scholarly journals The Storage of Hydrogen in Nanoporous Carbons

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Alonso ◽  
Iván Cabria ◽  
María J. López
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Nanoporous Carbons ◽  
Hydrogen Molecules ◽  
Efficient Storage ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Nanometric Size

An efficient storage of hydrogen is a crucial requirement for its use as a fuel in the cars of the future. Experimental and theoretical work has revealed that porous carbons are promising materials for storing molecular hydrogen, adsorbed on the surfaces of the pores. The microstructure of porous carbons is not well known, and we have investigated a class of porous carbons, the carbide-derived carbons, by computer simulation, showing that these materials exhibit a structure of connected pores of nanometric size, with graphitic-like walls. We then apply a thermodynamical model of hydrogen storage in planar and curved pores. The model accounts for the quantum effects of the motion of the molecules in the confining potential of the pores. The optimal pore sizes yielding the highest storage capacities depend mainly on the shape of the pore, and slightly on temperature and pressure. At 300 K and 10 MPa, the optimal widths of the pores lie in the range 6-10 Å. The theoretical predictions are consistent with experiments for activated carbons. The calculated storage capacities of those materials at room temperature fall below the targets. This is a consequence of an insufficiently strong attractive interaction between the hydrogen molecules and the walls of carbon pores. Recent work indicates the beneficial effect of metallic doping of the porous carbons in enhancing the binding energy of H<sub>2</sub> to the pore walls, and then the hydrogen storage.

scholarly journals Adsorption-Based Hydrogen Storage in Activated Carbons and Model Carbon Structures

Reactions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-226
Author(s):  
Anatoly Fomkin ◽  
Anatoly Pribylov ◽  
Ilya Men’shchikov ◽  
Andrey Shkolin ◽  
Oleg Aksyutin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Hydrogen Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Polymer Mixture ◽  
Adsorbed Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Density ◽  
Carbon Structures ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

The experimental data on hydrogen adsorption on five nanoporous activated carbons (ACs) of various origins measured over the temperature range of 303–363 K and pressures up to 20 MPa were compared with the predictions of hydrogen density in the slit-like pores of model carbon structures calculated by the Dubinin theory of volume filling of micropores. The highest amount of adsorbed hydrogen was found for the AC sample (ACS) prepared from a polymer mixture by KOH thermochemical activation, characterized by a biporous structure: 11.0 mmol/g at 16 MPa and 303 K. The greatest volumetric capacity over the entire range of temperature and pressure was demonstrated by the densest carbon adsorbent prepared from silicon carbide. The calculations of hydrogen density in the slit-like model pores revealed that the optimal hydrogen storage depended on the pore size, temperature, and pressure. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of the model structures exceeded the US Department of Energy (DOE) target value of 6.5 wt.% starting from 200 K and 20 MPa, whereas the most efficient carbon adsorbent ACS could achieve 7.5 wt.% only at extremely low temperatures. The initial differential molar isosteric heats of hydrogen adsorption in the studied activated carbons were in the range of 2.8–14 kJ/mol and varied during adsorption in a manner specific for each adsorbent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Porous Carbon Adsorbents Made from Rice Husks for Virus Removal in Water

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1280
Author(s):  
Vu Duc Canh ◽  
Seiichiro Tabata ◽  
Shun Yamanoi ◽  
Yoichi Onaka ◽  
Toshiyuki Yokoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
Silica Removal ◽  
Effective Removal

Porous carbons are well-known efficient adsorbents for a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants; however, they have difficulty in virus removal. In this study, novel porous carbons (NPCs) (NPC-A, NPC-B, and NPC-C) derived from rice husks were compared with commercially available activated carbons (ACs) for their ability to remove MS2 bacteriophages (MS2) in a batch experiment. NPC-A was produced by the silica removal process. NPC-B was prepared with an additional steam activation applied to NPC-A. NPC-C was obtained with an additional acid rinse applied to NPC-B. The NPCs (particularly NPC-C) exhibited effective removal of up to 5.3 log10 of MS2, which was greater than that of less than 2.7 log10 obtained by other ACs under 10 g/L during the same contact time (60 min). The pore size distribution of the porous carbon adsorbents was found to influence their virus removal performance. The adsorbents with a larger proportion of pores ranging from 200–4500 nm in diameter were able to achieve higher virus removal rates. Thus, NPCs (particularly NPC-C), which had a larger volume of pores ranging from 200–4500 nm in size, demonstrated the potential for use as efficient adsorbents for removing viruses during water purification.

