scholarly journals DIARRHEA IN NEWBORNS;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nighat Aslam ◽  
Sana Khalid ◽  
Omer Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Investigation ◽  
The World ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Policy Proposals

Newborns mortality is the serious problem in all over the world and Diarrheais a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in mostly resource-constrained nations like Pakistan. Objectives: The study was aimed to determine causes and frequency of the diarrhea in 1st 6 months of life in term newborns, to study the biochemical characteristics and to further suggest the possible policy proposals. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Duration: Six months. Subjects and Methods: A total of 300 cases fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled to determine the frequency of acute diarrhea in newborns. Data was collected through specially designed Performa. Follow up of patients were also ensured. Results: In our study, out of 300 children born by cesarean delivery, 47.67%(n=143) were between 1-3 months and 4-6 months was recorded in 52.33%(n=157), mean+sd was calculated as 3.57+2.92 months, 57.33%(n=172) were male and 42.67%(n=128) were females, frequency of diarrhea was recorded in 20.33%(n=61) while 79.67%(n=239) had no findings of the morbidity. Conclusion: Biochemical investigation showed what kind of diarrhea an infant has. The frequency of acute diarrhea in newborns is high among those who delivered by cesarean delivery. However, it is also required that every setup should have their surveillance in order to know the frequency, reasons and causes of the problem.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN PREBIOTIK TERHADAP DURASI DIARE PADA ANAK PRA SEKOLAH DI RUANG DURIAN RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KLUNGKUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
A.A. Ngurah Nara Kusuma ◽  
Ni Ketut Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
School Children ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
The World

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children in the world, as well as in Indonesia. To reduce mortality due to diarrhea, it needs fast and appropriate management. Probiotics have been widely used in cases of acute diarrhea in children but have not been recommended at the Klungkung Regional General Hospital. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of prebiotic administration on the duration of diarrhea in pre-school children.This type of quantitative observational research uses a comparative study design. This study involved 40 respondents who were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria with purposive sampling technique.The results showed that the duration of diarrhea in pre-school children given prebiotics averaged 23.74 or 24 hours 14 minutes, while the duration of diarrhea in pre-school children given standard therapy was on average 47 hours 49 minutes. The results of the Independent T Test obtained p value = 0.001 <0.05, which means that prebiotic administration is more effective than giving standard therapy to the duration of diarrhea in pre-treated children. Suggested to the Hospital so that prebiotics can be used as standard therapy for pediatric patients who suffer from diarrhea. Keywords: Prebiotics, Duration of Diarrhea, Pre-school Children 

The Effectiveness of Nortriptyline and Tolerability of Side Effects in Neurogenic Cough Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 000348942097023
Author(s):  
Sungjin A. Song ◽  
Kanittha Choksawad ◽  
Ramon A. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Medication Dosage ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of nortriptyline and tolerability of side effects in the treatment of neurogenic cough. Secondary goal is to evaluate the association between laryngeal asymmetry and clinical response to nortriptyline. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed with neurogenic cough at a quaternary care specialty hospital from 2001 to 2020 were identified. Subjects <18 years old, not treated with nortriptyline, did not have a nasolaryngoscopic examination and were lost to follow-up were excluded. Charts were reviewed for demographic information, clinical history, nasolaryngoscopic findings, medication dosage, side effects, and follow-up time. Results: Forty-two patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 males and 35 females with an average age of 56.5 (±13.1) years. There were 26/36 (72.2%) responders and 10/36 (27.8%) non-responders; 6 patients stopped nortriptyline due to side effects and were not included in the response comparison. Laryngeal asymmetry was present in 36/42 (85.7%) patients. No factors related to laryngeal asymmetry were significantly different between responders and non-responders. Medication tolerance was observed in 3/42 (7.1%) patients. Side effects were reported in 16/42 (38.1%) patients. The most common side effects were sedation 9/42 (21.4%) and xerostomia 3/42 (7.1%). Conclusion: Nortriptyline is effective for treating neurogenic cough with 72% of patients reporting improvement in cough. Evidence of laryngeal asymmetry was not associated with better treatment response. Although 38% experienced side effects, the majority of patients continued nortriptyline despite side effects. Level of Evidence: 4

scholarly journals Posterior Focal Curettage and Spine Stability Reconstruction by Temporary Pedicle Screw Fixation in Children With Collapsed Vertebrae due to Eosinophilic Granuloma

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822098826
Author(s):  
Yiming Zheng ◽  
Bo Ning ◽  
Chunxing Wu ◽  
Chuang Qian ◽  
Junrong Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Eosinophilic Granuloma ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pedicle Screw Fixation ◽  
Vertebral Height ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Spine Stability

