scholarly journals A Prevenção e Controlo de Infeção: Um Esforço Conjunto

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Rocha Pereira ◽  
Paulo Aguiar Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Final Report ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Eu

Estima-se que em 2050, no mundo inteiro, possam existir cerca de 10 milhões de mortes associadas à resistência aos antimicrobianos, superando as mortes atribuíveis a doença neoplásica.1 Em 2015, em Portugal, estimaram-se 24 021 casos de infeção por bactérias multirresistentes, responsáveis por 1158 mortes, das quais 63,5% associadas aos cuidados de saúde.2 Assim, as infeções nosocomiais, a resistência aos antimicrobianos e as doenças infeciosas emergentes são fatores determinantes na qualidade e segurança dos cuidados de saúde, condicionando uma significativa morbimortalidade que impede o seu normal funcionamento. [...] O`Neill J. Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recomendations. 2016. [accessed May 2020] Available from: https://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/160518_Final%20paper_with%20cover.pdf. Cassini A, Högberg LD, Plachouras D, Quattrocchi A, Hoxha A, Simonsen GS, et al. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis. Lancet Infect Dis2019;19:56-66. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4.

Abstract P116: The Impact of Diet Low in Fruits and Vegetables on Cardiovascular Disease Burden Across 195 Countries in 2015

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J Sur ◽  
Ashkan Afshin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: While cardio-protective effects of fruits and vegetables are well-established, the impact of their suboptimal intake on the CVD burden across nations and levels of development has not been evaluated. Objective: To systematically quantify the burden of CVD attributable to low intake of fruits and low intake of vegetables in 195 countries by age, sex, country, and development status in 2015. Methods: We obtained data on consumption of fruits and vegetables from nationally or subnationally representative nutrition surveys and data on their national availability from the UN FAO. Etiologic effect sizes of fruits and vegetables on CVD endpoints were obtained from meta- analyses of prospective cohort studies. The optimal level of intakes for each was determined based on the levels associated with lowest risk of mortality in prospective observational studies. A comparative risk assessment analysis was conducted to quantify the proportion of disability- adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to low intake of each. The variation of this burden was further evaluated across different levels of our newly developed socio-demographic index (SDI). Results: In 2015, low intake of fruits accounted for 57.3 (95% UI: 37.1- 78.4) million DALYs due to CVD globally (41.5% from IHD and 58.5% from stroke). Low intake of vegetable caused 44.6 (23.6- 68.8) million CVD DALYs (67.3% IHD and 32.7% stroke). The highest burden of CVD attributable to low intake of fruits and vegetables was seen in the middle and low-middle SDI quintiles (17.2 and 14.3% of total DALYs), while the lowest burden for each was seen in high and high-middle SDI quintiles (12.7 and 11.2%). At the country level, the attributable CVD burden ranged from 5.1% of total DALYs (Rwanda) to 23.2% (Bangladesh) for low intake of fruit and from 5.9% (North Korea) to 19.4% (Mongolia) for low intake of vegetable. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that population inventions to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables at population level could save millions of life years globally. Figure. Age-standardized proportion of disability-adjusted life years attributable to low intake of fruits (A) and vegetables (B) from cardiovascular disease among adults (> 25y) in 2015.

scholarly journals Prediction of disability-adjusted life years for diseases due to low fruit intake in 2017–2040 in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Daisuke Yoneoka ◽  
Shuhei Nomura ◽  
Shiori Tanaka ◽  
Aya Ishizuka ◽  
Ueda Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Objective: The current study aimed to predict disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate in Japan through 2040 with plausible future scenarios of fruit intake for neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes and kidney diseases (DKD). Design: Data from National Health and Nutrition Surveys and the Global Burden of Diseases study in 2017 were used. We developed an autoregressive integrated moving average model with four future scenarios. Reference scenario maintains the current trend. Best scenario assumes that the goal defined in Health Japan 21 is achieved in 2023 and is kept constant afterwards. Moderate scenario assumes that the goal is achieved in 2040. Constant scenario applies the same proportion of 2016 for the period between 2017 and 2040. Setting: DALY rates in Japan were predicted for the period between 2017 and 2040. Participants: Population aged more than than 20 years old. Results: In our reference forecast, the DALY rates in all-ages group were projected to be stable for CVD and continue increasing for neoplasms and DKD. Age group-specific DALY rates for these three disease groups were forecasted to decrease, with some exceptions. Among men aged 20–49 years, DALY attributable to CVD differed substantially between the scenarios, implying that there is a significant potential for reducing the burden of CVD by increasing fruit intake at the population level. Conclusions: Our scenario analysis shows that higher fruit intake is associated with lower disease burden in Japan. Further research is required to assess which policies and interventions can be used to achieve an increase in fruit intake as modelled in the scenarios of the current study.

