scholarly journals Optimization of RHDV type 1 and 2 inactivation modes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
E. D. Kunikova ◽  
N. V. Moroz ◽  
M. A. Dolgova ◽  
L. V. Malakhova ◽  
I. A. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Postmortem Diagnosis ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Material Sample ◽  
And Control ◽  
Liver Tissue Homogenate

The purpose of these studies was to optimize RHDV type 1 and 2 (RHDV1 and RHDV2) inactivation modes to use the obtained antigens in inactivated vaccines and diagnosticums. The inactivating effect of aminoethylethylenimine and β-propiolactone was studied in different concentrations in correlation with the exposure time and temperature. The correlation between the inactivating effect of the compound used and the accepted test conditions (concentration, temperature, and exposure time) was studied on a group of rabbits, each of which was injected intramuscularly with 1 cm3 of the inactivated material sample. At the end of the maximum exposure interval, a control sample of the viral material, kept under the same conditions without any inactivant added was similarly tested. Lethality was considered to evaluate the damaging action in the test and control groups: L = m/n, where m is the number of dead animals; n is the total number of rabbits in the group for testing of the inactivated material sample. The postmortem diagnosis was confirmed by testing the rabbit liver tissue homogenate for relative antigens using ELISA. It was found that aminoethylethylenimine and β-propiolactone did not have the same effect on the studied variants of the virus. In order to preserve at maximum the antigenic structures of the virus, the following inactivation modes were considered to be optimal: for RHDV1-aminoethylethylenimine at a concentration of 0.3% at 37 °C, exposure time – 72 hours, or β-propiolactone at a concentration of 0.1–0.3% at 25–37 °С, exposure time – 24–48 hours; for RHDV2 – aminoethylethylenimine at a concentration of 1% at 37 °C, exposure time – 72 hours, or β-propiolactone at a concentration 0.3% at 25 °С, exposure time – 24 hours.

scholarly journals Relationship between TP53 and interleukin-6 gene variants and the risk of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus development in the Kermanshah province

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Lida Haghnazari ◽  
◽  
Ramin Sabzi ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Codon 72 ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Type 1 Dm

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that results from insufficient secretion or insulin resistance, or both. Insulin secretion deficiency leads to chronic hyperglycemia along with impaired metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. This study aimed to investigate the TP53 gene SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) rs1042522 genotype and the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene SNP rs1800795 genotype in DM and control groups. This study was performed on 70 patients with type 1 DM, 100 patients with type 2 DM without related complications, 66 control subjects for type 1 DM, and 95 control subjects for type 2 DM. The control groups were matched regarding age and gender and did not have a familial relationship with the patient groups. All the subjects were residents of Kermanshah, located in the western part of Iran. Polymorphisms of TP53 and IL-6 genes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c were measured using the ELISA and immunoturbidometric methods. The frequency of genotypes (CC, CG, GG) of the TP53 gene codon 72 in type 1 DM and its control group were significantly different (P= 0.013). Likewise, the frequency of genotypes (CC, CG, GG) of the TP53 gene codon 72 was significantly different between type 2 DM and control groups (P <0.001). The frequency of genotypes (GG, GC, CC) of G174C polymorphisms in the IL-6 gene was different between type 1 DM and control group as well as between type 2 DM and its control group, but it was not statistically significant. SNP rs1042522 genotypes in the dominant form (CG + GG vs. CC) (OR= 3.880; P < 0.001) and alleles G vs. C alleles (OR= 0.384; P < 0.001) increased the risk of type 2 DM significantly. There was no significant difference between type 1 and type 2 DM groups and respected control groups regarding the frequency of the IL-6 gene SNP rs1800795 alleles. The G allele of SNP rs1042522 encoding the TP53 gene increases the risk of developing DM in the population of the Kermanshah province, Iran.

