scholarly journals As virtudes pós-morte. O imaginário cristão sobre práticas virtuosas em favor da salvação da alma no purgatório

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (300) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Volney José Berkenbrock ◽  
Lidiane Almeida Niero
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Religious Behaviors

Síntese: Este texto tem por objetivo recuperar a formação do imaginário cristão sobre o pós-morte, com o intuito de demonstrar o leque de concepções envolvidas que aos poucos foram tomando forma em diversas ações da vida cotidiana. Serão abordados alguns elementos desse imaginário, que ajudarão na compreensão das condições que podem influenciar o processo de purificação da alma após a morte. Aqui, as virtudes pós-morte ganham destaque. Impulsionadas pela ideia do purgatório, as atividades virtuosas são entendidas pelos vivos como meio de abreviar o sofrimento. Os mecanismos utilizados em socorro da alma foram detectados a partir de uma pesquisa que teve como fonte testamentos registrados na comarca do Rio das Mortes, durante o século XVIII, e que foram fundamentais na tentativa de resgatar sentidos impressos nas práticas e nas condutas religiosas dos testadores da região.Palavras-Chave: Morte. Virtudes. Purificação. Testamentos.Abstract: This text aims to recover formation Christian imaginary formation about the postmortem in order to demonstrate the range of concepts involved and were gradually taking shape in various actions of everyday life. Some elements of this imaginary will be addressed, which will help in understanding the conditions that can influence the process of purification of the soul after death. Here, the postmortem virtues are highlighted. Driven by the idea of purgatory, the virtuous activities are meant for the living as means to shorten the suffering. The mechanisms used in relief of the soul were detected from a research that was to supply by the registered wills in Rio das Mortes district, during the eighteenth century, and who were instrumental in the attempt to rescue printed meaning of practices and religious behaviors of testers in this region.Keywords: Death. Virtue. Purification. Wills.

Disciplinarity (Embedded and Specialized Systems)

System ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Siskin
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
William Wordsworth ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Mary Hays ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
True Knowledge

During the final decades of the eighteenth century, Enlightenment efforts at comprehensive mastery gave way to different uses of system—to delimited and dedicated systems and to the dispersing of systems into other forms, including the specialized essays of the modern disciplines. Their “travel” filled the world in new ways. This transition highlights our differences from Enlightenment. For Smith, who based his master SYSTEMS on “sentiments” as probable behaviors, true knowledge was useful knowledge that worked in the world to change that world. For us knowledge is knowledge because it is true. The end-of-century proliferation of systems and of print made inclusive master SYSTEMS unsustainable. Late eighteenth-century Britain is a laboratory for studying the consequences of this proliferation: instead of becoming parts of master SYSTEMS, systems were inserted into other forms. This shifted the organization of knowledge from every kind being a branch of philosophy, moral or natural, into the specialized and professionalized disciplines of modernity. This “travel” of system into other forms—embedded systems—was exemplified by Mathus’s Population “essay,” and in works, also published in 1798, by William Wordsworth and Mary Hays. Systems embedded in other forms and stretched to accommodate more things meant system proliferated into every aspect of everyday life.

Slaves without Shackles: An Archaeology of Everyday Life on Gorée Island, Senegal

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahima Thiaw
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Transnational Community ◽  
Changing Patterns

This chapter examines how slavery was imprinted on material culture and settlement at Gorée Island. It evaluates the changing patterns of settlement, access to materials, and emerging novel tastes to gain insights into everyday life and cultural interactions on the island. By the eighteenth century, Gorée grew rapidly as an urban settlement with a heterogeneous population including free and enslaved Africans as well as different European identities. Interaction between these different identities was punctuated with intense negotiations resulting in the emergence of a truly transnational community. While these significant changes were noted in the settlement pattern and material culture recovered, the issue of slavery — critical to most oral and documentary narratives about the island — remains relatively opaque in the archaeological record. Despite this, the chapter attempts to tease out from available documentary and archaeological evidence some illumination on interaction between the different communities on the island, including indigenous slaves.

How violent was eighteenth-century Ireland?

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (119) ◽  
pp. 377-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Garnham
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Popular Protest ◽  
Ancient Regime ◽  
History Of ◽  
Typical Part ◽  
The Law

In his recent book dealing with the history of duelling in Ireland, James Kelly comes to the conclusion that eighteenth-century Ireland was essentially ‘a violent society’, peopled at least in part ‘by wilful men who put their individual reputations above their lives, their families, their religion, and the law’. Such comments seem to continue a well-established tradition of interpretation that goes back to the nineteenth century. However, this image of a society in which violence was endemic, and conflict a feature of everyday life, has not gone unquestioned by historians. For example, Thomas Bartlett and Sean Connolly have instead noted the relatively controlled nature of popular protest, the early disappearance of banditry, and the reliance, until the very end of the century, on local enforcement of the law, as possible indications that Ireland may not have been as disorderly a society as has been suggested. These differing interpretations have, in turn, an obvious relevance to the wider debate on how eighteenth-century Ireland should be perceived: as a society irreconcilably and uniquely divided by religious and ethnic conflicts, or as a more or less typical part of the European ancient régime.

Seekers and Subcultures

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Asian Religions ◽  
Western Nations

The notion of the religious life as being a quest or a journey is quite ancient. Nevertheless, traditionally the average believer has not usually experienced her or his religion in these terms. Rather, religion is typically a part of everyday life that is, for the most part, taken for granted. However, as early as the eighteenth century, a new spiritual subculture had begun to emerge in Western nations within which a number of people with interests in alternative religious ideas and practices adopted a posture of seekership, pursuing various alternative spiritual interests from Spiritualism to certain Asian religions and Asian religious practices. The present chapter proposes to survey this development.