scholarly journals Impact of infectious diseases on population health using incidence-based disability-adjusted life years (DALYs): results from the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe study, European Union and European Economic Area countries, 2009 to 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cassini ◽  
Edoardo Colzani ◽  
Alessandro Pini ◽  
Marie-Josee J Mangen ◽  
Dietrich Plass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Total Burden ◽  
And Control

Background and aims The Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE) study aimed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 31 selected diseases in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA). Methods: DALYs were estimated using an incidence-based and pathogen-based approach. Incidence was estimated through assessment of data availability and quality, and a correction was applied for under-estimation. Calculation of DALYs was performed with the BCoDE software toolkit without applying time discounting and age-weighting. Results: We estimated that one in 14 inhabitants experienced an infectious disease episode for a total burden of 1.38 million DALYs (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1.25–1.5) between 2009 and 2013; 76% of which was related to the acute phase of the infection and its short-term complications. Influenza had the highest burden (30% of the total burden), followed by tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/AIDS and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Men had the highest burden measured in DALYs (60% of the total), adults 65 years of age and over had 24% and children less than 5 years of age had 11%. Age group-specific burden showed that infants (less than 1 year of age) and elderly people (80 years of age and over) experienced the highest burden. Conclusions: These results provide baseline estimates for evaluating infectious disease prevention and control strategies. The study promotes an evidence-based approach to describing population health and assessing surveillance data availability and quality, and provides information for the planning and prioritisation of limited resources in infectious disease prevention and control.

scholarly journals Estimating the direct Covid-19 disability-adjusted life years impact on the Malta population for the first full year

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cuschieri ◽  
Neville Calleja ◽  
Brecht Devleesschauwer ◽  
Grant M. A. Wyper
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Admission Data ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Roll Out

Abstract Background Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) combine the impact of morbidity and mortality, allowing for comprehensive comparisons of the population. The aim was to estimate the DALYs due to Covid-19 in Malta (March 2020–21) and investigate its impact in relation to other causes of disease at a population level. Methods Mortality and weekly hospital admission data were used to calculate DALYs, based on the European Burden of Disease Network consensus Covid-19 model. Covid-19 infection duration of 14 days was considered. Sensitivity analyses for different morbidity scenarios, including post-acute consequences were presented. Results An estimated 70,421 people were infected (with and without symptoms) by Covid-19 in Malta (March 2020–1), out of which 1636 required hospitalisation and 331 deaths, contributing to 5478 DALYs. These DALYs positioned Covid-19 as the fourth leading cause of disease in Malta. Mortality contributed to 95% of DALYs, while post-acute consequences contributed to 60% of morbidity. Conclusions Covid-19 over 1 year has impacted substantially the population health in Malta. Post-acute consequences are the leading morbidity factors that require urgent targeted action to ensure timely multidisciplinary care. It is recommended that DALY estimations in 2021 and beyond are calculated to assess the impact of vaccine roll-out and emergence of new variants.

scholarly journals Disease burden of bloodstream infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria: a population-level study—Japan, 2015-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Tsuzuki ◽  
Nobuaki Matsunaga ◽  
Koji Yahara ◽  
Keigo Shibayama ◽  
Motoyuki Sugai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Bacteriological Test

SummaryBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem. However, quantitative evaluation of its disease burden is challenging. This study aimed to estimate the disease burden of bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by major antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Japan between 2015 and 2018 in terms of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).MethodsWe estimated the DALYs of BSIs caused by the six major antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Japan by utilising comprehensive national surveillance data of all routine bacteriological test results from more than 1,400 hospitals between 2015 and 2018. We modified the methodology of a previous study by Cassini and colleagues to enable comparison of our results with those in other countries.ResultsWe estimated that 135.8 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 128.6-142.9) DALYs per 100,000 population was attributable to BSIs caused by the six antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in 2018. Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (FQREC), and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli (3GREC) accounted for 88.6% of the total. The burden did not decrease during the study period and was highest in people aged 65 years or older.ConclusionOur results revealed for the first time the disease burden of BSIs caused by six major antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Japan. The estimated disease burden associated with AMR in Japan is substantial and has not begun to decrease. Notably, the burden from FQREC and 3GREC has increased steadily and that from MRSA is larger than EU/EEA area, whereas that from other bacteria was comparatively small. Our results are expected to provide useful information for healthcare policymakers for prioritising interventions for AMR.FundingMinistry of Health, Labour and Welfare research grant (20HA2003); Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (JP19fk0108061)

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