scholarly journals Time to regain birth weight - a marker to predict the severity of retinopathy of prematurity?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Anvekar ◽  
Sam Athikarisamy ◽  
Shripada Rao ◽  
Andy Gill ◽  
Elizabeth Nathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
And Control ◽  
Type 1 Rop ◽  
Age At Birth

Abstract Background Poor weight gain in the first few weeks of life has been studied as a predictor of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Our aim was to assess whether time taken to regain birthweight (BW) be used as an additional marker to identify infants with type 1 ROP. Methods In this retrospective study, preterm infants (< 27 weeks gestational age at birth) born during the period from 1/1/2010–31/12/2015 at a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Australia were included. Twenty-seven preterm infants with Type 1 ROP were identified. Controls (No ROP or ROP other than type 1) were matched with cases on gestational age at birth and BW (1:4 ratio). Data were collected from the database and medical records. Results The median (IQR) gestational age for Type 1 ROP and control groups were 24 (24–26) and 25 (24–26) weeks respectively and median (IQR) BW for Type 1 ROP and control groups were 675 (635–810) and 773 (666–884) grams respectively. Preterm infants with Type 1 ROP were more likely to be small for gestational age (SGA) (18.5% vs 3.7%, p = 0.015) and had increased weeks on oxygen therapy (median 11.9 vs 9.1, p = 0.028). Time to regain BW was longer in preterm infants with type 1 ROP than controls but did not reach statistical significance (median 9 vs 7 days, OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.17, p = 0.059) adjusted for SGA and duration of oxygen therapy. The area under the curve from the time to regain BW model with adjustment for SGA and duration of oxygen therapy was 0.73 (95% CI 0.62–0.83). Conclusion We hypothesize that time to regain BW has potential to aid prediction of Type 1 ROP and this warrants further investigation in a larger prospective study.

scholarly journals Safety and Immunogenicity of Sabin Strain Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Compared With Salk Strain Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine, in Different Sequential Schedules With Bivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine: Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Clinical Trials in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuemei Hu ◽  
Kangwei Xu ◽  
Weixiao Han ◽  
Kai Chu ◽  
Deyu Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background A new Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV) proved to be immunogenic and safe in all IPV primary immunization in the previous study, with the corresponding profiles in sequential immunizations unclear. Methods Two clinical trials on the “IPV + 2 bivalent oral polio vaccine (2bOPV)” (Trial A) and “2IPV + bOPV” (Trial B) vaccination were conducted. Both clinical trials were randomized, controlled, double-blinded, noninferiority trials, and wild-strain IPV (wIPV) was adopted as the control vaccine. In each clinical trial, 240 healthy infants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive sequential vaccinations containing sIPV or wIPV. Immunogenicity and safety were assessed using per-protocol and safety populations, respectively. Results For Trial A, the seroconversion rates in the experimental and control groups were 100% and 99.1%, respectively, against type 1; both 100.0% against type 3. For Trial B, the seroconversion rates in experimental and control groups were 99.2% and 100.0%, respectively, against type 1; both 100% against type 3. No serious adverse events related to vaccines were reported. Conclusions The new sIPV demonstrated an immunogenicity noninferior to that of the wIPV and a good safety profile in sequential vaccination with bOPV. Clinical trial numbers NCT:03822754; NCT:03822767.

scholarly journals Analysis of porosity comparison formed on film layer of self-processed copal and alcohol based varnish against manufacture based varnish

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Dewi ◽  
Zulia Hasratiningsih ◽  
Elin Karlina ◽  
Nadia Greviana
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Thin Film Layer ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
Film Layer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Test Result

Introduction: Varnish is one of the dental materials that can be used to protect the pulp. Raw materials for making varnish were easy to be obtained using simple technique and composition. Self-processed varnish which has 40 gr of copal, 50 ml of 95% alcohol and 10 ml of chloroform was produced. When applied, varnish formed a thin film layer which tend to porous. The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison between porosity which formed in film layer of self-processed and  factory varnish. Method: This study was true experimental with  12 third upper molars that had been cut horizontally as specimens and were divided into 2 groups as treated and control groups. First group had 1, 2, 3 and 4 times application of processed varnish as treated sample and second group samples were applied with factory varnish as control sample. Porosity was tested using SEM then its percentage was calculated by comparing the  porosity and the tooth area. The data was then tested  with t- independent test. Result: The result showed that self-processed varnish obtained larger percentage of porosity. Started at the third application time, both processed and factory varnish showed no porosity. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was that there is difference between  porosity which formed in film layer of self-processed and  factory varnish.

