scholarly journals The Effectiveness Of Additional Papain Enzyme In Artificial Diets On Protein Hydrolysis And Protease Enzyme Activity, White Snapper Larva (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Rasdi . ◽  
Gunarto Latama ◽  
Haryati Tandipayuk
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Protein Hydrolysis ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Protease Enzyme

Digestive enzyme and gut surfactant activity of detritivorous gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C Smoot ◽  
Robert H Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Gizzard Shad ◽  
Dorosoma Cepedianum ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Surfactant Activity

Measuring digestive enzyme and surfactant activities tested specialization of gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) digestive physiology to a detritivorous feeding strategy. Digestive enzyme activity was measured in adult and larval gizzard shad using fluorescently labeled artificial substrates. Surfactant activity in gizzard shad was measured by comparing gut juice drop diameters over a range of dilutions. Enzyme activity in the ceca region of adult gizzard shad was high for esterase, beta-glucosidase, lipase, and protease. Enzyme activity was lower in posterior intestine sections than in anterior intestine sections, although protease activity remained high for the greatest distance in the intestine. Micelles were detected in adult gizzard shad gut juice, and surfactant activity was greatest in the ceca region. Larval gizzard shad protease activity was similar to that of adult fish, and surfactants were below their critical micelle concentration. Gizzard shad coupled digestive physiology with gut anatomy to obtain nutrients from detritus, and these adaptations may explain elevated growth rates observed in these fish when they are planktivorous.

Separation and characterization of venom components in Loxosceles reclusa—II. Protease enzyme activity

Toxicon ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaw-Shong Jong ◽  
B.R. Norment ◽  
James R. Heitz
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Loxosceles Reclusa

scholarly journals Desensitization of Capsaicin-Sensitive Afferents Accelerates Early Tumor Growth via Increased Vascular Leakage in a Murine Model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémi Bencze ◽  
Csaba Schvarcz ◽  
Gábor Kriszta ◽  
Lea Danics ◽  
Éva Szőke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Vascular Leakage ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protease Enzyme

There is growing interest in the role of nerve-driven mechanisms in tumorigenesis and tumor growth. Capsaicin-sensitive afferents have been previously shown to possess antitumoral and immune-regulatory properties, the mechanism of which is currently poorly understood. In this study, we have assessed the role of these terminals in the triple negative 4T1 orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer. The ultrapotent capsaicin-analogue resiniferatoxin (RTX) was used for the selective, systemic desensitization of capsaicin-sensitive afferents. Growth and viability of orthotopically implanted 4T1 tumors were measured by caliper, in vivo MRI, and bioluminescence imaging, while tumor vascularity and protease enzyme activity were assessed using fluorescent in vivo imaging. The levels of the neuropeptides Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), Substance P (SP), and somatostatin were measured from tumor tissue homogenates using radioimmunoassay, while tumor structure and peritumoral inflammation were evaluated by conventional use of CD31, CD45 and CD3 immunohistology. RTX-pretreated mice demonstrated facilitated tumor growth in the early phase measured using a caliper, which was coupled with increased tumor vascular leakage demonstrated using fluorescent vascular imaging. The tumor size difference dissipated by day seven. The MRI tumor volume was similar, while the intratumoral protease enzyme activity measured by fluorescence imaging was also comparable in RTX-pretreated and non-pretreated animals. Tumor viability or immunohistopathological profile was measured using CD3, CD31, and CD45 stains and did not differ significantly from the non-pretreated control group. Intratumoral somatostatin, CGRP, and SP levels were similar in both groups. Our results underscore the beneficial, antitumoral properties of capsaicin sensitive nerve terminals in this aggressive model of breast cancer, which is presumed to be due to the inhibition of tumor vascular bed disruption. The absence of any difference in intratumoral neuropeptide levels indicates non-neural sources playing a substantial part in their expression.

