scholarly journals Some possible legal approaches about ‘efficacy’ as research category of alternative methods for conflict solution (AMCS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (75) ◽  
pp. 130-153
Author(s):  
Martha Eugenia Lezcano Miranda ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Vásquez-Santamaría
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Methodological Development ◽  
Public Contracts ◽  
Conflict Solution ◽  
Analytical Category

By questioning the applicability of Alternative Methods for Conflict Solution (AMCS) in public contracts of working, consulting and concession in the Metropolitan Area of Valle de Aburrá in the light of Law 80 of 1993, itwas showed the absence of previous methodological construction on efcacy as analytical category of juridical setting and sociojuridical objects. So it is valid to ask which juridical approaches allow the category ‘efcacy’ tointermediate the object of some juridical research? This work is centered  in showing some possible implications of efcacy as category for juridicalresearch, by a theoretical foundation of its methodological development,from contributions of Law General Theory and statements about efcacy  as general principle in the practice of administrative function and public deals. From two proposed dimensions, in the conclusions is stated thatefcacy is a category that allows a particular research approach, resulting both in a defnite searching criterion and in the validation of juridical and sociojuridical objects, such as conflict resolution in public contracts.

scholarly journals A Domain-General Theory of the Development of Perceptual Discrimination

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Scott ◽  
Olivier Pascalis ◽  
Charles A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Perceptual Information ◽  
Perceptual Discrimination ◽  
Perceptual Development ◽  
Neural Architecture ◽  
Perceptual Narrowing

In this article, we posit a domain-general principle that may account for the improvement that is observed in several aspects of perceptual development over the first years of life. Development during this time frame is characterized by a process of perceptual narrowing, whereby the discrimination of perceptual information is broadly tuned at first and then declines to more selective levels with experience. This process appears to cut across both the visual and auditory modalities and may reflect the development of a common neural architecture.

scholarly journals Finding Alternative Methods for Controlling the Power Shortage in Kurdistan through Improving Buildings’ Energy Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Kawar T. Salih
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Building Sector

The power shortage is one of the major problems in developing countries. Kurdistan Region of Iraq suffers from this issue, like other developing countries. Especially, after the economy crises that has started in 2014. However, all its efforts for tackling this challenge has been in providing more energy supply stations and more fuel provision. Few studies have been found in the region that seek the relation between the quality of buildings and energy consumption. It is questioned if the building sector in Kurdistan is well managed and environmentally sufficient to consume minimum amount of energy since it is the largest energy consuming sector. This research will seek an alternative to decrease the energy demand in buildings instead of expanding the energy sector. This could be achieved by evaluating the quality of building sector environmentally and improving it. Providing guidelines for building’s thermal regulations, passive building design and increasing the energy efficiency of buildings by renewal means could be alternative strategies for lowering the energy consumption. Theoretical and numerical research approach have been taken in to account for finding the answer through a case study and comparative analysis. A variation of 21-29% of power consumption can be observed between buildings that have not considered energy efficiency criteria in their design and those who reflected them more in the design.

scholarly journals Theoretical Foundation of Rapid Distortion Theory on Transversely Sheared Mean Flows

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Marvin E. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Surface Interactions ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Rapid Distortion Theory ◽  
Secondary Purpose ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
General Conservation

The focus of this paper is on Rapid Distortion Theory on transversely sheared mean flows, which is often used to investigate turbulence-solid surface interactions. The main purpose of the paper is to bring together and present in a consistent fashion a general theory that has been developed in several different papers that have been published in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics. The equations for the unsteady pressure and velocity flections (which decouple from the entropy fluctuations) are rewritten in terms of a gauge function in order to obtain expressions that involve two arbitrarily convected quantities. A pair of very general conservation laws are used to derive upstream boundary conditions that relate these quantities to the actual physical variables. The entropy fluctuations can be determined after the fact once the solutions for the pressure and velocity fluctuations are known. The result involves a third arbitrary convected quantity that is equal to the entropy fluctuations at upstream infinity and can, therefore, be specified as an additional upstream boundary condition. A secondary purpose of the paper is to summarize a number of applications of the theory that have also appeared in the literature and show how they compare with an experiment.