Human Relations Training and Task-Orientation of Individuals

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1123-1129
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hardy ◽  
Charles H. Flatter
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
And Control ◽  
Human Relations Training ◽  
Experimental Group

The problem was to investigate the effect of human relations training on individuals' relation-orientation as measured by the Least Preferred Co-worker scale. Experimental and control groups were matched on sex and teaching experience. Both groups were administered the Least Preferred Co-worker scale at the beginning and end of the experiment. The experimental group was given an 8 mo. human relations training program while the control group did not receive any training. Relation-oriented (high score) individuals became more task-oriented (low score) after human relations training than the control sample without such training. The reverse occurred for individuals who were initially task-oriented.

scholarly journals The association between angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphism and the risk of essential hypertension: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonny Karunia Fajar ◽  
Melly Susanti ◽  
Budi Susetio Pikir ◽  
Putu Nina Berlinda Saka ◽  
Erdo Puncak Sidarta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Since first reported having the association with essential hypertension, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) A1166C was globally investigated worldwide. However, controversy was found. Furthermore, previous meta-analyses did not adequate to clarify the precise correlation due to some limitations. Therefore, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis concerning the association between AT1R A1166C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the risk of essential hypertension with eliminating the limitations of previous studies. Methods A meta-analysis was conducted from February to March 2019. Some information related to sample size of hypertension and control groups and genotype frequencies of hypertension and control groups were extracted from each study. Data were analyzed using fixed or random effect model to determine the overall correlation. Results A total of 45 papers consisting of 11911 cases and 1340 controls were enrolled for the study. Our overall analysis showed that C allele and AC genotype of AT1R A1166C was associated with 1.18-fold and 1.15-fold respectively increased risk of essential hypertension, while the decreased risk of essential hypertension was observed in A allele and AA genotype. In sub-group analysis, increased risk of essential hypertension was found in C allele, AC genotype, and CC genotype of both Asian population and PCR-RFLP sub-groups, while decreased risk was observed in A allele and AA genotype. Conclusions Our meta-analysis reveals that AT1R A1166C remains a valuable SNP having an association with the risk of essential hypertension.

The effect of concurrent resistance-aerobic training on serum cortisol level, anxiety, and quality of life in pediatric type 1 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-604
Author(s):  
Marzieh Nazari ◽  
Ramin Shabani ◽  
Setila Dalili
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundGiven the importance of anxiety and quality of life for the mental health of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), exercise prescription can be of crucial significance. The present study aims to explore the effect of concurrent resistance-aerobic training on serum cortisol level, anxiety, and quality of life among pediatric T1D.MethodsForty children (aged 8–14 years) were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 20) and control groups (n = 20) for 16 weeks. The exercise training program was composed of 16 weeks of interval concurrent resistance-aerobic training with a duration of 60 min performed three times a week. The subjects first performed the resistance training (20 min of Pilates exercises and 20 min of body weight-bearing exercises). Then, the aerobic exercises were performed with an intensity of 50–75% of maximum heart rate. Before and after the training, blood tests including cortisol were carried out on the subjects by RIA kit. Anxiety and quality of life were measured by the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL), respectively. Body composition was measured by InBody. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t-test at p < 0.05 significance level.ResultsSixteen weeks of concurrent resistance-aerobic exercise significantly reduced the anxiety index (p = 0.001) and increased the quality of life (p = 0.003). Although the cortisol index was increased, it did not reveal any significant differences between the experimental and control groups (p = 0.781). No significant differences were observed in the indices of quality of life, anxiety, and cortisol in the control group.ConclusionsA 16-week program of concurrent resistance-aerobic training can improve the quality of life and anxiety among children suffering from T1D, but it may not influence the cortisol level (p > 0.05).

