scholarly journals THE COMPANY ACCOUNTING EVALUATION – PRELIMINARY PHASE OF THE PROPER ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2008 ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Doina Pacurari ◽  
Mircea Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Accrual Accounting ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Result Management ◽  
Preliminary Phase ◽  
Proper Analysis

The problem that the accounting information do not always reflect the economic reality may affect the analysis and forecast based on financial statements. This is due both to the accrual accounting limitations and to the fact that this type of accounting allows the result management. In spite of some disadvantages, the accrual accounting is considered superior to cash accounting in measuring the performances and determining financial position as well as in the predicting of future cash flow. In order to limit the negative effects on the results of analysis and forecast based on financial statements, the analists should evaluate the enterprise accounting and if necessary adjust the financial statements so they reflect the economic reality.

PERAN KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL AKUNTANSI DALAM PELAPORAN KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN

2015 ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Sabeth Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Sequential Process ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Preparation of accounting theory is a sequential process that started from the determination reporting purposes and ends with preparation of accounting techniques. The conceptual framework is a coherent system-related purposes, the concept underlying the accounting, which is expected to lower the standards which are consistent in describing the nature, function, and limitations of accounting. This conceptual framework must be accepted by all parties concerned. Functions of this conceptual framework to enhance the comparability of financial statements and to evaluate the accounting practices. One benefit is the conceptual framework provides guidance that can provide guidance for standard setters. The contents of the general conceptual framework starts from the financial reporting purposes, the qualitative characteristics of accounting information, elements of financial statements, the measurement and recognition of financial reports, and presentation. Presentation of the conceptual framework includes reporting financial position, cash flow and liquidity reporting, and reporting earnings.

Fund accounting and government-wide financial reporting during the Pre-IPSAS implementation era from a Nigerian experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-358
Author(s):  
Christopher Enyioma Alozie
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Accrual Accounting ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Fund Accounting ◽  
Fund Balances

PurposeThis paper assessed accuracy level in accounting for government funds in Nigeria's federal treasury and their faithful presentation in government financial reporting. It aimed to determine whether the reported annual balances in Nigeria's financial reporting were reliable or otherwise. Data used in analysis were obtained from secondary sources from federal treasury.Design/methodology/approachEx-post “facto” analysis method was adopted in the study involving the use of statistical techniques of absolute or aggregate mean percentage error derived from differences between recomputed and published fund balances and was employed. This was augmented with interactive review meetings of the initial case research report with the management of Nigeria's audit agency.FindingsResults distilled from the consolidated revenue fund (CRF), development fund and public debt show that recomputed values were greater than the fund balances in the gazetted financial statements. Results for contingency fund (CTF), federation account fund (FAF), special trust fund (STF) and sundry deposit fund yield equal figures and accurate. The paper concludes that there were serial understatements of the core public fund balances in the financial statements over the years. This trend of reporting incorrect in three core public funds in financial statements rendered Nigeria's financial position unreliable in the affected years for decisions. It also facilitated frauds, mismanagement of funds and corrupt practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe scope of the research is restricted to assessment of degree of accuracy in fund accounting, faithful representation of the respective fund balance in the liabilities side of FGN balance sheet and the reliability of the financial position. But, it did not consider or cover the implementation of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) in federal treasury since FGN had not issued any full IPSAS–oriented financial statements as on 2015.Practical implicationsIdentification of deficiencies in fund account balances, structural defects in fund accounting and acts of understatement of carrying balances in CRF and capital development fund (CDF) implies that the aggregate core fund liabilities reported in financial statement of government entities without corresponding assets do not actually reflect a true and fair financial position in some countries. It reveals remarkable degree of financial information asymmetry in government financial reporting. Illusionary fund accounting has direct linkage to poor fiscal governance in many sovereign with associated sub-optimal delivery of public goods and service level distress syndrome in many economies; lead to poverty, unemployment, crisis and macroeconomic disturbances.Social implicationsThe study contributes to the development of fund accounting system; strengthening government financial reporting architecture and practices. It provides framework for tracking financial information asymmetry in government financial reporting and mismanagement of public funds. It provides platform to effect necessary adjustment (correction) during the “first time 3-year adoption” adjustment window in Nigeria. Flowing from the findings, it advocates for institutionalization of government fund accounting standards and provides evidence for migration to accrual accounting system in countries that have not already implemented it. Evaluation system developed herein will improve fund management in federal treasury and contribute to efficient public financial management, good governance and enhance development of public accounting practice.Originality/valueThis exploratory empirical research is the one to ever evaluate accuracy level of fund accounting in sovereign entities and faithful representation in government's financial position prior to implementation of accrual accounting and financial reporting. The study established substantial level of illusionary accounting for public funds and information asymmetry in published government's financial reporting. It is necessary to rectify these discrepancies in fund accounting and financial reporting prior to and or during the first three years of the IPSAS transition implementation programme. These research deliverables provide adopters with relevant data for adjustment accounting during the transition period in strengthening public financial reporting in order to realize the benefit of full IPSAS accrual accounting.