‘My House Shall Be Called the House of Prayer’: Religion and the Material Culture of the Episcopal Household, c.1500 to c.1800

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 294-306
Author(s):  
Michael Ashby
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Religious Instruction ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

Over the past three decades, the study of material culture has become a pervasive feature of historical scholarship. From art to shoes, from porcelain to glass, ‘things’ are increasingly viewed as a useful medium through which to reconstruct what mattered to historical actors in everyday life. Taking its lead from this vast scholarship, this discussion examines how material culture was integrated into a programme of devotion, edification and religious instruction within England’s episcopal palaces, a group of buildings in which the relationship between the material and the spiritual was particularly fraught. Adopting a long chronological span, from 1500 to 1800, it analyses how that relationship evolved into the eighteenth century, a period noted for its proliferation of things and apparently ‘secular’ character.

scholarly journals Kuća u Splitskom statutu – građenje, održavanje, rušenje

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Josip Belamarić
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Town

It can be said that the town statute of Split and the stipulations concerning the everyday life in this medieval town are not characterized by the aim to create an ideal city and, in this, they are far from the long-range urban planning contained in the statute of Dubrovnik. The fact that less than five per cent of the stipulations in the statute of Split relate to urban planning ought to be understood as indicating that the town, set in Diocletian’s Palace and determined by its structures, had already been defined to a large extent and that it functioned well and fulfilled the needs of its inhabitants. Thirty chapters of the statute deal with different aspects of the development of medieval Split and its everyday maintenance. This article focuses on the relationship between the local government and private property, that is, with the cases of private spaces being transformed into public spaces and the ‘ritualistic erasures’, that is, the demolition of houses whose owners committed treason and broke the law. This phenomenon of demolition as setting example was not limited to medieval Split but was recorded in other Dalmatian communes (in Omiš and Dubrovnik as late as the eighteenth century) and this discussion of it is based on the examination of a wider set of primary sources.

scholarly journals The Lower Clergy and Popular Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dániel Bárth
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Written Form

The aim of this paper is to examine the role of the Christian lower priesthood in local communities in eighteenth–twentieth century Hungary and Transylvania in cultural transmission. The author intends to map out the complex and changing conditions of the social function, everyday life, and mentality of the priests on the bottom rung of the clerical hierarchy. Particular emphasis is placed on the activity of priests active at the focus points of interaction between elite and popular culture who, starting from the second half of the eighteenth century, often reflected both directly and in a written form on the cultural practices of the population of villages and market towns. The theoretical questions and possible approaches are centered around the complex relations of the priest and the community, their harmonious or conflict-ridden co-existence, questions of sacral economy, stereotypes of the “good priest” and the “bad priest” as shaped from above and from below, the subtleties of “priest-keeping”, the intentions related to preserving traditions and creating new customs, and the different temperaments of priests in relation to these issues.

scholarly journals Domestic Everyday Life, and Manners and Customs in this Country, from the Earliest Period to the end of the Eighteenth Century

1877 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 86-130
Author(s):  
George Harris
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
National History ◽  
The People

In my former paper I endeavoured to describe the condition of the people at the earliest period with which we are acquainted, and the effect, upon their civilisation produced by the Roman invasion, through the intercourse consequently established between Great Britain and Rome, at that time the grand centre and source of art and civilisation. The darkest period in our national history has now been passed through. Two causes mainly appear to me, in the first instance, to further the progress of civilisation among a people: The intercourse of a barbarous nation with foreigners who are more civilised than the former; The growing intelligence of the natives them-selves, whose capacities are thus stimulated, and their energies roused. Many other causes, no doubt, contribute in turn to the further advancement and development of civilisation, such as the institutions which spring up, and the pursuits that are followed, in any nation. Nevertheless, these two main causes to which I have particularly alluded, appear to me to be the primary elements, and are what first contribute to set the machine in motion.

Intersections

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gikandi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Culture Of Consumption ◽  
Eighteenth Century Britain ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Modern Identity

This chapter moves beyond the critical debates raised in Chapter 1 to provide a more concrete narrative of the coexistence of taste and slavery as aesthetic objects and products of everyday life in the modern world. It explores the link between slavery, consumption, and the culture of taste, all-important conduits for understanding modern identity. With a particular emphasis on changing theories of taste in eighteenth-century Britain, it provides an analysis or reading of the troubled relation between race, ideologies of taste, and the culture of consumption. It examines how slavery enabled the moment of taste; led to fundamental transformations in the self-understanding of modern subjects; and, consequently, resulted in a redefinition of notions of freedom, selfhood, and representation.

Guadalupe and the Castas

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-247
Author(s):  
Sarah Cline
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Natural Abundance ◽  
Virgin Of Guadalupe ◽  
Modern Era

A mid-eighteenth-century casta painting by Luis de Mena uniquely unites the image of the Virgin of Guadalupe and casta (mixed-race) groupings, along with scenes of everyday life in Mexico, and the natural abundance of New Spain. Reproduced multiple times, the painting has not been systematically analyzed. This article explores individual elements in their colonial context and the potential meanings of the painting in the modern era. Una pintura de Luis de Mena sobre las castas, de mediados del siglo xviii, reúne de manera singular la imagen de la Virgen de Guadalupe, los agrupamientos de castas y escenas de la vida cotidiana en México, junto con la abundancia natural de Nueva España. Aunque reproducida en múltiples ocasiones, la pintura no ha sido analizada sistemáticamente. Este artículo explora sus elementos individuales en el contexto colonial y los significados potenciales de la pintura en la época moderna.

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