Penentuan Kriteria Pengunjung dalam Pemilihan Green Hotel di Kota Bandung Menggunakan Metode Discrete Choice Experiment dengan Desain Choice Sets Kombinatorial

Abstract. This research discusses about planning of guest formulation in the selection of environmentally green hotels by using a 2k-p factorial fractional design and combinatorial choice sets on the Discrete Choice Experiment method. Discrete Choice Experiments is a quantitative method for survey-based respondents' preference assessment. This method asks respondents to choose the preferred choice from several alternative choices provided. With this method the authors will apply to the case of green hotel selection, because currently in the United States, investors are beginning to look at green building opportunities as a long-term investment in accordance with the operational costs of green buildings that are more efficient than conventional buildings. The concept of green building is one of the efforts to save energy that can be applied to a building. The material of this study is primary data by distributing questionnaires to respondents using voluntary sampling techniques. In this study, there are 8 independent variables consisting of 5 attribute variables and 3 respondent identity variables. This study aims to determine the criteria for visitors in choosing the most desirable green hotel. The results of this study are the results of green hotel research that is most sought after by visitors, namely hotels with quality luxury rooms, toiletries provided, visitors are required to improve the environment, there is the practice of using plastic on product packaging, and there is the use of lamps as well as energy-saving equipment. After further analysis of the demographics of respondents regarding the preference of the selected green hotel criteria for each respondent, and the results obtained at the time, gender, occupation and experience of staying in a green hotel together are not related to the involvement of the selected green hotel criteria chosen from each respondent. Abstrak. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penentuan rancangan kriteria pengunjung dalam pemilihan hotel ramah lingkungan (green hotel) dengan menggunakan desain fractional factorial 2k-p dan choice sets kombinatorial pada metode Discrete Choice Experiment. Discrete Choice Experiment merupakan metode kuantitatif untuk menilai suatu preferensi seorang responden yang berbasis survei. Metode ini meminta responden untuk memilih pilihan yang diminati dari beberapa alternatif pilihan yang disediakan. Dengan metode ini penulis akan melakukan penerapan pada kasus pemilihan kriteria green hotel, karena saat ini di Amerika Serikat, para investor mulai melirik peluang green building sebagai investasi jangka panjang dikarenakan biaya operasional green building yang lebih hemat dibandingkan bangunan konvensional. Konsep green building merupakan salah satu upaya penghematan energi yang dapat diterapkan pada suatu gedung. Bahan dari penelitian ini merupakan data primer dengan melakukan penyebaran kuesioner kepada responden dengan menggunakan teknik sampling sukarela. Pada penelitian ini, terdapat 8 variabel independen yang terdiri dari 5 variabel atribut dan 3 variabel identitas responden. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kriteria pengunjung dalam memilih green hotel yang paling diminati. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah didapatkan kriteria green hotel yang paling diminati oleh pengunjung yaitu hotel dengan kualitas kamar mewah, perlengkapan mandi disediakan, pengunjung diwajibkan untuk menjaga lingkungan, ada praktik penggunaan plastik pada kemasan produk, dan ada penggunaan lampu juga peralatan hemat energi. Setelah itu dilakukan analisis lanjutan mengenai pengaruh dari demografi responden terhadap banyaknya keterpilihan kriteria green hotel terpilih pada setiap responden, dan diperoleh hasil bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan dan pengalaman menginap di green hotel secara bersama-sama tidak berpengaruh terhadap banyaknya keterpilihan kriteria green hotel terpilih dari setiap responden.