Study Design: Retrospective case series. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of growth-preserving posterior spinal column reconstruction surgery in children with collapsed vertebral eosinophilic granuloma (EG). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 15 confirmed cases of vertebral EG who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from March 2015 to March 2018 in our hospital. The recovery of diseased vertebrae was assessed. Results: The cases were composed of 11 males and 4 females with a mean age of 74.3 ± 38.8 months. Nine cases presented with thoracic vertebral destruction, 6 cases with lumbar vertebral destruction. Under Garg’s classification, 10, 3 and 2 cases were classified as Grade IIA, IB and IIB lesions, respectively. All patients had mild to moderate night-aggravated back pain and recovered at 1-week after surgery. Three patients had Frankel D neurologic symptoms and recovered at 1-week, 1-week and 4-weeks after surgery, respectively. Follow-up time after surgery ranged from 1.9 years to 4.5 years, with a mean of 2.9 years. The median vertebral height at 12 months after surgery was significantly higher than the preoperative height. Furthermore, the vertebral heights of all diseased vertebrae displayed significant recovery trends at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgical treatment. The percentages of vertebral height recovery to references at 12 months after surgery ranged from 34.7% to 92.5%, with an average of 71.2%. Conclusions: In children with collapsed vertebral EGs, active surgical treatment is necessary to retain the ability to restore height and to reconstruct the spine stability.

scholarly journals Neonatal Coronavirus 2019 Infection in a tertiary setup of India: A case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Jinia Saha ◽  
Tapas Das ◽  
Kaustav Nayek
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
The World

Covid-19 disease caused by SARS-COV-2 has been a pandemic throughout the world including India. It affects all age groups including children. The disease is much milder among children compared to adults. In neonates, the disease is often mild and has good prognosis. It is still doubtful whether there is vertical transmission to the neonates from infected mothers. Also, it is not proved whether the disease can be transmitted through breast milk. Here we present case reports of three neonates, two of which were born to COVID-19 positive mothers. Rest one got infected at 25 days of life. None of the two infants born to COVID-19 positive were positive at the time of birth. Our observation is similar to the previous studies that COVID-19 has not yet been proved to transmit vertically. One of them contracted the disease on day 7 of life from the mother in spite of strict precautions. It could not be proved whether it was transmitted from breast milk or faulty practice. One of the infants presented with late onset sepsis. All of the infants recovered well and was thriving well on follow up.

Abstract #856 A Case Series Review of Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Pituitary Abcess in Mexican Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Mireya Perez-Guzman ◽  
Alfredo Nava de la Vega ◽  
Arturo Pena Velarde ◽  
Tania Raisha Torres Victoria ◽  
Froylan Martinez-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Mexican Patients

Effect of Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in Patellofemoral Instability Regardless of Predisposing Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Ik Lee ◽  
Mohd Shahrul Azuan Jaffar ◽  
Han Gyeol Choi ◽  
Tae Woo Kim ◽  
Yong Seuk Lee
Keyword(s):  
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament ◽  
Trochlear Dysplasia ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Patellofemoral Instability ◽  
International Knee Documentation Committee ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Mpfl Reconstruction ◽  
Patellar Tilt ◽  
Case Series Study

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of isolated medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, regardless of the presence of predisposing factors. A total of 21 knees that underwent isolated MPFL reconstruction from March 2014 to August 2017 were included in this retrospective series. Radiographs of the series of the knee at flexion angles of 20, 40, and 60 degrees were acquired. The patellar position was evaluated using the patellar tilt angle, sulcus angle, congruence angle (CA), and Caton-Deschamps and Blackburne-Peel ratios. To evaluate the clinical outcome, the preoperative and postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm knee scoring scales were analyzed. To evaluate the postoperative outcomes based on the predisposing factors, the results were separately analyzed for each group. Regarding radiologic outcomes, 20-degree CA was significantly reduced from 10.37 ± 5.96° preoperatively to −0.94 ± 4.11° postoperatively (p = 0.001). In addition, regardless of the predisposing factors, delta values of pre- and postoperation of 20-degree CA were not significantly different in both groups. The IKDC score improved from 53.71 (range: 18–74) preoperatively to 94.71 (range: 86–100) at the last follow-up (p = 0.004), and the Lysholm score improved from 54.28 (range: 10–81) preoperatively to 94.14 (range: 86–100) at the last follow-up (p = 0.010). Isolated MPFL reconstruction provides a safe and effective treatment for patellofemoral instability, even in the presence of mild predisposing factors, such as trochlear dysplasia, increased patella height, increased TT–TG distance, or valgus alignment. This is a Level 4, case series study.