Advanced activated carbon monoliths and activated carbons for hydrogen storage

2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jordá-Beneyto ◽  
Dolores Lozano-Castelló ◽  
Fabián Suárez-García ◽  
Diego Cazorla-Amorós ◽  
Ángel Linares-Solano
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Activated Carbon Monoliths

Chemically activated fungi-based porous carbons for hydrogen storage

Carbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiacheng Wang ◽  
Irena Senkovska ◽  
Stefan Kaskel ◽  
Qian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Porous Carbons

scholarly journals Biomass Valorization to Produce Porous Carbons: Applications in CO2 Capture and Biogas Upgrading to Biomethane—A Mini-Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bernardo ◽  
Nuno Lapa ◽  
Isabel Fonseca ◽  
Isabel A. A. C. Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
Metal Organic

Porous carbon materials, derived from biomass wastes and/or as by-products, are considered versatile, economical and environmentally sustainable. Recently, their high adsorption capacity has led to an increased interest in several environmental applications related to separation/purification both in liquid- and gas-phases. Specifically, their use in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture/sequestration has been a hot topic in the framework of gas adsorption applications. Cost effective biomass porous carbons with enhanced textural properties and high CO2 uptakes present themselves as attractive alternative adsorbents with potential to be used in CO2 capture/separation, apart from zeolites, commercial activated carbons and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The renewable and sustainable character of the precursor of these bioadsorbents must be highlighted in the context of a circular-economy and emergent renewable energy market to reach the EU climate and energy goals. This mini-review summarizes the current understandings and discussions about the development of porous carbons derived from bio-wastes, focusing their application to capture CO2 and upgrade biogas to biomethane by adsorption-based processes. Biogas is composed by 55–65 v/v% of methane (CH4) mainly in 35–45 v/v% of CO2. The biogas upgraded to bio-CH4 (97%v/v) through an adsorption process yields after proper conditioning to high quality biomethane and replaces natural gas of fossil source. The circular-economy impact of bio-CH4 production is further enhanced by the use of biomass-derived porous carbons employed in the production process.

Nano-Columnar Mg Thin Films Created by Plasma Sputter Deposition for Improved Hydrogen Kinetics and Storage Properties

2004 ◽  
Vol 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Zandbergen ◽  
S. W. H. Eijt ◽  
W. J. Legerstee ◽  
H. Schut ◽  
V. L. Svetchnikov
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Hydrogen Permeation ◽  
Hydrogen Desorption ◽  
Sputter Deposition ◽  
Hydrogen Molecules ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Storage Properties

ABSTRACTThe hydrogen storage properties of nanostructured Mg and MgH2 thin films were studied as created by Ar and Ar+H2 plasma sputter deposition. Columnar structures with typical widths of ∼120 nm are observed with their long columnar axis extending throughout the thickness of the films. Applying substrate bias voltages during deposition results in narrower columns. A concomitant reduction in hydrogen desorption temperature from 400 °C to 360 °C is observed. Capping the Mg films with a ∼100 nm thin Pd layer leads to significantly reduced hydrogen desorption temperatures of ∼200 °C induced by the catalytic activity of the Pd cap layer. Also, hydrogen permeation of the films is strongly improved. The rate-determining factor is found to be the dissociation of the hydrogen molecules. Optimum hydrogen loading conditions of the Pd/Mg films were obtained just above ∼200 °C at hydrogen pressures of 0.25–1.0 MPa, resulting in hydrogen storage capacities in the range of 4–7 wt%.

First-Principles Study on the Hydrogen Storage of Sandwich-Type Dimetallocenes

2013 ◽  
Vol 677 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Bo An ◽  
Hai Yan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
First Principles Calculation ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Materials ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Capacity ◽  
Hydrogen Molecules ◽  
Sandwich Type

The paper mainly focuses on the ability of absorbing hydrogen molecule of the dimetallocene (C5H5)2TM2(TM=Ti/Zn/Cu/Ni) based on the first-principles calculation. The result indicates that these compounds can adsorb up to eight hydrogen molecules, the binding energy is 0.596eV/H2 for Cp2Ti2, 0.802eV/H2 for Cp2Zn2, 0.422eV/H2 for Cp2Cu2 and 0.182eV/H2 for Cp2Ni2 respectively. The corresponding gravimetric hydrogen-storage capacity is 7.1wt% for Cp2Ti2, 6.2wt% for Cp2Zn2, 6.3wt% for Cp2Cu2 and 6.5wt% for Cp2Ni2 respectively. These sandwich-type organometallocenes proposed in this work are favorable for reversible adsorption and desorption of hydrogen under ambient conditions. These predictions will likely provide a new route for developing novel high-capacity hydrogen-storage materials.

scholarly journals Benchmark Study of Hydrogen Storage in Metal–Organic Frameworks under Temperature and Pressure Swing Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 748-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula García-Holley ◽  
Benjamin Schweitzer ◽  
Timur Islamoglu ◽  
Yangyang Liu ◽  
Lu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Benchmark Study ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Pressure Swing

scholarly journals Insights into the influence of the pore size and surface area of activated carbons on the energy storage of electric double layer capacitors with a new potentially universally applicable capacitor model

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 3122-3133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Heimböckel ◽  
Frank Hoffmann ◽  
Michael Fröba
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electric Double Layer ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Double Layer Capacitors ◽  
Electric Double Layer Capacitors

A new capacitor model that confirms the non-constant capacitive contribution of different pore sizes and provides the possibility of simulating the capacitance values of porous carbons.

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