scholarly journals Accounting as a Source of Financial Information on Insolvency in Liquidation Proceedings

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-29
Author(s):  
Kinga Bauer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Information Transparency ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Insolvency Proceedings

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to indicate which information originating in accounting is important for ensuring the information transparency of bankruptcy proceedings. Methodology: Based on the literature review and the analysis of international legal acts, we determined priority types of information from accounting used in bankruptcy court proceedings. These types included information on the costs of insolvency proceedings, the assumption in the financial statements that there was no going concern, and the book value of assets. A survey was then conducted on a group of specialists in the field of bankruptcy. Findings: Respondents indicated information on the costs of bankruptcy proceedings as the most important. However, other accounting information under study also received a high assessment from insolvency specialists. The obtained assessments of individual quality features are characterized by high reliability confirmed by low standard errors. Research implications: Accounting evolves as a response to the information needs of accounting information users. Therefore, knowing these needs may contribute to changes in the requirements regarding the scope of information from accounting that is used in bankruptcy proceedings. Originality/value: In-depth knowledge of various aspects of the economic side of the bankruptcy phenomenon is part of the current trend in minimizing the negative effects of bankruptcy.

scholarly journals Understanding the concept of profit as an economic information instrument: disclosure of semantic meanings

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Zarah Puspitaningtyas ◽  
Akhmad Toha ◽  
Aryo Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Information ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Economic Capacity

Accounting information presented in financial statements is likened to a set of symbols. These symbols are expected to represent certain realities, which are called semantic meanings. One of the symbols presented in the financial statements is profit. As a communication medium, the presentation of profits must be interpreted exactly the same as the intended meaning, so that accounting information becomes unbiased. The purpose of this study is to reveal the understanding of the concept of profit based on semantic meaning from the point of view of the accounting accountant. This study uses an interpretive qualitative approach. Data were obtained from structured interviews with informants, namely educator accountants in Indonesia with “mainstream and anti-mainstream” schools of thought. The results of the study reveal that the tendency has been a shift in thinking from educator accountants that originated from idealism to being pragmatic. The meaning of profit at the semantic level is not only materially interpreted. Although profit is used as an indicator of the success of the company, profit is interpreted as a representation of changes in the company’s economic reality. That, the meaning of profit reflects the company’s efforts to improve its economic capacity and its usefulness to the wider community. In other words, that profit is an economic information instrument that is expected to provide value-added to its users.

scholarly journals Pertanggung Jawaban Peraturan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Nomor 45 Terhadap Laporan Keuangan Program Kerja Badan Musyawarah Keluarga Minang Kabau Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Rika Fitri Ramayani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Consultative Body

The situation and characteristics of the Minangkabau Family Consultative Body of the South Sumatra Province have work programs or activities. This appears related to the management of financial statements. This research in the research design used is descriptive qualitative approach. The purpose of using qualitative research methods is to disclose comparatively and in accounting for financial statements in accordance with the guideline PSAK No. 45. The results showed the weekly general cash report or transactions recorded manually in large books, and became the basis for making the budget realization report for the current year. Application of PSAK No. 45, will produce financial reports consisting of: Statements of Financial Position, Activity Reports, Cash Flow Statements and Notes to Financial Statements. The report has been presented in accordance with PSAK No. 45 of 2011. Conclusion, this standard looks more complicated but by applying this standard will produce more adequate financial statements. Keywords: PSAK Guideline Number 45, Financial Statements, Minang Kabau Family Consultative Body

scholarly journals KREATIVNO FINANSIJSKO IZVEŠTAVANJE O NOVČANIM TOKOVIMA

2017 ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Arsenijević ◽  
Tadija Đukić
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
A Company ◽  
Operating Activities

