia in younger population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Decreased Morbidity and Mortality from Intestinal Ascariasis: Experience of a Single Center

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Md. Akbar Hossain Bhuyian ◽  
Md. Abdullah Al Farooq ◽  
Md. Minhajuddin Sajid ◽  
MA Mushfiqur Rahman ◽  
Md. Momtazul Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Surgical Complication ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Biliary Ascariasis ◽  
Open Surgical Procedure ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Ascariasis is a common gastrointestinal infestation worldwide. It affects more children who live in poor hygenic condition. Pediatric surgeons are supposed to manage related surgical complications of ascariasis.Objective: To evaluate the recent pattern of occurrence of intestinal and biliary ascariasis with morbidity and mortality related to it.Materials and Methods:Study design: Retrospective study.Period of study: Study was conducted between Jan 2006 - Dec 2011 (total 06 years).Place of study: This study was carried out in the department of Pediatric Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH), Chittagong; Bangladesh.Study Subjects: Patients admitted and diagnosed as intestinal (1591) and biliary (181) ascariasis in the department of Pediatric surgery, CMCH were evaluated.Results: A total of 1772 patients were admitted with surgical complication of ascariasis. Among them 1591 (89.78%) patients were diagnosed as intestinal ascariasis and 181 (10.22%) patients as biliary ascariasis. Age range was 6 months to 12 years with mean age of 6 years for intestinal ascariasis. Biliary ascariasis presented between 3 years to 12 years with mean age of 7 years. Male (1060) suffered more than female (531). Male to female ratio was 2:1 for intestinal ascariasis while females (120)  suffered more than male(61) in biliary ascariasis ( ratio 2: 1). Total 231 surgery both elective and emergencies were done.Discussion: Most of the patients (52-81% ) were treated by endoscopic removal of worm from common bile duct. Some patients (15 - 31 %) were treated successfully by conserevative approach. Only a few patients needed open surgical procedure. No patient had died from biliary ascariasis and death from complications of intestinal ascariasis reduced from 20% to 4% over the last 6 years.Conclusion: There has been a reduced number of disease burden over the last few years from ascariatic and biliary ascariasis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v2i2.19551

scholarly journals Transurethral fragmentation of bladder stone in children: Our experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mujtaba Zafar ◽  
Naseem Javed ◽  
Fawad Humayun ◽  
Asif Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Bladder Stone ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Bladder Stones ◽  
Stone Recurrence ◽  
Febrile Uti ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: This study is performed to find the outcome of transurethral fragmentation and clearance of bladder stones in children as well as assessment of stone recurrence after the procedure. Methods: It was a retrospective analysis of the medical record of 365 patients with bladder stones, treated with transurethral fragmentation at the Department of Pediatric Urology, The Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, over a period of 5 years. Bladder stones were fragmented by using ureterorenoscope (URS) and pneumatic Lithotripsy under general anesthesia. Patients were asked to void next day for spontaneous passage of stone fragments. Duration of procedure, hospital stay, peroperative, and postoperative complications were recorded on a self-structured proforma. The collected data was analyzed with SPSS, version 22. Results: The mean age of the patients was 4.7 ±2.31 years, and male to female ratio was 6:1. Clinical presentation was painful micturition with milking of penis (55%), followed by straining during micturition (17.5%), urinary retention (10%), increased frequency of urine (8%), febrile UTI (7.5%), and hematuria (2%). The mean stone size on ultrasound was 17.2 ±3.8 mm (Range 7-25 mm). The average operating time was 18 minutes (Range: 12-35 minutes). The transurethral fragmentation was successfully done in all (100%) patients. Average hospital stay was 24 hours. Most patients (98.5%) passed all stone fragments in urine & were stone free at one week, confirmed by ultrasound and X-Ray Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB). Postoperative minor complications were found in (6%) patients including hematuria (3%), dysuria (2%), febrile UTI (1%), failure to void (0.5%). Stone recurrence was 0.27% and no urethral stricture was noted up to one year follow up. Conclusion: Endoscopic treatment of bladder stone in children appears effective and safe by fragmenting the stone into multiple small pieces, which passed out spontaneously without any need for extraction of stone. The associated complications and recurrence rate are very negligible.