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Eliciting gastric cancer survivors’ preferences for follow-up services: a discrete choice experiment protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e049742

Author(s):

Hui-qin Li ◽

Jin-hua Han ◽

Hua Yuan ◽

Guang-ying Wan ◽

Hui Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Logit Model ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

Discrete Choice Experiments ◽

Follow Up Care

IntroductionFollow-up care is important for gastric cancer survivors, but follow-up strategies for gastric cancer survivors remain inconsistent, and compliance of gastric cancer survivors with follow-up care is very low. Understanding the needs and preferences of gastric cancer survivors is conducive to developing appropriate and acceptable follow-up strategies, thereby improving patient compliance. Discrete choice experiments can quantify individual needs and preferences. However, to date, there is no discrete choice experiment on the preferences of gastric cancer survivors, and no studies have examined how gastric cancer survivors make choices based on different characteristics of follow-up. This paper outlines an ongoing discrete choice experiment that aims to (1) explore follow-up service-related characteristics that may affect gastric cancer survivors’ choices about their follow-up, (2) elicit how gastric cancer survivors consider the trade-offs among different follow-up service options using discrete choice experiment, (3) determine whether gastric cancer survivors’ needs and preferences for follow-up vary due to the economy, politics, technology and culture in different regions.Methods and analysisSix attributes were developed through a literature review, semistructured interviews and experts and focus group discussions. A fractional factorial design was used to evaluate the interaction between attributes. A multiple logit model will be used to understand the trade-off between the follow-up characteristics of gastric cancer survivors. A mixed logit model will be used to explore the willingness to pay and uptake rate of gastric cancer survivors for follow-up attributes and further explore the preferences of different groups.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the ethics committee of the School of Nursing, Jilin University. The results of this study will be shared through online blogs, policy briefs, seminars and peer-reviewed journal articles and will be used to modify the current strategy of gastric cancer survivors’ follow-up services according to economic development and regional culture.

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Employment preferences of obstetricians and gynecologists to work in the district hospitals: evidence from a discrete choice experiment in Nepal

Human Resources for Health ◽

10.1186/s12960-019-0427-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bishnu Gautam ◽

Vishnu Prasad Sapkota ◽

Rajendra Raj Wagle

Keyword(s):

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Health Workers ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Job Attributes ◽

Recruitment And Retention ◽

District Hospitals ◽

Choice Sets

Abstract Background A mismatch between the requirement and annual production of obstetricians and gynecologists (OBs-GYNs) was observed in Nepal. On top of that, recruitment and retention of OBs-GYNs is a pressing problem, especially in district hospitals of Nepal. In this connection, evidence on the job priorities and preferences of OBs-GYNs, which is currently lacking in Nepal, would help in policymakers in devising recruitment and retention strategies in these hospitals. This study, therefore, aims at exploring the most relevant job attributes that OBs-GYNs would prefer to work in the district hospitals of Nepal using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) technique. Methods Job attributes relevant to design the questionnaire were identified using keyinformant interviews and focusgroup discussions with policymakers and top managers. Then, 48 choice sets were developed using a fractional factorial design. Using these unlabeled choice sets, a DCE was conducted among 189 OBs-GYNs. The multinomial logistic regression model was used to estimate the marginal utilities and other model parameters. The willingness to pay/accept estimates was also measured for each job attribute. Results OBs-GYNs preferred the presence of a full team at the workplace (OB-GYN, pediatrician, and anesthesiologist), provision of primary and secondary education for children, and opportunity of private practice. On the other hand, a few job attributes such as a higher duration of service in district hospitalsand the provisions of a car allowance were preferred less by the respondents. Results from the marginal utility by the OBs-GYNs would be open to trade among the attributes. Conclusions The job attributes identified as incentives in this study should be included in a package to attract OBs-GYNs to serve in district hospitals of Nepal rather than offering a standard incentive package to all health workers. Similarly, this study confirmed the importance of the combination of non-monetary and monetary interventions in attracting and retaining health workers in district hospitals of Nepal.