Disaggregate Modelling and Decisions of Retail Firms: A Case Study of Clothing Retailers

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Miller ◽  
S R Lerman
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Multinomial Probit ◽  
Floor Space

A general theory of the decisions made by retail firms with regard to location, number of employees, and the amount of floor space rented is reviewed. This theory, originally developed by the authors in a previous paper, leads to a multinomial probit disaggregate choice model with some of the attributes endogenously determined. This paper is a sequel to that earlier work. The application of this model to clothing retailers in the Boston Metropolitan area is described, and results of models estimated from a survey of such stores are reported. Some specific inferences regarding the behavior of clothing retailers are drawn, and more general conclusions regarding the usefulness of the theory are discussed.

Constructing a partially formalized general theory of the marketing system: insights from the history of marketing thought

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-283
Author(s):  
Eric H. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Market Size ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to construct a general theory of the marketing system that addresses the fundamental question: why do marketing systems occur, survive and grow? Design/methodology/approach The approach integrates the concepts and constructs contained in special and mid-range theories, scattered throughout the history of marketing thought, into a logically coherent set of propositions (including definitions, axioms, theorems, scientific laws, bridge laws and hypotheses) that comprise a general theory of the marketing system. Findings The theoretical answer to why marketing systems arise, survive and grow is because marketing systems offer the most efficient mechanism for supplying products and services that people demand, thereby increasing economic growth, compared to the opportunity costs of alternative methods of acquisition. Based on just two (of several) marketing efficiency theorems, if the input costs of trading decline (law of reduced transaction costs) and/or the output value increases (law of bulk transactions), then marketing system efficiency rises. This creates an upward spiraling cycle: increasing the extent of the market (law of market size), proliferating opportunities for increasing aggregate production efficiency (through the law of comparative advantage and the law of division of labor), thereby further proliferating opportunities for aggregate marketing system efficiency (e.g. law of central markets, law of marketing specialists), thus fueling further aggregate economic growth (until limited by the law of diminishing returns, the law of the minimum resource or the law of market size). An empirically testable central hypothesis is derived from the propositions: increasing aggregate marketing system efficiency provides both the necessary and sufficient conditions for increasing aggregate economic growth in a society. Originality/value The value of developing a general theory of the marketing system is to advance the marketing discipline as a social science. Additionally, a general theory is likely to enhance academic thinking, improve business practice and facilitate interaction among academicians and practitioners. Further, a general theory could also reduce disciplinary fragmentation, avoid identity confusion and lessen the credibility crisis in marketing, among others.

scholarly journals Game Designers and the Ludo Mix: Constructing an Aesthetic Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laureline Chiapello
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intellectual Properties

A ludo mix occurs when a variety of media are organized around one or several central games. While this might be an opportunity to build worlds and create new intellectual properties, it is also a marketing strategy. These two perspectives are often contradictory, and are difficult for game designers to address: how to design games in a ludo mix? Firstly, I establish a theoretical foundation, and suggest that a definition of ludo mix can encompass the game designer’s experience more explicitly by relying on the pragmatist concept of “aesthetic experience” by John Dewey. Based on this perspective, I will demonstrate how Dewey’s concepts complement the works of two major thinkers in Japanese media studies, Eiji Ōtsuka and Hiroki Azuma. Secondly, I validate the usefulness of Dewey’s concepts for game designers by employing them in a “project-grounded” research approach. This particular project involves nine students enrolled in a narrative game design class, working on the franchise Aggressive Retsuko. The results show that pragmatism is indeed a fruitful philosophical stance for game designers; ludo mixes ought to be seen as “grand experiences” instead of “grand narratives”.

scholarly journals General theory of legal design in law and economics framework of commercial contracting

2022 ◽  
pp. 205556362110616
Author(s):  
Katri Nousiainen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Microeconomic Theory ◽  
Economic Analysis Of Law

We need law and economics to do the scientific measurement necessary for legal design to be seen as on the stage of science. Law and economics—which is the application of economic theory, especially microeconomic theory, to the analysis and the practice of law--is a valid tool and approach to reflect on what should be empirically investigated in the practice of legal design. The neoclassical (mainstream) theoretical foundation of economic analysis of law is, however, at times far from reality as it often predicts uncooperative and even selfish behaviour. In real life people do cooperate, have empathy, emotions and even behave in an altruistic way. For those reasons, behavioural law and economics and conventional wisdom are needed to complement the teachings from standard theory in the field of commercial contracting.