scholarly journals Time Changes in the Spectrum of Urinary Stone Composition: A Role for Climate Variations?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Trinchieri ◽  
Alessandro Maletta ◽  
Giovanni Simonelli ◽  
Luca Boeri ◽  
Elisa De Lorenzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Time Changes

Abstract Introduction: An increase of the frequency of uric acid urinary stones compared to calcium-containing ones has been recently described. This study was aimed at assessing the frequency of different types of urinary stones in the population of northern Italy in the period 2016-18 compared to 2001-2003. Materials and Methods: Analyses by infrared spectroscopy of 1007 stones endoscopically removed at two institutions in the area of Milan (Northern Italy) were retrospectively considered. Stones were classified as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD), mixed uric acid/calcium oxalate (UC); uric acid (UA), struvite (ST); apatite (CAP); mixed calcium oxalate / apatite (CAPOX); others. The patients were divided into two groups: 2001-2003 and 2016-2018. The average temperature values of the region over the two time periods were obtained by the national statistical institute. Results: The average age of the 2001-2003 group (45.8+/-15.4 years) was significantly lower than the average age of the 2016-18 group (57.9+/-14.8) (0.000). M / F ratio was similar in the two groups: 119 / 69 (1:0.58) in 2001-2003 MI and 527 / 292 (1:0.55) in 2016-18 (p = 0.862). COM stones tended to more frequent in 2016-18 group than in 2001-03. COD stones were significantly more frequent in 2001-03 than in 2016-18. ST stone frequency was increased from 2001-03 to 2016-18. No increase of uric acid containing stones was observed in 2016-18. Results were confirmed after adjustment by age. Averages annual regional temperatures increased from 14° C to 15.4° C during the two observation periods. Conclusions: No increase of UA stones was observed, probably due to the limited impact of the global warming in our temperate climate.

scholarly journals Effect of Climate on Time Changes in the Spectrum of Urinary Stone Composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Trinchieri ◽  
Alessandro Maletta ◽  
Giovanni Simonelli ◽  
Luca Boeri ◽  
Elisa De Lorenzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Time Changes

Abstract Background: An increase of the frequency of uric acid urinary stones compared to calcium-containing ones has been recently described. This study was aimed at assessing the frequency of different types of urinary stones in the population of northern Italy in the period 2016-18 compared to 2001-2003.Methods: Analyses by infrared spectroscopy of 1007 stones endoscopically removed at two institutions in the area of Milan (Northern Italy) were retrospectively considered. Stones were classified as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD), mixed uric acid/calcium oxalate (UC); uric acid (UA), struvite (ST); apatite (CAP); mixed calcium oxalate / apatite (CAPOX); others. The patients were divided into two groups: 2001-2003 and 2016-2018. The average temperature values of the region over the two time periods were obtained by the national statistical institute.Results: The average age of the 2001-2003 group (45.8+/-15.4 years) was significantly lower than the average age of the 2016-18 group (57.9+/-14.8) (0.000). M / F ratio was similar in the two groups: 119 / 69 (1:0.58) in 2001-2003 and 527 / 292 (1:0.55) in 2016-18 (p = 0.862). COM stones tended to more frequent in 2016-18 group than in 2001-03. COD stones were significantly more frequent in 2001-03 than in 2016-18. ST stone frequency was increased from 2001-03 to 2016-18. No increase of uric acid containing stones was observed in 2016-18. Results were confirmed after adjustment by age. Averages annual regional temperatures increased from 14° C to 15.4° C during the two observation periods.Conclusions: No increase of UA stones was observed, probably due to the limited impact of the global warming in our temperate climate.

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