scholarly journals DIABETES MELLITUS;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Farhat Bashir ◽  
Farzana Rehman ◽  
Samina Ghaznavi ◽  
Jamal Ara
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T

Diabetes mellitus is a modifiable risk factor for generalized atherosclerosis.Measurement of carotid intima media thickness by Doppler ultrasonography can be used tomeasure the extent of atherosclerosis. Objectives: To determine the association of carotidatherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with glycemiccontrol. Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Period: 12 months June 2015 toMay 2016. Setting: Creek General Hospital in the Department of Medicine and Radiology,Karachi, Pakistan. Method: The subjects were selected from diabetic patients presenting tothe Out-Patient Department and controls from their attendants. All subjects had a detailedhistory, physical examination and laboratory investigations recorded. The variables includedage, gender, weight, BMI, blood pressures, fasting and post prandial blood sugars, HbA1cand lipid profile. All individuals underwent B-mode ultrasound for carotid Doppler studies. Asingle operator conducted all the Doppler studies. The carotid intima media thickness wasmeasured and the presence of carotid plaque was recorded for each subject. The data wasentered on SPSS ver 20.0. Numbers and percentages were calculated for categorical datawhile mean±standard deviation was calculated for continuous data. The carotid intima mediathickness and its association with diabetes were analyzed by Student’s t test. P-value of <0.05was considered significant. Among the diabetic patients the relationship of glycemic controland carotid intima media thickness was analyzed through student’s t-test. P-value of <0.05was considered significant. The association of presence of carotid plaque for diabetic and nondiabeticsubjects was assessed by Chi-square test. P-value of <0.05 was taken as significant.Association of carotid plaque among diabetic patients with satisfactory and unsatisfactoryglycemic control was also assessed through the Chi-square test and p-value of<0.05 wasconsidered significant. Result: Out of the total study population of 237 subjects, which consistedof 119 diabetic and 118 normal controls, there were 105 male and 132 female patients. Themean fasting blood sugar was 113.3±55.2 mg/dl, mean random blood sugar was 185.9±102.0mg/dl, mean HbA1c was 6.98±2.5 %. Mean ±SD of carotid intima media thickness was0.91±0.17 mm. Results revealed that diabetes has significant association with the thicknessof carotid intima media (p-value<0.000). A total of 28 individuals (11.8%) had a carotid intimamedia thickness that was classified as a localized carotid artery plaque. The presence of carotidplaque also showed a significant association with the presence of diabetes. The degree ofglycemic control showed no relationship with carotid intima media thickness. The presenceof carotid plaque also showed no association with degree of glycemic control. Conclusion:CIMT measured by Doppler ultrasonography was found to be significantly associated with thepresence of diabetes mellitus. There was no relationship of glycemic control with CIMT amongthe diabetic patients.

scholarly journals DIETARYPRACTICES OF DIABETES MELLITUSPATIENTS TYPE 2 IN RELATION WITH DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AT PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS IN SANAA CITY, YEMEN, 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Mansour M.A. Ghaleb ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in nearly all countries. The most common type is type 2 diabetes.Dietarypractices of diabetes mellitus patients type 2 in relation with demographic variables at private and government hospitals in Sanaa city, Yemen the objective of present study. A hospital-based cross - sectional descriptive study conducted from October 2018 to May 2019, among adultsfrom both gender attended to the selected hospital in Sanaa to receive health service. A prepared questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analyzed by using SPSS softwareversion 20 was used. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe the socio-demographic and dietary practices variables. Data described by frequencies and percentages and presented in tables. Chi square test was used to test differences in dietary practicesin relation with demographic variables. Test considered to be significant p value < 0.05. The sample was formed of 200 adult diabetic patients, more than half (53.5%) were females. Ages of participant ranged between 25 years and 80 years, with a mean of 52 ± 11 years. Illiterate women represented 62% of total women, while illiterate men represented 13% of total men. Nearly half of participants had poor dietary practices (45.5%) towards diabetes.There was a better score of good & acceptable dietary practices tend to be more in private hospitals.There is a need to strengthen good dietary practices through health education.

scholarly journals Mean Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (244) ◽  
pp. 1243-1246
Author(s):  
Prakash Kayastha ◽  
Sharma Paudel ◽  
Ghanshyam Gurung ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Rudra Prasad Upadhyaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Media Thickness

Introduction: Sonographic carotid intima media thickness measurement in diabetic patients is an important tool for estimating the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. It is a simple, noninvasive and widely available tool which can give idea of further treatment needed. The objective of this study was to determine the mean intima media complex thickness in patients with type II diabetes mellitus attending a tertiary care center. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in 64 patients with the type II diabetes mellitus patients visiting diabetic clinic of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, sent for carotid Doppler examination in the department of radiology and imaging. Ethical approval was taken from the Instituitonal Review Board. Convenient sampling method was used. Carotid intima media thickness was measured on both sides and mean intima media thickness was calculated. Mean intima media thickness for male and female diabetic patients was also calculated separately. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean carotid intima media thickness was 0.86±0.13mm with range from 0.7mm to 1.3mm. Mean intima media thickness in male was 0.832±0.094mm and in female it was 0.904±0.144mm. Among 64 patients, 30 (46.8%) were female and 34 (53.3%) were male. Age of the patients ranged from 35 years to 68 years with mean age of 52.4±6.54 years. Conclusions: Carotid intima media thickness in patients with type II diabetes mellitus showed higher values than that of mean value from study done in similar study. Female had higher mean intima media thickness than male.