A case series of metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: patients characteristics, therapeutic approach and follow-up

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Angelousi ◽  
Eva Kassi ◽  
Melpomeni Peppa ◽  
Alexandra Chrysoulidou ◽  
George Zografos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Case Series

Long-term outcomes of lumbar microdiscectomy in the pediatric population: a large single-institution case series

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557
Author(s):  
Malia McAvoy ◽  
Heather J. McCrea ◽  
Vamsidhar Chavakula ◽  
Hoon Choi ◽  
Wenya Linda Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Management ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVEFew studies describe long-term functional outcomes of pediatric patients who have undergone lumbar microdiscectomy (LMD) because of the rarity of pediatric disc herniation and the short follow-up periods. The authors analyzed risk factors, clinical presentation, complications, and functional outcomes of a single-institution series of LMD patients over a 19-year period.METHODSA retrospective case series was conducted of pediatric LMD patients at a large pediatric academic hospital from 1998 to 2017. The authors examined premorbid risk factors, clinical presentation, physical examination findings, type and duration of conservative management, indications for surgical intervention, complications, and postoperative outcomes.RESULTSOver the 19-year study period, 199 patients underwent LMD at the authors’ institution. The mean age at presentation was 16.0 years (range 12–18 years), and 55.8% were female. Of these patients, 70.9% participated in competitive sports, and among those who did not play sports, 65.0% had a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2. Prior to surgery, conservative management had failed in 98.0% of the patients. Only 3 patients (1.5%) presented with cauda equina syndrome requiring emergent microdiscectomy. Complications included 4 cases of postoperative CSF leak (2.0%), 1 case of a noted intraoperative CSF leak, and 3 cases of wound infection (1.5%). At the first postoperative follow-up appointment, minimal or no pain was reported by 93.3% of patients. The mean time to return to sports was 9.8 weeks. During a mean follow-up duration of 8.2 years, 72.9% of patients did not present again after routine postoperative appointments. The total risk of reoperation was a rate of 7.5% (3.5% of patients underwent reoperation for the same level; 4.5% underwent adjacent-level decompression, and one patient [0.5%] ultimately underwent a fusion).CONCLUSIONSMicrodiscectomy is a safe and effective treatment for long-term relief of pain and return to daily activities among pediatric patients with symptomatic lumbar disc disease in whom conservative management has failed.

Mechanical thrombectomy in pediatric stroke: systematic review, individual patient data meta-analysis, and case series

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Bhatia ◽  
Hans Kortman ◽  
Christopher Blair ◽  
Geoffrey Parker ◽  
David Brunacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Outcomes

OBJECTIVEThe role of mechanical thrombectomy in pediatric acute ischemic stroke is uncertain, despite extensive evidence of benefit in adults. The existing literature consists of several recent small single-arm cohort studies, as well as multiple prior small case series and case reports. Published reports of pediatric cases have increased markedly since 2015, after the publication of the positive trials in adults. The recent AHA/ASA Scientific Statement on this issue was informed predominantly by pre-2015 case reports and identified several knowledge gaps, including how young a child may undergo thrombectomy. A repeat systematic review and meta-analysis is warranted to help guide therapeutic decisions and address gaps in knowledge.METHODSUsing PRISMA-IPD guidelines, the authors performed a systematic review of the literature from 1999 to April 2019 and individual patient data meta-analysis, with 2 independent reviewers. An additional series of 3 cases in adolescent males from one of the authors’ centers was also included. The primary outcomes were the rate of good long-term (mRS score 0–2 at final follow-up) and short-term (reduction in NIHSS score by ≥ 8 points or NIHSS score 0–1 at up to 24 hours post-thrombectomy) neurological outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in patients < 18 years of age. The secondary outcome was the rate of successful angiographic recanalization (mTICI score 2b/3).RESULTSThe authors’ review yielded 113 cases of mechanical thrombectomy in 110 pediatric patients. Although complete follow-up data are not available for all patients, 87 of 96 (90.6%) had good long-term neurological outcomes (mRS score 0–2), 55 of 79 (69.6%) had good short-term neurological outcomes, and 86 of 98 (87.8%) had successful angiographic recanalization (mTICI score 2b/3). Death occurred in 2 patients and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in 1 patient. Sixteen published thrombectomy cases were identified in children < 5 years of age.CONCLUSIONSMechanical thrombectomy may be considered for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (ICA terminus, M1, basilar artery) in patients aged 1–18 years (Level C evidence; Class IIb recommendation). The existing evidence base is likely affected by selection and publication bias. A prospective multinational registry is recommended as the next investigative step.

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