Entomological Survey of the Mosquitoes in an Area of Ecological TOurism in the Brazilian Amazon Basin

ABSTRACT Mosquitoes have a great epidemiological importance, since females of several species transmit etiological agents of human diseases, such as malaria and arboviruses. In Brazil, the state of Acre has been highlighted in recent years for its high incidence of diseases of relevance to public health, such as malaria, dengue, and leishmaniases, whose etiological agents are transmitted by insect vectors, including mosquitoes. Nevertheless, few studies have been carried out on the mosquito fauna in Acre State; this study aims to identify the culicid fauna of an ecological tourism area of the municipality of Xapuri, Acre State, Brazilian Amazon. Mosquito collections were carried out monthly at the Seringal Cachoeira settlement, between April 2014 and March 2015 using 6 automatic Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps, one in each ecotope. During the study period, 1,021 specimens belonging to the genera Aedeomyia, Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, Mansonia, Orthopodomyia, Psorophora, Trichoprosopon, and Uranotaenia were collected. The genus Culex was predominant, Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus being the most frequent species, followed by Cx. (Melanoconion) gnomatos. The importance of these findings is discussed.

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Communications and Politics

10.1093/oso/9780190697211.003.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua M. Sharfstein

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Disease Control ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Political Judgment ◽

Political Leaders ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Public Health Crisis ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Public Health Officials ◽

Centers For Disease Control

An effective communications approach starts with a basic dictum set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: “Be first, be right, be credible.” Agencies must establish themselves as vital sources of accurate information to maintain the public’s trust. At the same time, public health officials must recognize that communications play out in the context of ideological debates, electoral rivalries, and other political considerations. During a public health crisis, this means that health officials often need to constructively engage political leaders in communications and management. Navigating these waters in the middle of a crisis can be treacherous. Figuring out the best way to engage elected leaders is a core aspect of political judgment.

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Users’ Beliefs Toward Physical Distancing in Facebook Pages of Public Health Authorities During COVID-19 Pandemic in Early 2020

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/10901981211014428 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109019812110144

Author(s):

Soon Guan Tan ◽

Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar ◽

Hwee Lin Wee

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Belief Model ◽

United States Public Health ◽

Health Belief ◽

The United States ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Public Health Authorities ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Belief Model ◽

The Health Belief Model

This study aims to describe Facebook users’ beliefs toward physical distancing measures implemented during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic using the key constructs of the health belief model. A combination of rule-based filtering and manual classification methods was used to classify user comments on COVID-19 Facebook posts of three public health authorities: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States, Public Health England, and Ministry of Health, Singapore. A total of 104,304 comments were analyzed for posts published between 1 January, 2020, and 31 March, 2020, along with COVID-19 cases and deaths count data from the three countries. Findings indicate that the perceived benefits of physical distancing measures ( n = 3,463; 3.3%) was three times higher than perceived barriers ( n = 1,062; 1.0%). Perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 ( n = 2,934; 2.8%) was higher compared with perceived severity ( n = 2,081; 2.0%). Although susceptibility aspects of physical distancing were discussed more often at the start of the year, mentions on the benefits of intervention emerged stronger toward the end of the analysis period, highlighting the shift in beliefs. The health belief model is useful for understanding Facebook users’ beliefs at a basic level, and it provides a scope for further improvement.

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Interrupted time series design to evaluate ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM coding changes on trends in Colorado emergency department visits related to traumatic brain injury

Injury Epidemiology ◽

10.1186/s40621-021-00308-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lauren Alexis De Crescenzo ◽

