scholarly journals Influence of Orthopaedic Drilling Parameters on Surface Roughness and Cutting Force of Bone Drilling Process

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Izamshah ◽  
M.S Noorazizi ◽  
M.S Kasim ◽  
C.H Che Haron
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Drilling Parameters

Experimental investigations and statistical modeling of cutting force and torque in rotary ultrasonic bone drilling of human cadaver bone

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Pal Singh ◽  
Pulak Mohan Pandey ◽  
Asit Ranjan Mridha ◽  
Tanuj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Abrasive Particle ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Drilling Speed ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Drill Diameter

Cutting force and torque are important factors in the success of the bone drilling process. In the recent past, many attempts have been made to reduce the cutting force and torque in the bone drilling process. In this work, drilling on human cadaver bones has been performed using rotary ultrasonic bone drilling process to investigate the effect of drilling parameters on cutting force and torque. The experimental work was carried on a recently developed rotary ultrasonic bone drilling machine for surgical operations. The experimental work was performed in two phases. The first phase includes a comparative study between rotary ultrasonic bone drilling and conventional surgical bone drilling, to study the influence of various drilling parameters (rotational speed, drill diameter, and drilling tool feed rate) on the cutting force and torque. The results revealed that the cutting force and torque produced during drilling operations in rotary ultrasonic bone drilling were lesser (30%–40%) than conventional surgical bone drilling. In the second phase, response surface methodology was used to perform the statistical modeling of cutting force and torque in rotary ultrasonic bone drilling process. Analysis of variance was performed at a confidence interval of 95% to analyze the significant contribution ( p < 0.05) of process parameters (drilling speed, feed rate, drill diameter, and abrasive particle size) on the responses (cutting force and torque). The confirmatory experiments were performed to validate the developed statistical models. It was found that both cutting force and torque decrease with increase in drilling speed and increases with the increasing drill diameter, feed rate, and abrasive particle size.

scholarly journals A Force Sensorless Method for CFRP/Ti Stack Interface Detection during Robotic Orbital Drilling Operations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Fang ◽  
Ze-Min Pan ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Shao-Hua Fei ◽  
Guan-Hua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Orbital Drilling ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Machining Properties

Drilling carbon fiber reinforced plastics and titanium (CFRP/Ti) stacks is one of the most important activities in aircraft assembly. It is favorable to use different drilling parameters for each layer due to their dissimilar machining properties. However, large aircraft parts with changing profiles lead to variation of thickness along the profiles, which makes it challenging to adapt the cutting parameters for different materials being drilled. This paper proposes a force sensorless method based on cutting force observer for monitoring the thrust force and identifying the drilling material during the drilling process. The cutting force observer, which is the combination of an adaptive disturbance observer and friction force model, is used to estimate the thrust force. An in-process algorithm is developed to monitor the variation of the thrust force for detecting the stack interface between the CFRP and titanium materials. Robotic orbital drilling experiments have been conducted on CFRP/Ti stacks. The estimate error of the cutting force observer was less than 13%, and the stack interface was detected in 0.25 s (or 0.05 mm) before or after the tool transited it. The results show that the proposed method can successfully detect the CFRP/Ti stack interface for the cutting parameters adaptation.

scholarly journals Effects of Microstructure, Mechanical and Physical Properties on Machinability of Graphite Cast Irons

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangzhuo Ren ◽  
Fengzhang Ren ◽  
Fengjun Li ◽  
Linkai Cui ◽  
Yi Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Turning Process ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Flake (FGI) and spheroidal (SGI) graphite cast irons are often used to produce workpieces, which often need to be machined. Machinability differences under various machining methods are the basis for choosing machining equipment and technology. In this work, FGI and SGI were used to produce tractor front brackets, and the machinability of both materials under turning and drilling processes was compared. The machinability (turning and drilling ability) has been evaluated in terms of machining load, chips shape, surface roughness, and tool temperature. The influence of materials microstructure and thermal conductivity on the machinability was analyzed. In the turning process, the cutting force and its standard deviation of the FGI were larger than the SGI due to the higher volume fraction of pearlite. The surface roughness was similar in both materials. In the drilling process, the even action of the friction and cutting force on the bit turned into similar drilling loads for both materials. Higher friction and lower thermal conductivity caused a higher bit temperature in SGI drilling compared to FGI. The chip breaking was worse in SGI drilling, where the longer chips scratched the internal surface of the holes, resulting in the higher surface roughness.