scholarly journals Influence of enzymes and extraction conditions on high yield of cottonseed milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4(SI)) ◽  
pp. 1195-1200
Author(s):  
S. Thirukkumar ◽  
◽  
G. Hemalatha ◽  
S. Vellaikumar ◽  
M. Murugan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Aim: This research aimed to optimize suitable hydrolytic enzymes for maximizing cottonseed milk extracts for high cottonseed milk yield, protein content and low gossypol level. Methodology: Known amount of cottonseed was soaked for 90 min at 32°C and blended (cottonseed:water@1:6). Different aliquots of the blended cottonseed slurry were treated with 1% of enzymes viz., protease, cellulase and α-amylase enzyme at pH 7.0 followed by incubation at 40 and 52°C for 2.30 hr for the extraction of cottonseed milk. The enzyme activity of extracted milk was subsequently inactivated by pasteurization (90°C, 5 min). Further analysis of physico-chemical characteristics was also carried. The control sample included milk extraction from non-enzyme treated cottonseed milk extract (30±2°C). Results: Among different treatments, cottonseed milk extraction using protease enzyme at 40°C incubation showed the highest milk yield (86.71%) with the lowest sedimentation (3.72%). Further incubation 40°C and 52°C showed the highest protein content of 2.10 and 2.27 g 100 ml-1 and gossypol reduction of 40.36 and 35.22%, respectively, in the cottonseed milk extract. Meanwhile, cellulase and α-amylase enzymes treated samples at both incubation temperatures showed poor physico-chemical characteristics as compared to control. Interpretation: Protease enzyme seems to be the most suitable for optimum or higher extraction of cottonseed milk.

Effects of different feeding levels during day and/or night on growth and brush-border enzyme activity in juvenile Lates calcarifer reared in freshwater re-circulating tanks

Aquaculture ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 248 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheenan Harpaz ◽  
Yaniv Hakim ◽  
Assaf Barki ◽  
Ilan Karplus ◽  
Tatiyana Slosman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme

Effect of dietary prebiotic fructooligosaccharide on histology, digestive enzyme activity, biochemical and immunological parameters of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) juveniles

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Syed Raffic Ali ◽  
K. Ambasankar ◽  
P. Ezhil Praveena ◽  
S. Nandakumar ◽  
S. Balachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Asian Seabass ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
G Ratio

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary prebiotic, fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on histology, digestive enzyme activity, biochemical and immunological parameters of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) juveniles with an average initial body weight of 11.6±0.05 g. Experimental diets containing 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% FOS were prepared and the feeding experiment was conducted for a period of 45 days. Analysis of biochemical parameters in the serum of post-fed animals revealed that glucose, urea, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, albumin globulin ratio (A/G ratio), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatment diets. Similarly, serum immunological parameters such as alternative complement pathway and nitroblue tetrazolium assay showed significantly (p<0.05) higher activities in groups fed with diets containing 0.75 and 1% FOS. Histological observation of post-fed experimental animals revealed that the absorptive surface area of the intestine and glycogen deposition in liver increased in fish fed with FOS supplemented diets. The digestive enzyme activities were significantly (p<0.05) elevated with increasing levels of dietary FOS. The results indicated that 1% FOS supplementation has a beneficial effect on the histology, digestive enzyme activities, biochemical and immunological parameters in seabass juveniles.

scholarly journals Production of Garbage Enzyme from Different Fruit and Vegetable Wastes and Evaluation of its Enzymatic and Antimicrobial Efficacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Neupane ◽  
Rama Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Vegetable Wastes

Objectives: To evaluate the enzymatic and antimicrobial efficacy of enzyme from garbage produced from different fruits and vegetable wastes. Methods: This study was conducted from October-2018 to February-2019 in the laboratory of Padma Kanya Multiple College, Bagbazar, Kathmandu, Nepal. This study was carried for production, analysis of enzymatic and antimicrobial efficacy by using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) and bacteria (Bacillus species) in 5 fruits peels, Mosambi (Citrus limetta), Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Papaya (Carica papaya) and mixed fruits collected from fresh fruit stall and vegetable peels collected from college’s hostel. The fermentation mixture was made in the ratio 1:3:10 (1 part brown sugar, 3 parts fruits/vegetable peels and 10 parts water) and left for 3 months for fermentation. Results: After fermentation, enzyme activity (amylase, protease, caseinase, cellulase and lipase) and antimicrobial efficacy (S. aureus, S. aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus spp, Salmonella Typhi, E. coli, E. coli (ATCC 25922), Shigella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were analyzed. All the samples showed amylase and caseinase enzyme activity, only Pineapple (Ananascomosus), Papaya (Carica papaya) and Mixed fruit showed protease enzyme activity while only Pomegranate (Punicagranatum) showed lipase enzyme activity. In antimicrobial efficacy test, garbage enzyme produced from vegetable sample didn’t show antimicrobial activity with bacteria used except E. coli (ATCC 25922)and S. aureus (ATCC 25923). Similarly, garbage enzyme produced from Mixed fruit and Papaya (Carica papaya) didn’t show antimicrobial activity with Salmonella Typhi and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) respectively but garbage enzyme from other wastes showed antimicrobial activity with bacteria used in test. Conclusion: Different fruits and vegetables wastes showed different enzyme activity and antimicrobial activity.

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