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Evaluation of Job Preference of Prospective Dentists using Discrete Choice Experiment

Economic Journal of Development Issues ◽

10.3126/ejdi.v19i1-2.17707 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 100-119

Author(s):

Rabindra Man Shrestha ◽

Sujita Shrestha ◽

Vishnu Prasad Sapkota

Keyword(s):

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Educational Opportunity ◽

Job Characteristics ◽

Dental Students ◽

Further Education ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

Choice Sets ◽

Dental Professionals

Introduction: The number of dentists is increasing in Nepal and they have a tendency to accumulate in the capital and major cities of the country. Moreover, their job priorities and professional inclinations have not been identified yet. The need, demand and supply of the dental professionals and their retention in rural areas are required to be studied from the health economics perspective. The main objective of the study was to identify preferences on job characteristics of prospective dentists and determine monetary valuation of the attributes of job choices.Methodology: Discrete choice experiment (DCE) with choice sets in the form of self-administered questionnaire was used. 402 Nepalese dental students, interns and recently graduated dentists from various universities were studied. Seven job characteristics and their corresponding levels were determined from focus group discussion. We adopted main effect fractional factorial design to create 48 choice sets. The respondents were divided into 6 blocks, with each block comprising of 8 choice sets. Each choice set comprised of two choices and an alternative specific constant (ASC). Multiple logistic regression with mixed logit model was applied to analyze the preferences of various job characteristics.Results: The response rate was 74%. Further educational opportunity was the most important job attribute for dentists in choosing their job. The order of preference for other job characteristics was: amenities at workplace, distance to workplace, private practice opportunity, and additional incentive. (p<0.01). Whereas, the job attribute CPD opportunity was not found statistically significant and has negative estimated coefficient. The ‘willingness-to-accept’ was found maximum (NRs. 144,000) for educational opportunity. (p/a). The preferences varied with gender, location and respondent category.Conclusion: Job characteristics like further education opportunity and amenities at workplace should be given importance in creating job opportunities for dentists. The offering of preferred job attributes could be helpful in retaining the dental professionals in rural areas.Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 19 & 20 No. 1-2 (2015) Combined Issue, Page: 100-119

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Patient preferences for use of virtual consultations in an orthopaedic rehabilitation setting: Results from a discrete choice experiment

Journal of Health Services Research & Policy ◽

10.1177/13558196211035427 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135581962110354

Author(s):

Anthony W Gilbert ◽

Emmanouil Mentzakis ◽

Carl R May ◽

Maria Stokes ◽

Jeremy Jones

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Model ◽

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Patient Preferences ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Best Practice ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Problem Area ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

The Impact

Objective Virtual Consultations may reduce the need for face-to-face outpatient appointments, thereby potentially reducing the cost and time involved in delivering health care. This study reports a discrete choice experiment (DCE) that identifies factors that influence patient preferences for virtual consultations in an orthopaedic rehabilitation setting. Methods Previous research from the CONNECT (Care in Orthopaedics, burdeN of treatmeNt and the Effect of Communication Technology) Project and best practice guidance informed the development of our DCE. An efficient fractional factorial design with 16 choice scenarios was created that identified all main effects and partial two-way interactions. The design was divided into two blocks of eight scenarios each, to reduce the impact of cognitive fatigue. Data analysis were conducted using binary logit regression models. Results Sixty-one paired response sets (122 subjects) were available for analysis. DCE factors (whether the therapist is known to the patient, duration of appointment, time of day) and demographic factors (patient qualifications, access to equipment, difficulty with activities, multiple health issues, travel costs) were significant predictors of preference. We estimate that a patient is less than 1% likely to prefer a virtual consultation if the patient has a degree, is without access to the equipment and software to undertake a virtual consultation, does not have difficulties with day-to-day activities, is undergoing rehabilitation for one problem area, has to pay less than £5 to travel, is having a consultation with a therapist not known to them, in 1 weeks’ time, lasting 60 minutes, at 2 pm. We have developed a simple conceptual model to explain how these factors interact to inform preference, including patients’ access to resources, context for the consultation and the requirements of the consultation. Conclusions This conceptual model provides the framework to focus attention towards factors that might influence patient preference for virtual consultations. Our model can inform the development of future technologies, trials, and qualitative work to further explore the mechanisms that influence preference.