scholarly journals Application of Genetic Algorithm Technique for Machining Parameters Optimization in Drilling of Stainless Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
T. Deepan Bharathi Kannan ◽  
B. Suresh Kumar ◽  
G. Rajesh Kannan ◽  
M. Umar ◽  
Mohammad Chand Khan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Burr Height ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
Exit Burr

Abstract This work is aimed at developing relations between the pertinent variables that affect drilling process of stainless steel using artificial neural network. The experiments were conducted on vertical CNC machining centre. The parameters used were spindle speed and feed rate. The effect of machining parameters on entry burr height, exit burr height and surface roughness was experimentally evaluated for different spindle speeds and feed rates. A model was established between the drilling parameters and experimentally obtained data using ANN. The predicted values and measured values are fairly close, which indicates that the developed model can be effectively used to predict the burr height and surface roughness in drilling of stainless steel. Genetic algorithm (GA) technique was used in this work to identify the optimized drilling parameters. Confirmation test was conducted with the optimized parameters and it was found that confirmation test results were similar to that of GA-predicted output values.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on the effect of drill quality on the performance of bone drilling

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurshid Alam ◽  
Sujan Piya ◽  
Ahmed Al-Ghaithi ◽  
Vadim Silberschmidth
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Drilling Force ◽  
Grey Relational Grade ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Response Variables

AbstractBone drilling is a well-known process in operative fracture treatment and reconstructive surgery. The cutting ability of the drill is lost when used for multiple times. In this study, the effect of different levels of drill wear on bone temperature, drilling force, torque, delamination around the drilling region and surface roughness of the hole was investigated using a series of experiments. Experimental results demonstrated that the wear of the drill is strongly related to the drilling force, torque, temperature and surface roughness of the drilled hole. Statistical analysis was performed to find the effect of various factors on multiple response variables in the bone drilling process. The favorable conditions for bone drilling are obtained when feed rate, drill speed and the roughness of the cutting edge of the drill were fixed at 30 mm, 2000 rpm and up to 2 mm, respectively. Further, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the factor with a significant impact on the response variables. F-test and p-value indicated that the feed rate had the highest effect on grey relational grade followed by the roughness of the drill. This study suggests that the sharp drill along with controlled drilling speed and feed rate may be used for safe and efficient surgical drilling in bone.

An Assessment of Cutting Force for Dental Implant Drilling

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 2542-2547
Author(s):  
Joon Hwang ◽  
Eui Sik Chung ◽  
Yong Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Dental Surgery

Bone drilling is widely used in orthopedics and dental surgery; it is a technically surgical procedure. Recent technological improvements in this area are focused on efforts to reduce forces in bone drilling. The aim of this study was to compare changes in cutting force during dental bone drilling at various drilling conditions and drill tool geometry. In the present in vitro study, dog jaw bone with uniform thickness of cortical bone was used. Cutting force changes were measured during drilling process. Drill jig was designed and manufactured to fix jaw workpiece and mounted on the tool dynamometer to measure cutting force in drilling process. The dental implant drilling tests were conducted at various cutting speeds and feed rates. In this study drilling thrust force was observed 1.5~3.6[N] for MS type implant drilling and 3.1~4.9[N] for conventional high speed steel drilling, respectively. This further research will provide a basic quantitative approach for the timely issue of wide application of implant drilling in dental and orthopedic surgery fields.

Robust Optimization of the Deep Drilling Process by Taguchi Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 760 ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
Laurentiu Aurel Mihail
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Deep Drilling ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Profile Height ◽  
Average Profile

The paper presents an optimization by using the robust engineering approach, for the optimization of the deep drilling process by assessing the surface roughness by the Ra parameter. The trials were developed according with the Robust Engineering principles, by applying the Taguchi Method. The parameter for decision is the average profile height (Ra) of the roughness. Finally, there are presented solutions for the setting-up the deep drilling parameters levels in such a way to assure the best quality at the level of the generated surface. The method results to be reliable for being applied for achieving the optimal setup machining parameters used for the deep drilling process.