scholarly journals Effect of sitagliptine and vildagliptine on carotid intima/media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1388
Author(s):  
Ganeswar Sethy ◽  
Geetanjali Sethy ◽  
Ranjit Rout ◽  
Abinash Panda ◽  
Adya Anwesha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
The Right

Background: Atherosclerosis is a known macro-vascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Gliptins, as a drug class have non-glycemic beneficial action on blood vessels and in addition to their anti-diabetic effects. This study was carried out to find out the effects of sitagliptin and vildagliptin on common carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The observational longitudinal study was carried out on 100 patients with 80 patients with confirmed clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. They were divided in 3 groups. Group A and Group B received drugs, either sitagliptine or vildagliptin and Group C control group did not receive any drug. High resolution B-mode ultrasonography was carried out for the measurement of intima-media thickness (IMT) of both the common carotid arteries (CCA). Data analysis was done using Microsoft excel spreadsheet and GraphPad Prism version 7.0 (free trial version) software package. A p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The baseline value for the control group was 0.812±0.0748 mm for both the right and left CCA. At 52 weeks the CCA IMT for the right and left CCA were 1.0185± 0.272 mm and 0.936±0.149 mm respectively. At 104 weeks the CCA IMT for the right and left CCA were 0.923±0.243 mm and 0.859±0.123 mm respectively.Conclusions: There was a significant decrease in carotid intima-media thickness in patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus treated with sitagliptin and vildagliptin.

scholarly journals Diabetic retinopathy and its’ association with carotid intima media thickness.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (09) ◽  
pp. 1445-1450
Author(s):  
Farhat Bashir ◽  
Beenish Khan ◽  
Shehla Tanveer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Control Serum

Objectives: To evaluate the association of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and CIMT (carotid intima-media thickness) in diabetic subjects and to identify the factors contributing to retinopathy. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Setting: Creek General Hospital, United Medical and Dental College. Period: August 2017 to July 2018. Material and Methods: After identification of 62 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus for the study, their complete history, physical examination and relevant laboratory investigations were recorded. The diabetic retinopathy was assessed by ophthalmoscopy. All subjects underwent Doppler ultrasound scanning of the carotid arteries for measurement of CIMT (carotid intima-media thickness). The data was analyzed through SPSS version 20.0. Student’s t-test was used to assess the association between retinopathy and CIMT and other continuous variables. The association of categorical variables was assessed by Chi-square. P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The target population constituted 29% males and 71% females. Among the participating subjects 50.2% had retinopathy while 49.8% subjects without retinopathy were included in the study. There was a strong association of retinopathy with carotid intima-media thickness. Retinopathy was also associated with duration of diabetes mellitus, measures of glycemic control, serum creatinine levels, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and serum triglycerides. Conclusion: Retinopathy is strongly associated with CIMT. Poor glycemic control, nephropathy, dyslipidemia and duration of diabetes also show association with retinopathy.

Correlation of Waist to Calf Circumference Ratio and Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish A Rao ◽  
Prakash Harischandra ◽  
Srikanth Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Calf Circumference ◽  
Media Thickness

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, because of the accelerated process of atherosclerosis. Obesity is an established risk factor and has gained immense importance in recent studies as an important risk factor for clinical cardiovascular disease, yet the fundamental component stays unclear. Calf circumference is another form for lean mass and peripheral subcutaneous fat and is inversely associated with occurrence of carotid plaques (CP). Multiplicative and opposite effects of both Calf Circumference (CC) and Waist Circumference (WC) in event of CP suggest that the two measures should be taken into account commonly while assessing vascular risk profile. Aim & Objective: To ascertain if waist to calf circumference ratio (WCR) is a marker of Carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To asses s the correlation between waist to calf circumference ratio and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT ) in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study at Hospital affiliated to Kasturba Medical college Mangalore from Sept 2016 to Sept 2018 . Method of study: Patients with type 2 DM as per ADA criteria, age >18years are recruited for the study. Results and discussion: In our study with 150 population 25 patients had carotid atherosclerosis and 20 patients had CIMT>1.1. The waist circumference in patients with CA is in the range of 93.07 and 99.85 & the CC in patients with CA is in the range of 29.49 to 31.25. The WCR in patients with CA is in the range of 3.12 to 3.26. The difference was statistically significant with a p value of <0.05. In our study it was found that WC and WCR correlated well with carotid atherosclerosis, and surprisingly calf circumference also correlated with carotid atherosclerosis but not as significant as both WC and WCR. Conclusion: To conclude, in our population based study of 150 subjects we found that carotid atherosclerosis is significantly more in people with increased waist calf circumference ratio. WCR may be a new, useful and practical anthropometric index that facilitates the early identification of diabetic subjects with high risk for cardiovascular disease. Validation of this finding in individual populations is required. Future studies should test the association of calf circumference with carotid intima media thickness and carotid plaques using better measures than ultrasound such as magnetic resonance imaging. Further research focusing on underlying mechanisms in the role of lean mass and peripheral fat mass is required.

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