scholarly journals The Role of Alternative Education in Tackling Students Dropout

Society ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-731
Author(s):  
Afif Muchlisin ◽  
Ahmad Zuber ◽  
Bagus Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Education ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Student Dropout

The dropout rate is still relatively high in Surakarta. Many children cannot get an education from elementary to high school levels in Surakarta. The causative factors are economic that force children to work for daily needs and social environment that does not support learning activities. Alternatives education is one way to make economically disadvantaged people can get the education services needed. This study’s problem formulation is how alternative education reduces student dropout rates. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the alternative education programs to find effective methods to reduce student dropout rates at the Community Learning Center of Rumah Pelangi Sangkrah in Surakarta, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The theory used is Paulo Freire’s Conscientization Theory. The method used is Daniel Stufflebeam’s CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) evaluation model with a qualitative research approach and conducting in-depth interviews with several informants and secondary data sources from related institutions. This evaluation study, one of which, in the context of Rumah Pelangi Sangkrah, it becomes one of the agencies that tackle students’ dropout due to the critical awareness of education actors and increased awareness of dropping out students. The strategy is to realize the importance of education with a personal approach to students’ dropout and parents. In terms of input, tutors’ availability is sufficient, but it is necessary to improve tutors’ welfare because the daily operational costs are already quite good. The learning process and the learning hour curriculum applied are very suited to the students’ condition. There are even alternative methods in online learning for students if they cannot attend class. In terms of output, through the ongoing program, Rumah Pelangi Sangkrah has been able to graduate the students through Package C Study Group of Equivalency Education Program to entrance several state universities using certificate equivalency.

Taking a wider view

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foluké Abigail Badejo ◽  
Sharyn Rundle-Thiele ◽  
Krzysztof Kubacki
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost Constraints

Purpose Responding to the call for an extension of social marketing scope and application, this paper aims to outline implementation of a multi-stream, multi-method formative research approach to understanding human trafficking in the global South context of Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a multi-method, multi-stream research design. The study used alternative methods allowing a critical perspective to be taken. Findings Contradictions between upstream discourses and the lived experiences of trafficked individuals emerged. Specifically, moral and rational agency ideology, which conflates human trafficking with prostitution, unintentionally promotes human trafficking and underrepresents other forms of trafficking was evident. Experiences of socioeconomic oppression, traditional practices and an aspirational culture fuels positive attitudes towards human trafficking. The lived experience of human trafficking survivors while varied was underpinned by the common theme of job seeking. Participants perceived human traffickers as benevolent users rather than oppressors, and their rescue as oppressive and disempowering. Research limitations/implications Application of a multi-stream approach is limited by research context, sample size, time and cost constraints. Future research extending the multi-stream research approach to other research contexts and groups is recommended. Practical implications Multi-stream formative research design assisted to yield wider insights, which informed the design of a multilevel pilot intervention to combat human trafficking in Nigeria. Originality/value Extending understanding beyond individual, myopic approaches that have dominated social marketing formative research.

scholarly journals Participating in reflection seminars: Progressing towards a deeper understanding of caring science described by nursing students

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Knutsson ◽  
Maria Lundvall ◽  
Elisabeth Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Caring Science ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Few studies focus on how reflection seminars can support the learning of knowledge in caring science when inserted throughout the curriculum. The aim of this study was to describe students’ experiences of participating in reflection seminars, using lifeworld theory and focusing on caring science. A qualitative descriptive study based on interviews was carried out, and ten students between 21 and 33 years of age volunteered to participate. A reflective lifeworld research approach was used. Reflection seminars contribute to developing students’ ability to relate to caring and life. A deeper understanding is obtained when reflection sessions are spread over a longer period and when reflection becomes a process. The process helps caring science to become more natural and useful. Reflective seminaries based on a theoretical foundation contribute to facilitate learning more readily. A good atmosphere pervaded by a lifeworld perspective characterized by openness and thoughtfulness contributes to learning.

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