Financial statements should realistically show financial position, performance, and cash flows of a company. Creative financial reporting represents a deliberate manipulation of information in financial statements in order to create misperceptions on company operations. Creative financial statements are primarily intended for investors, in order to encourage them to purchase company shares and thus increase its market value. Creativity in compiling cash flow statements lies in presentation of operating activities as investing and financing activities, and vice versa.

scholarly journals PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN ORGANISASI NIRLABA BERDASARKAN PERNYATAAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN (PSAK) NOMOR 45 (Studi Pada Masjid Al-Iman Bukit Tinggi)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Reza Muhammad Rizqi ◽  
Nurfadliyah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Interpretive Approach ◽  
Analyze Data

This study aims to compile the financial statements of the Samsul Hidayah Mosque Moyo Village in accordance with the standards made by the Indonesian Accountants Association (IAI) namely Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) No. 45. In this study, the authors analyzed the financial statements of the Samsul Hidayah Mosque with how to collect data, present data, analyze data, so as to produce conclusions about the actual picture, then compare with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) No.45. this type of research is qualitative with interpretive approach. The author uses data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation to obtain relevant data. The results of this study indicate that the financial report of Al-Iman Bukit Tinggi Mosque is only a simple record of cash receipts and cash disbursements and the final balance of the mosque. However, the mosque management did not make an inventory of the assets owned by the mosque. The financial statements of Al-Iman Bukit Tinggi Mosque are not in accordance with the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) No.45 which consists of Financial Position Reports, Activity Reports, Cash Flow Statements, and Notes to Financial Statements

scholarly journals REKONSTRUKSI LAPORAN KEUANGAN MASJID JAMI’ DARUSSALAM GLENMORE BERDASARKAN PSAK NO.109

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Fian Handayani ◽  
Yulinartati Yulinartati ◽  
Diyah Probowulan
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

The Institute of Indonesia Chartered (IAI) has issued financial accounting standards in regard to financial statements of zakat, infaq / sadaqah. The standard is included in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Number 109 (Revised 2011) concerning on financial statement of zakat, infaq / sadaqah. This research is conducted at the Jami 'Darussaalam Mosque Glenmore in order  to reconstruct the financial statements of zakat, infaq / sadaqah, thus it can be used to consider the financial statements of the Jami Darussalam Mosque in accordance with PSAK No.109 for Takmir or mosque management. This research uses a descriptive method which is conducted by observation, documentation and direct interviews with the secretary and deputy treasurer of the Takmir's Jami' Darussalam Mosque. This research is intended to describe certain conditions and symptoms in detail that occur at the Jami 'Darussaalam Glenmore Mosque, and to provide an overview of the financial statements of zakat, infaq / sadaqah of the mosque which then reconstruct the financial statements of zakat, infaq / sadaqah of the Jami' Darussalam Glenmore Mosque in accordance with applicable standards, which is PSAK No.109. Transparency and accountability on financial statement of zakat, infaq / sadaqah are completed based on PSAK 109, which consists of five components of financial statements, those are the statement of financial position, changes in fund statements, managed assets, cash flow statements, and financial statements.

scholarly journals Accounting Information in a Business Decision-Making Process – Evidence from Croatia

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ježovita
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Business Efficiency

Abstract The objective of the conducted research includes examining importance of financial statements and financial statements analysis in business decision-making process. Conducted empirical research is focused on analysis of determining and evaluating the frequency of using accounting data and annual financial statements within the business decision-making process. According to obtained results, it can be concluded that more than 60% of examines frequently use accounting information and information available from annual financial statements within business decision-making process, and that they are familiar with methods of using technics of financial statements analysis for purposes of evaluating financial position and business efficiency.

scholarly journals Does Accounting Matter? A Social Constructivist Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Loewen
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Social Constructivist ◽  
Societal Change ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Cyclical Process ◽  
Constructivist Perspective ◽  
Economic Reality

Accounting plays an integral role in the construction of economic reality, and therefore, it matters to accountants, users of financial information, and all those who are impacted by the decisions made based on accounting information. Beyond examining why accounting matters, this paper demonstrates how a cyclical process creates and reinforces a particular accountant-created reality, and how legitimacy is gained for agents within the system. Accounting matters because as the preparers of financial statements, accountants construct a reality. As this constructed reality is used, it is legitimized and perpetuated, and the process repeats to reinforce the reality and influence society. Throughout this process, the structure of society is also reinforced. Understanding that the reality is a created one means that societal change is possible, as the construction can be altered. 

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