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Improving the demand for birth registration: a discrete choice experiment in Ethiopia

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002209 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. e002209 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahari Yihdego ◽

Ayanaw Amogne ◽

Selamawit Desta ◽

Yoonjoung Choi ◽

Solomon Shiferaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Discrete Choice Experiments ◽

Birth Certificates ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Birth Registration

IntroductionBirth registration remains limited in most low and middle-income countries. We investigated which characteristics of birth registration facilities might determine caregivers’ decisions to register children in Ethiopia.MethodsWe conducted a discrete choice experiment in randomly selected households in Addis Ababa and the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region. We interviewed caregivers of children 0–5 years old. We asked participants to make eight choices between pairs of hypothetical registration facilities. These facilities were characterised by six attributes selected through a literature review and consultations with local stakeholders. Levels of these attributes were assigned at random using a fractional design. We analysed the choice data using mixed logit models that account for heterogeneity in preferences across respondents. We calculated respondents’ willingness to pay to access registration facilities with specific attributes. We analysed all data separately by place of residence (urban vs rural).ResultsSeven hundred and five respondents made 5614 choices. They exhibited preferences for registration facilities that charged lower fees for birth certificates, that required shorter waiting time to complete procedures and that were located closer to their residence. Respondents preferred registration facilities that were open on weekends, and where they could complete procedures in a single visit. In urban areas, respondents also favoured registration facilities that remained open for extended hours on weekdays, and where the presence of only one of the parents was required for registration. There was significant heterogeneity between respondents in the utility derived from several attributes of registration facilities. Willingness to pay for access to registration facilities with particular attributes was larger in urban than rural areas.ConclusionIn these regions of Ethiopia, changes to the operating schedule of registration facilities and to application procedures might help improve registration rates. Discrete choice experiments can help orient initiatives aimed at improving birth registration.

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Prostate cancer survivors’ preferences on the delivery of diet and lifestyle advice: a pilot best-worst discrete choice experiment

Pilot and Feasibility Studies ◽

10.1186/s40814-019-0549-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Luke A. Robles ◽

Stuart J. Wright ◽

Lucy Hackshaw-McGeagh ◽

Ellie Shingler ◽

Constance Shiridzinomwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice Experiments ◽

Face To Face ◽

Physical Activity Advice ◽

Diet And Physical Activity ◽

One To One

Abstract Background Lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity, are associated with prostate cancer progression and mortality. However, it is unclear how men would like lifestyle information to be delivered following primary treatment. This study aimed to identify men’s preferences for receiving lifestyle information. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional pilot best-worst discrete choice experiment which was nested within a feasibility randomised controlled trial. Our aim was to explore men’s preferences of receiving diet and physical activity advice following surgery for localised prostate cancer. Thirty-eight men with a mean age of 65 years completed best-worst scenarios based on four attributes: (1) how information is provided; (2) where information is provided; (3) who provides information; and (4) the indirect cost of receiving information. Data was analysed using conditional logistic regression. Men’s willingness to pay (WTP) for aspects of the service was calculated using an out-of-pocket cost attribute. Results The combined best-worst analysis suggested that men preferred information through one-to-one discussion β = 1.07, CI = 0.88 to 1.26) and not by email (β = − 1.02, CI = − 1.23 to − 0.80). They preferred information provided by specialist nurses followed by dietitians (β = 0.76, CI = 0.63 to 0.90 and − 0.16, CI = − 0.27 to − 0.05 respectively) then general nurses (β = − 0.60, CI = − 0.73 to − 0.48). Three groups were identified based on their preferences. The largest group preferred information through individual face-to-face or group discussions (β = 1.35, CI = 1.05 to 1.63 and 0.70, CI = 0.38 to 1.03 respectively). The second group wanted information via one-to-one discussions or telephone calls (β = 1.89, CI = 1.41 to 2.37 and 1.03, CI = 0.58 to 1.48 respectively), and did not want information at community centres (β = − 0.50, CI = − 0.88 to − 0.13). The final group preferred individual face-to-face discussions (β = 0.45, CI = 0.03 to 0.88) but had a lower WTP value (£17). Conclusions Men mostly valued personalised methods of receiving diet and physical activity information over impersonal methods. The out-of-pocket value of receiving lifestyle information was important to some men. These findings could help inform future interventions using tailored dietary and physical activity advice given to men by clinicians following treatment for prostate cancer, such as mode of delivery, context, and person delivering the intervention. Future studies should consider using discrete choice experiments to examine information delivery to cancer survivor populations.