Barbara Alison Gabella ◽

Jewell Johnson

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Ed Visits ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The transition in 2015 to the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Disease, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) in the US led the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to propose a surveillance definition of traumatic brain injury (TBI) utilizing ICD-10-CM codes. The CDC’s proposed surveillance definition excludes “unspecified injury of the head,” previously included in the ICD-9-CM TBI surveillance definition. The study purpose was to evaluate the impact of the TBI surveillance definition change on monthly rates of TBI-related emergency department (ED) visits in Colorado from 2012 to 2017. Results The monthly rate of TBI-related ED visits was 55.6 visits per 100,000 persons in January 2012. This rate in the transition month to ICD-10-CM (October 2015) decreased by 41 visits per 100,000 persons (p-value < 0.0001), compared to September 2015, and remained low through December 2017, due to the exclusion of “unspecified injury of head” (ICD-10-CM code S09.90) in the proposed TBI definition. The average increase in the rate was 0.33 visits per month (p < 0.01) prior to October 2015, and 0.04 visits after. When S09.90 was included in the model, the monthly TBI rate in Colorado remained smooth from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM and the transition was no longer significant (p = 0.97). Conclusion The reduction in the monthly TBI-related ED visit rate resulted from the CDC TBI surveillance definition excluding unspecified head injury, not necessarily the coding transition itself. Public health practitioners should be aware that the definition change could lead to a drastic reduction in the magnitude and trend of TBI-related ED visits, which could affect decisions regarding the allocation of TBI resources. This study highlights a challenge in creating a standardized set of TBI ICD-10-CM codes for public health surveillance that provides comparable yet clinically relevant estimates that span the ICD transition.

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Tracking U.S. Pertussis Incidence: Correlation of Public Health Surveillance and Google Search Data Varies by State

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56385-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christopher H. Arehart ◽

Michael Z. David ◽

Vanja Dukic

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Linear Models ◽

State Level ◽

Individual State ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Search Data ◽

State Models ◽

Uniform Manner ◽

Google Search ◽

The U.S

AbstractThe Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention document a raw proxy for counts of pertussis cases in the U.S., and the Project Tycho (PT) database provides an improved source of these weekly data. These data are limited because of reporting delays, variation in state-level surveillance practices, and changes over time in diagnosis methods. We aim to assess whether Google Trends (GT) search data track pertussis incidence relative to PT data and if sociodemographic characteristics explain some variation in the accuracy of state-level models. GT and PT data were used to construct auto-correlation corrected linear models for pertussis incidence in 2004–2011 for the entire U.S. and each individual state. The national model resulted in a moderate correlation (adjusted R2 = 0.2369, p < 0.05), and state models tracked PT data for some but not all states. Sociodemographic variables explained approximately 30% of the variation in performance of individual state-level models. The significant correlation between GT models and public health data suggests that GT is a potentially useful pertussis surveillance tool. However, the variable accuracy of this tool by state suggests GT surveillance cannot be applied in a uniform manner across geographic sub-regions.

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The immature stages of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), with notes on distribution and bionomics

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4358.2.10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4358 (2) ◽

pp. 375

Author(s):

GLEISON ROBSON DESIDÉRIO ◽

ANA MARIA PES ◽

NEUSA HAMADA ◽

JORGE LUIZ NESSIMIAN

Keyword(s):

Amazon Basin ◽

New Records ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

First Record ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Life Stages ◽

State Information ◽

Amazonas State

Immature stages of many Brazilian Smicridea species remains unknown, and efforts to describe all life stages are required. In this paper, the larva and pupa of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978, associated with adults through the metamorphotype method, are described and illustrated. In addition, the known distribution of this species is extended in the Brazilian Amazon Basin with new records from Amazonas state and the first record in Pará state. Information about its bionomics is also provided.