scholarly journals Renal mitochondrial impairment is attenuated by AT1 blockade in experimental Type I diabetes

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. H456-H465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M. V. de Cavanagh ◽  
León Ferder ◽  
Jorge E. Toblli ◽  
Bárbara Piotrkowski ◽  
Inés Stella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 2 ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Kidney Mitochondria ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Electron Transfer Capacity

To investigate whether ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockade could protect kidney mitochondria in streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetes, we treated 8-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with a single streptozotocin injection (65 mg/kg ip; STZ group), streptozotocin and drinking water containing either losartan (30 mg·kg−1·day−1; STZ+Los group) or amlodipine (3 mg·kg−1·day−1; STZ+Amlo group), or saline (intraperitoneally) and pure water (control group). Four-month-long losartan or amlodipine treatments started 30 days before streptozotocin injection to improve the antioxidant defenses. The number of renal lesions, plasma glucose and lipid levels, and proteinuria were higher and creatinine clearance was lower in STZ and STZ+Amlo compared with STZ+Los and control groups. Glycemia was higher in STZ+Los compared with control. Blood pressure, basal mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial pyruvate content, and renal oxidized glutathione levels were higher and NADH/cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity was lower in STZ compared with the other groups. In STZ and STZ+Amlo groups, mitochondrial H2O2 production rate was higher and uncoupling protein-2 content, cytochrome c oxidase activity, and renal glutathione level were lower than in STZ+Los and control groups. Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase activity was higher in STZ+Amlo compared with the other groups. Mitochondrial pyruvate content and H2O2 production rate negatively contributed to electron transfer capacity and positively contributed to renal lesions. Uncoupling protein-2 content negatively contributed to mitochondrial H2O2 production rate and renal lesions. Renal glutathione reduction potential positively contributed to mitochondria electron transfer capacity. In conclusion, AT1 blockade protects kidney mitochondria and kidney structure in streptozotocin-induced diabetes independently of blood pressure and glycemia.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of the INSL3 gene in patients with maldescent of the testis

2001 ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
HN Lim ◽  
E Raipert-de Meyts ◽  
NE Skakkebaek ◽  
IA Hughes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mutation Screening ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Amino Acid Polymorphism ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
And Control

OBJECTIVE: Testicular maldescent is important because it is a common congenital disorder that is associated with an increased risk of infertility and testicular cancer. Murine studies indicate that testicular maldescent can result from disruption of insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) activity and that it may be more severe when there is concurrent undermasculinisation. Therefore, the INSL3 gene was screened for mutations and polymorphisms that may contribute to testicular maldescent in patients with undermasculinisation as well as those with isolated testicular maldescent. METHODS AND RESULTS: The patient groups consisted of individuals with isolated testicular maldescent (n=28) and patients with undermasculinised genitalia and intra-abdominal (n=24) or inguinal gonads (n=33). The three control groups were: normal males (n=15), males with undermasculinised genitalia and scrotal gonads (n=29) and females (n=82). SSCP/HA mutation screening detected eight variants, five of which were predicted to alter the protein sequence (A-1G, V19L, P25S, A36T, R78H). Three of the amino acid changes (A-1G, V19L, R78H) each occurred in a single control sample and one was identified in a male with undermasculinised genitalia and intra-abdominal testes (P25S). The A36T amino acid polymorphism was found in both patient and control groups at a similar frequency. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence suggests that INSL3 mutations and polymorphisms are not a major cause of testicular maldescent with or without associated undermasculinisation.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

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