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A protocol for a discrete choice experiment: understanding preferences of patients with cancer towards their cancer care across metropolitan and rural regions in Australia

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006661 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. e006661 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Shu Fen Wong ◽

Richard Norman ◽

Trisha L Dunning ◽

David M Ashley ◽

Paula K Lorgelly

Keyword(s):

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Cancer Care ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

Medical Decision ◽

Preference Heterogeneity ◽

Related Factors ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Clinical Scenarios

IntroductionMedical decision-making in oncology is a complicated process and to date there are few studies examining how patients with cancer make choices with respect to different features of their care. It is also unknown whether patient choices vary by geographical location and how location could account for observed rural and metropolitan cancer differences. This paper describes an ongoing study that aims to (1) examine patient and healthcare-related factors that influence choices of patients with cancer; (2) measure and quantify preferences of patients with cancer towards cancer care using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and (3) explore preference heterogeneity between metropolitan and rural locations.Methods and analysisA DCE is being conducted to understand how patients with cancer choose between two clinical scenarios accounting for different patient and healthcare-related factors (and levels). Preliminary qualitative research was undertaken to guide the development of an appropriate DCE design including characteristics that are important and relevant to patients with cancer. A fractional factorial design using the D-efficiency criteria was used to estimate interactions among attributes. Multinomial logistic regression will be used for the primary DCE analysis and to control for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.Ethics and disseminationThe Barwon Health Human Research Ethics Committee approved the study. Findings from the study will be presented in national/international conferences and peer-reviewed journals. Our results will form the basis of a feasibility study to inform the development of a larger scale study into preferences of patients with cancer and their association with cancer outcomes.

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Design of Discrete Choice Experiments

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190625979.013.91 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Deborah J. Street ◽

Rosalie Viney

Keyword(s):

Discrete Choice ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Stated Preference ◽

Choice Experiments ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Discrete Choice Experiments ◽

Random Component ◽

Choice Sets ◽

Attribute Levels ◽

Choice Set

Discrete choice experiments are a popular stated preference tool in health economics and have been used to address policy questions, establish consumer preferences for health and healthcare, and value health states, among other applications. They are particularly useful when revealed preference data are not available. Most commonly in choice experiments respondents are presented with a situation in which a choice must be made and with a a set of possible options. The options are described by a number of attributes, each of which takes a particular level for each option. The set of possible options is called a “choice set,” and a set of choice sets comprises the choice experiment. The attributes and levels are chosen by the analyst to allow modeling of the underlying preferences of respondents. Respondents are assumed to make utility-maximizing decisions, and the goal of the choice experiment is to estimate how the attribute levels affect the utility of the individual. Utility is assumed to have a systematic component (related to the attributes and levels) and a random component (which may relate to unobserved determinants of utility, individual characteristics or random variation in choices), and an assumption must be made about the distribution of the random component. The structure of the set of choice sets, from the universe of possible choice sets represented by the attributes and levels, that is shown to respondents determines which models can be fitted to the observed choice data and how accurately the effect of the attribute levels can be estimated. Important structural issues include the number of options in each choice set and whether or not options in the same choice set have common attribute levels. Two broad approaches to constructing the set of choice sets that make up a DCE exist—theoretical and algorithmic—and no consensus exists about which approach consistently delivers better designs, although simulation studies and in-field comparisons of designs constructed by both approaches exist.