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Net nitrogen mineralization and net nitrification rates in soils following deforestation for pasture across the southwestern Brazilian Amazon Basin landscape

Oecologia ◽

10.1007/s004420050157 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 110 (2) ◽

pp. 243-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Christopher Neill ◽

Marisa C. Piccolo ◽

Carlos C. Cerri ◽

Paul A. Steudler ◽

Jerry M. Melillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Mineralization ◽

Amazon Basin ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Net Nitrification ◽

Net Nitrogen Mineralization

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PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2.1.138 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 138-140

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

South Carolina ◽

New England ◽

The West ◽

Central Section ◽

North Central ◽

South Central ◽

High Incidence ◽

Health Nursing ◽

West North Central

THE accompanying table summarizes the incidence of nine important communicable diseases, based on weekly telegraphic reports from State health departments. The reports from each State for each week are published in PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS under the section "Incidence of Disease." [See Table in Source Pdf]. Diseases Above Median Incidence Measles—The number of cases of measles rose from 102,680 during the preceding 4 weeks to 114,983 during the 4 weeks ended May 22. The incidence was 3.4 times the number of cases reported for the corresponding period in 1947, which was, however, a comparatively low measles year, but it was only about 10 percent above the 1943-47 median. In the New England and East South Central sections the incidence was below the normal expectancy and in the South Atlantic section the number of cases was only slightly higher than the median for the preceding 5 years, but in the other 6 sections the increases over the median expectancy ranged from 1.1 times the median in the West North Central section to 3.4 times the median in the West South Central section. Poliomyelitis.— The number of cases of poliomyelitis rose from 126 during the preceding 4-week period to 440 during the current 4 weeks. The incidence was 3.5 times that reported for these weeks in 1947, which number (126 cases) also represents the 1943-47 median. An increase of this disease is expected at this season of the year, but the current number of cases represents a larger increase at this time than has normally occurred in preceding years. While each section of the country except New England contributed to the relatively high incidence, the greatest excesses over the 5-year medians were reported from the West North Central and West South Central sections. Of the total cases Texas reported 179, California 62, South Carolina 46, New Jersey 16, Iowa 14, Florida 12, Alabama 11, and Illinois, South Dakota, and Louisiana 10 each; 85 percent of the reported cases occurred in those 10 states which represent every section of the country except the New England and Mountain sections. Since the beginning of the year there have been 947 cases of poliomyelitis reported as compared with 894 and 810 for the corresponding period in 1947 and 1946, respectively.

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Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in riverine communities from the Western Region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02762001000800016 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 96 (8) ◽

pp. 1123-1128 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

VS de Paula ◽

ME Arruda ◽

CL Vitral ◽

AMC Gaspar

Keyword(s):

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Amazon Basin ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Western Region ◽

The Western Region

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Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from a white-sand habitat in the Brazilian Amazon, with the description of four new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4504 (3) ◽

pp. 401

Author(s):

FERNANDO DA SILVA CARVALHO-FILHO ◽

INOCÊNCIO DE SOUSA GORAYEB ◽

JÉSSICA MARIA MENEZES SOARES ◽

MATHEUS TAVARES DE SOUZA

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Tropical Forest ◽

Amazon Basin ◽

Vegetation Type ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Insect Fauna ◽

Flesh Fly ◽

Small Areas ◽

White Sand ◽

Flesh Flies

The white-sand enclaves in the Amazon Basin are small areas scattered through the tropical forest, with sandy and nutrient-poor soils and an unusual vegetation type. The insect fauna of this ecosystem is poorly known, especially in the eastern Amazon. The flesh fly fauna of an area of open herbaceous white-sand vegetation known as “Campo Redondo” in the municipality of Cametá, state of Pará, was surveyed, resulting in the discovery of 43 species in 11 genera representing the subfamilies Sarcophaginae and Miltogramminae. Four new species are described: Dexosarcophaga (Dexosarcophaga) campina sp. nov., Helicobia cametaensis sp. nov., Helicobia domquixote sp. nov., and Metopia fofo sp. nov. Lepidodexia (Lepidodexia) grisea Lopes and Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) setifrons (Lopes) are newly recorded from Brazil. Dexosarcophaga (Bezzisca) ampullula (Engel), D. (Dexosarcophaga) transita Townsend and Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) larvicida (Lopes) are newly recorded from the Brazilian Amazon.

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