Fabrication and Optimization of Drilling Parameters in Heat Treated SiC Reinforced Functionally Graded Al Composites Using Taguchi Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 353-358
Author(s):  
K. Vinoth Babu ◽  
J.T. Winowlin Jappes ◽  
T.P.D. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Outer Periphery ◽  
Coated Carbide

The present investigation is on the fabrication of SiC particles reinforced aluminum functionally graded disc and optimization of drilling process parameters using Taguchi method. The primary processing of A356-20%SiCpcomposite have been carried out by liquid metal stir casting technique followed by centrifugal casting leading to the formation of a functionally graded Al FGM disc with SiC particles segregating towards the outer periphery of the casting. The composite specimens are heat treated and used for the drilling studies. Taguchi method has been used to find the optimal drilling parameters for surface roughness and thrust force during drilling. The Taguchi Orthogonal arrays, signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to study the performance characteristics in drilling operations of FGMMC using TiAlN coated carbide tools. The drilling parameters like cutting speed, feed and point angle in three different zones (15, 45, and 75 mm from the outer periphery) of FGMMC are optimized with considerations of surface roughness and thrust force.

In vitro comparison of conventional surgical and rotary ultrasonic bone drilling techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Gupta ◽  
Ravinder Pal Singh ◽  
Pulak M Pandey ◽  
Ravi Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Thermal Necrosis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Drill Diameter

In orthopedic and trauma surgical operations, drilling of bone is one of the commonly used procedures performed in hospitals and is a clinical practice for fixing the fractured parts of human bones. Force, torque and temperature play a significant role during the bone drilling and decide the stability of the medical implants. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize force, torque and temperature while drilling to avoid the thermal necrosis and osteosynthesis. This study focused on studying the influence of various types of bone drilling parameters (rotational speed, feed rate, drill diameter and ultrasonic amplitude), tools (solid tool, hollow tool and conventional twist drill bit) and techniques (conventional surgical drilling, rotary ultrasonic bone drilling and rotary bone drilling) on force, torque, temperature and microcracks produced in the drilled surface of the bone. The experimental investigations were conducted on porcine bone samples to perform the comparative study. Results revealed that increasing the diameter of drill tool and feed rate results in the increase in force, torque and temperature, while low rotational speed (500 r/min) generated a low temperature, high cutting force and torque for all types of drilling processes and tools evaluated in this study. Experimental results also revealed that rotary ultrasonic bone drilling with hollow tool generated the lowest cutting force, torque, temperature (<47 °C) and microcracks in the drilled surface of the bone as compared to the other four types of drilling techniques evaluated in this study. Influence of external irrigation technique on temperature was also studied with respect to the rotary ultrasonic bone drilling with a hollow tool, which could eliminate the problem of thermal necrosis. In conclusion, this study revealed that the rotary ultrasonic bone drilling process with hollow tool produced lesser cutting force as compared to rotary bone drilling and conventional surgical drilling for hollow and solid tools. The study also revealed that rotary ultrasonic bone drilling process has the potential to minimize the cutting force, torque and temperature as compared to the conventional surgical drilling for orthopedic surgery.

Effects of rotary ultrasonic bone drilling on cutting force and temperature in the human bones

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (8) ◽  
pp. 829-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Pal Singh ◽  
Pulak Mohan Pandey ◽  
Chittaranjan Behera ◽  
Asit Ranjan Mridha
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drill Diameter

Efficacy and outcomes of osteosynthesis depend on various factors including types of injury and repair, host factors, characteristics of implant materials and type of implantation. One of the most important host factors appears to be the extent of bone damage due to the mechanical force and thermal injury which are produced at cutting site during bone drilling. The temperature above the critical temperature (47 °C) produces thermal osteonecrosis in the bones. In the present work, experimental investigations were performed to determine the effect of drilling parameters (rotational speed, feed rate and drill diameter) and techniques (conventional surgical bone drilling and rotary ultrasonic bone drilling) on cutting force and temperature generated during bone drilling. The drilling experiments were performed by a newly developed bone drilling machine on different types of human bones (femur, tibia and fibula) having different biological structure and mechanical behaviour. The bone samples were procured from male cadavers with the age of second to fourth decades. The results revealed that there was a significant difference ( p < 0.05) in cutting force and temperature rise for rotary ultrasonic bone drilling and conventional surgical bone drilling. The cutting force obtained in rotary ultrasonic bone drilling was 30%–40%, whereas temperature generated was 50%–55% lesser than conventional surgical bone drilling process for drilling in all types of bones. It was also found that the cutting force increased with increasing feed rate, drill diameter and decrease in rotational speed, whereas increasing rotational speed, drill diameter and feed rate resulted in higher heat generation during bone drilling. Both the techniques revealed that the axial cutting force and the temperature rise were significantly higher in femur and tibia compared with the fibula for all combinations of process parameters.

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