Digestive enzyme and gut surfactant activity of detritivorous gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)

Measuring digestive enzyme and surfactant activities tested specialization of gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) digestive physiology to a detritivorous feeding strategy. Digestive enzyme activity was measured in adult and larval gizzard shad using fluorescently labeled artificial substrates. Surfactant activity in gizzard shad was measured by comparing gut juice drop diameters over a range of dilutions. Enzyme activity in the ceca region of adult gizzard shad was high for esterase, beta-glucosidase, lipase, and protease. Enzyme activity was lower in posterior intestine sections than in anterior intestine sections, although protease activity remained high for the greatest distance in the intestine. Micelles were detected in adult gizzard shad gut juice, and surfactant activity was greatest in the ceca region. Larval gizzard shad protease activity was similar to that of adult fish, and surfactants were below their critical micelle concentration. Gizzard shad coupled digestive physiology with gut anatomy to obtain nutrients from detritus, and these adaptations may explain elevated growth rates observed in these fish when they are planktivorous.

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Probiotic feeding effect of Bacillus subtilis on broilers chicks’ microflora, TLRs and interleukin gene expression

10.21203/rs.3.rs-467456/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zaigui Wang ◽

Ru Yang ◽

Salman Khan ◽

Chunjie wei ◽

Hu Qian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Protease Activity ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Treatment Groups

Abstract The broiler chicks provide the major portion of daily food items. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis (BS) on broiler chicken gut microflora diversity, digestive enzyme activity and expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). A total of 240 crossbred broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The groups were named as control group (basal diet, BD), group Ⅰ (BD with 300 g/d BS,1.08×107 CFU/kg), group Ⅱ (BD with 600 g/d BS, 2.16×107 CFU/kg), and group Ⅲ (BD with 900 g/d BS, 3.24×107 CFU/kg). Samples were collected at the 21st day. The difference of α diversity and β diversity between control group and treatment groups were not significant, but the abundance of some microorganisms in the treatment groups were improved, and the core microorganisms were different between groups. In comparison of control group, the protease activity in ileum of experimental groups was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Protease activity in ileum of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was improved by 22.59% (p < 0.01) and 14.49% (p < 0.05). The amylase activity in ileum of treatment groups were also significantly increased (p < 0.05). Amylase activity of group Ⅱ was increased by 41.85% (p < 0.01) in comparison to control, group Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Expression of TLR1A and TLR7 in the jejunum and caecum of treatment groups were significantly up-regulated while their expression in ileum was decreased. Similarly, the expression of TLR1B gene was significantly improved in the ileum, and down regulated in the cecum. Transcription levels of TLR2A and MyD88 in jejunum, liver, spleen and kidney were significantly increased, but their expression was significantly lower in the ileum and cecum. The TLR2B, TLR3, TLR4, TLR15, TLR21 expression were also significantly modulated in various organ of broiler chicken. The most important inflammatory factor such as IL-1β expressions in spleen and kidney were significantly increased in the current data. Bacillus subtilis could not regulate the caecal microflora diversity, but improved amount of some gut probiotics such as lactobacillus, the digestive enzyme activity, regulate some immunogenic expressions and enhance the immune capacity of animal. We hope that the impact of this data will explore the diseases control and feeding quality of broiler chicks at industrial level.

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Screening and Optimization of Protease Enzyme Produced by Strains of Alkalihalobacillus Sp. and Bacillus Sp.

Current Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/2211550109999201202123222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 09 ◽

Author(s):

Shirin Saberianpour ◽

Leila Abkhooie ◽

Babak Elyasifar ◽

Azita Dilmaghani

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Protease Activity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Subtilis Strain ◽

Protease Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Substrates ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Ph Conditions ◽

Incubation Temperatures

Background : Proteases are the most important industrial enzymes with diverse applications in. Bacteria, such as Bacillus, commonly used to produce protease for industrial purposes. Proteases are commercially exploited in large-scale, especially in pharmaceutical, food, leather and detergent industries. Objective: The aim of this study was screening and optimization of protease enzyme activity produced by local bacteria. Method: In this research, the effect of incubation time, temperature and initial pH were investigated to improve the extracellular protease enzyme activity by two bacteria, named Bacillus subtilis strain DAR and Alkalihalobacillus hwajinpoensis strain 3NB. These two isolates have already been isolated and registered from Iran. Results: The results indicated that the optimum incubation time for protease activity in B. subtilis strain DAR is 36 h in contrast to 40 h in Alkalihalobacillus hwajinpoensis strain 3NB. The optimum incubation temperatures for enzyme activity for B. subtilis and Alkalihalobacillus hwajinpoensis is 50°C and 40°C, respectively. Optimum pH conditions for protease activity for both of the bacteria is 8. Conclusion: In current study, we investigated the optimum incubation time, pH and temperature for best protease activity. Further studies are recommended to improve protease activity through changing enzyme substrates.