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Evaluation of strategies to communicate harmful and potentially harmful constituent (HPHC) information through cigarette package inserts: a discrete choice experiment

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053579 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 677-683 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ramzi G Salloum ◽

Jordan J Louviere ◽

Kayla R Getz ◽

Farahnaz Islam ◽

Dien Anshari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Consumer Panel ◽

Effective Manner ◽

The Us ◽

Choice Sets ◽

Attribute Levels ◽

Online Consumer ◽

Cigarette Package

BackgroundThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulatory authority to use inserts to communicate with consumers about harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in tobacco products; however, little is known about the most effective manner for presenting HPHC information.MethodsIn a discrete choice experiment, participants evaluated eight choice sets, each of which showed two cigarette packages from four different brands and tar levels (high vs low), accompanied by an insert that included between-subject manipulations (ie, listing of HPHCs vs grouping by disease outcome and numeric values ascribed to HPHCs vs no numbers) and within-subject manipulations (ie, 1 of 4 warning topics; statement linking an HPHC with disease vs statement with no HPHC link). For each choice set, participants were asked: (1) which package is more harmful and (2) which motivates them to not smoke; each with a ’no difference' option. Alternative-specific logit models regressed choice on attribute levels.Results1212 participants were recruited from an online consumer panel (725 18–29-year-old smokers and susceptible non-smokers and 487 30–64-year-old smokers). Participants were more likely to endorse high-tar products as more harmful than low-tar products, with a greater effect when numeric HPHC information was present. Compared with a simple warning statement, the statement linking HPHCs with disease encouraged quit motivation.ConclusionsNumeric HPHC information on inserts appears to produce misunderstandings that some cigarettes are less harmful than others. Furthermore, brief narratives that link HPHCs to smoking-related disease may promote cessation versus communications that do not explicitly link HPHCs to disease.

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Understanding preferences for lifestyle-focused visual text messages in patients with cardiovascular and chronic respiratory disease: a discrete choice experiment (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.26224 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Choi ◽

Rebecca Raeside ◽

Karice Hyun ◽

Stephanie Ruth Partridge ◽

Aravinda Thiagalingam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Patient Preferences ◽

Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Text Messaging ◽

Text Messages ◽

Choice Sets ◽

Visual Text

BACKGROUND Supporting healthy lifestyle change is a key aim of cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Text messaging programs have demonstrated effectiveness in cardiovascular disease risk reduction, weight loss, increasing physical activity and smoking cessation. Optimisation of text message programs may deliver greater population benefits as mobile phone usage becomes ubiquitous. Visual messaging (i.e. image-based messages) has the potential to communicate health messages via digital technology with enhanced engagement. OBJECTIVE To determine and understand patient preferences for lifestyle-focused visual text messages that support cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation METHODS A discrete choice experiment was conducted in a four-stage iterative process to elicit patient preferences for features of visual messages. Attribute and level development yielded three attributes: purpose, image type and web address and 16 choice sets were subsequently constructed according to a full factorial design. Patients participating in cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation were surveyed (online) for their preferences regarding the visual message choice sets. Respondents were asked to choose between 16 pairs of visual messages regarding key lifestyle behaviours, namely, physical activity and nutrition. Data were analysed by using a conditional logit model. RESULTS There was a total of 1728 observations from 54 unique respondents. Two factors that were associated with the patient preference were gain-framed purpose compared to no purpose (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.40 – 2.65) and real images compared to cartoon images (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04 – 1.54). A loss-framed purpose was less preferred than no purpose (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42 - 0.74). Overall, patients preferred positive images that were colourful and engaging with text that supported the image with a preference for images of real people rather than cartoons. CONCLUSIONS A discrete choice experiment is a scientific method to elicit patient preferences for a visual messaging intervention designed to support change to lifestyle behaviours. Text messaging programs which utilise visual aids may find greater patient satisfaction by employing a gain-frame, using real images and avoiding a loss-frame. Further research is needed to explore feasibility of implementation and health and behavioural outcomes associated with such visual messaging programs.

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