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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVEL OF PROTEIN ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, SURVIVAL RATE, DIGESTIVE ENZYME, AND BODY PROTEIN COMPOSITION OF JUVENILE BESENG-BESENG FISH (Marosatherina ladigesi)

e-Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan ◽

10.23960/jrtbp.v9i1.p1047-1056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1047

Author(s):

Jayadi Jayadi ◽

Amrah Husma ◽

Nursyahran Nursyahran

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Protein Content ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Body Protein ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Protease Enzyme ◽

Randomized Design

Marosatherina ladigesi’s original habitat is in the freshwater of South Sulawesi as endemic fish in the wallacea zone Indonesia, with a local name called beseng-beseng fish. M.ladigesi was already in the category of at threat of extinction.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different protein levels on survival rate, growth performance, body protein composition and enzyme activity of protease, lipase and amylase of beseng-beseng fish. The research method was using Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and three replications. Treatment of the study: protein content of feed A: 40%, B: 50% and C: 60%. Fish maintenance takes 90 days. The results showed that protein content had a significant effect (P<0,05) on absolute body growth, specific growt rate, survival rate, body protein composition and protease enzyme activity of juvenile beseng-beseng fish. The best growth performance is obtained at 50% and 60% protein content, while the survival and body protein composition and the best protease enzyme activity at 60% protein content.

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Probiotic feeding effect of Bacillus subtilis on broilers chicks’ microflora, TLRs and interleukin gene expression

10.21203/rs.3.rs-467456/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Salman Khan ◽

Ru Yang ◽

Chunjie wei ◽

Anam Khalid ◽

Zaigui Wang

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Protease Activity ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Treatment Groups

Abstract Background The broiler chicks provide the major portion of daily food items. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on broiler chicken gut microflora diversity, digestive enzyme activity and expression of Toll-like receptors. A total of 240 crossbred broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The groups were named as control group (basal diet), group Ⅰ (BD with 300 g/d BS,1.08×107 CFU/kg), group Ⅱ (BD with 600 g/d BS, 2.16×107 CFU/kg), and group Ⅲ (BD with 900 g/d BS, 3.24×107 CFU/kg). Samples were collected at the 21st day. The difference of α diversity and β diversity between control group and treatment groups were not significant, but the abundance of some microorganisms in the treatment groups were improved, and the core microorganisms were different between groups. Results In comparison of control group, the protease activity in ileum of experimental groups was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Protease activity in ileum of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was improved by 22.59% (p < 0.01) and 14.49% (p < 0.05). The amylase activity in ileum of treatment groups were also significantly increased (p < 0.05). Amylase activity of group Ⅱ was increased by 41.85% (p < 0.01) in comparison to control, group Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Expression of TLR1A and TLR7 in the jejunum and caecum of treatment groups were significantly up-regulated while their expression in ileum was decreased. Similarly, the expression of TLR1B gene was significantly improved in the ileum, and down regulated in the cecum. Transcription levels of TLR2A and MyD88 in jejunum, liver, spleen and kidney were significantly increased, but their expression was significantly lower in the ileum and cecum. The TLR2B, TLR3, TLR4, TLR15, TLR21, IL- β expression in spleen and kidney were also significantly modulated in various organ of broiler chicken. Conclusion Bacillus subtilis could not regulate the caecal microflora diversity, but improved amount of some gut probiotics such as lactobacillus, the digestive enzyme activity, regulate some immunogenic expressions and enhance the immune capacity of animal. We hope that the impact of this data will explore the diseases control and feeding quality of broiler chicks at industrial level.

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The Age Dependent Activities of Digestive Enzymes in Rasbora, Rasbora lateristriata Blkr., (Pisces: Cyprinidae)

Molekul ◽

10.20884/1.jm.2018.13.1.418 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Untung Susilo ◽

Purnama Sukardi ◽

Ridwan Affandi

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Digestive Enzymes ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Digestion ◽

Digestive Physiology ◽

Titration Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Age Dependent

This study was to evaluate the digestive enzyme activity included a total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase, cellulase and alkaline phosphatase in Rasbora. This research was carried out using three different ages (2, 4 and 6 months) and in each age consisted of six groups (replicates). In this study 150 fish (±2 months age), 120 fish (± 4 months age) and 90 fish (± 6 months age) were used. All digestion enzyme activity was measured by the spectrophotometric method, except the lipase activity was by the titration method. The results showed that the distinctness of age resulted in a significant difference on total protease, trypsin, lipase, cellulase and alkaline phosphatase (P <0.05), but no significant difference in amylase activity (P> 0.05). Total protease and trypsin activities were higher in fish of age two months than fish age four and six months, but the activity of lipase, cellulase and alkaline phosphatase were higher in fish age of four months compared to two months age fish. Fish, with distinct age has the different nutrient digestion capacity as expressed by differences in the activity of the enzyme digestion, except amylase. These results contribute to the future development of digestive physiology, especially in Rasbora.Key Words: alkaline phosphatase, carbohydrase, lipase, protease, Rasbora

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