A Survey on Future Generation Wireless Communications-6G: Requirements, Technologies, Challenges and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 3067-3076
Keyword(s):  
Future Generation ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
New Perspective

Within the last few decades, wireless connectivity has experienced an exponential growth. With far more features than 4G communications, next-generation (5G) will soon be available worldwide. In the year 2027 to 2030, the sixth- generation (6G) wireless system, fully supported by artificial intelligence, will become the dominant paradigm for wireless communication. Beyond 5G, the main factors to consider are higher system capacity, greater data rates, reduced latency, enhanced security, and improved quality of service (QoS) compared to current 5G systems. In this paper, we describe the strategy for future 6G wireless networks, emerging technologies and the architecture within which they will operate. This paper focuses on key performance indicators, applications, new services, and key technologies that could enable 6G networks. By presenting a new perspective on future research directions, this article will make a significant contribution to future research directions.

scholarly journals Computational Techniques for Eye Movements Analysis towards Supporting Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Beltrán ◽  
Mireya S. García-Vázquez ◽  
Jenny Benois-Pineau ◽  
Luis Miguel Gutierrez-Robledo ◽  
Jean-François Dartigues
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Tools And Techniques

An opportune early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) would help to overcome symptoms and improve the quality of life for AD patients. Research studies have identified early manifestations of AD that occur years before the diagnosis. For instance, eye movements of people with AD in different tasks differ from eye movements of control subjects. In this review, we present a summary and evolution of research approaches that use eye tracking technology and computational analysis to measure and compare eye movements under different tasks and experiments. Furthermore, this review is targeted to the feasibility of pioneer work on developing computational tools and techniques to analyze eye movements under naturalistic scenarios. We describe the progress in technology that can enhance the analysis of eye movements everywhere while subjects perform their daily activities and give future research directions to develop tools to support early AD diagnosis through analysis of eye movements.

Business-IT Alignment Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jia ◽  
Nianxin Wang ◽  
Shilun Ge
Keyword(s):  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Intellectual Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
It Alignment ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Business It Alignment ◽  
New Perspective

The purpose of this article is to portray the knowledge evolution paths of business-IT alignment (BITA) research and identify a set of important papers in the development of BITA, and elucidate the intellectual structure of this field. This study collected 309 papers published during the period 1983-2015 from the Web of Science (WOS) database. Using a variety of bibliometric and visualization analytic techniques such as citation analysis, co-citation analysis and main path analysis, this article (1) delineates the significant knowledge flows of BITA research and identifies 15 important papers in this field; (2) graphically maps the influential countries, institutions, and journals of BITA research; (3) identifies four major research themes: BITA model, measurement, antecedents, and dynamics, and visualizing the relationships among them. Based on these findings, recommendations for the future research directions have suggested. This article provides IT practitioners, executives, and scholars with a new perspective to get a better understanding of BITA.

Throughput Dependence on SNR in IEEE802.11 WLAN Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 1307-1323
Author(s):  
Ikponmwosa Oghogho
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Future Research Directions

This chapter seeks to present the dependence of throughput on signal to noise ratio (SNR) in IEEE802.11 WLAN systems. High throughput and low delays are presented as the requirements for indicating good performance of WLAN systems. The multiple communication data rates specified by the physical layer of IEEE802.11 WLANs which vary depending on the SNR observed is shown to appreciably influence the throughput experienced by the users. Cross-layer modelling principles which simplifies the process of estimating the dependence of throughput on SNR is presented. Recent research findings which apply cross-layer modelling principles to model the dependence of throughput on SNR only is presented along with future research directions.

Extending Workflows for Knowledge Flow Automation

2012 ◽  
pp. 199-211
Author(s):  
Surendra Sarnikar ◽  
J. Leon Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Knowledge Flow ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Workflow Technology ◽  
Workflow Systems ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Seamless Transfer

Effective execution of business processes also requires the provisioning of relevant knowledge to workers in various business contexts. Knowledge flow automation aims to enable seamless transfer of knowledge by supporting the capture and sharing of organizational knowledge related to business processes. Given the strong correlation between the flow of work and the flow of knowledge, workflow systems are a natural platform for supporting knowledge flow. However, existing workflow technology does not yet provide the needed mechanisms suitable for supporting knowledge flow. This chapter presents an overview of different types of workflow-based knowledge management systems that provide knowledge workers with the required knowledge while supporting the flow of work. In addition, a new perspective is presented on extending workflows to support knowledge transfer processes by introducing the concept of “knowledge workflows” and outline future research directions in this area.

Science for All through Reflective Interactions

2012 ◽  
pp. 102-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Neakrase ◽  
H. Prentice Baptiste ◽  
Ashley N. Ryan ◽  
Elsa Q. Villa
Keyword(s):  
Science Classroom ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Science Content ◽  
Science Concept ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Individual

One of the goals of science education is to ensure that the discipline of science is accessible to all individuals. By many organizations this has been termed “Science for All,” and those who promote this idea also advocate the connection to science literacy. Teaching science in the online environment has been one way to offer science content to many different individuals, who do not necessarily need to be in the same location. Discourse in the science classroom is framed under situated cognition theory, whereby interactions between individuals are part of the normal culture of the classroom. For science knowledge to be adequately constructed by a student these interactions must be meaningful ones. This is especially important in an online science course where typically learning occurs through interactions between the students and the instructor, the students with one another, and within the individual themselves. As part of these online interactions, good reflective practice includes the different forms of feedback and the quality of this feedback. However, even with quality reflective interactions, there are barriers to science concept construction in an online environment. These barriers are discussed, and future research directions are suggested based on this review.

scholarly journals Galling phenomena in metal forming

Friction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuniaki Dohda ◽  
Masahito Yamamoto ◽  
Chengliang Hu ◽  
Laurent Dubar ◽  
Kornel F. Ehmann
Keyword(s):  
Metal Forming ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Bulk Metal ◽  
Engineered Surfaces ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

AbstractGalling phenomena in metal forming not only affect the quality of the engineered surfaces but also the success or failure of the manufacturing operation itself. This paper reviews the different galling conditions in sheet and bulk metal forming processes along with their evolution and the effects of temperature on galling. A group of anti-galling methods employed to prevent galling defects are also presented in detail. The techniques for quantitatively measuring galling are introduced, and the related prediction models, including friction, wear, and galling growth models, are presented to better understand the underlying phenomena. Galling phenomena in other processes similar to those occurring in metal forming are also examined to suggest different ways of further studying galling in metal forming. Finally, future research directions for the study of galling in metal forming are suggested.

scholarly journals Better Sleep Experience for the Critically Ill: A Comprehensive Strategy for Designing Hospital Soundscapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Birdja ◽  
Elif Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Strategy ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Knowledge Deficits

In this paper, the sleep phenomenon is considered in relation to critical care soundscapes with the intention to inform hospital management, medical device producers and policy makers regarding the complexity of the issue and possible modes of design interventions. We propose a comprehensive strategy based on soundscape design approach that facilitates a systematic way of tackling the auditory quality of critical care settings in favor of better patient sleep experience. Future research directions are presented to tackle the knowledge deficits in designing for critical care soundscapes that cater for patient sleep. The need for scientifically-informed design interventions for improving patient sleep experience in critical care is highlighted. The value of the soundscape design approach for resolving other sound-induced problems in critical care and how the approach allows for patient-centred innovation that is beyond the immediate sound issue are further discussed.

Maturing and Aging Together

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miri Scharf
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Future Research Directions

Relatively little research has examined the grandparent–adult grandchild relationship, although these relationships might play a more significant role than in the past, possibly impacting grandchildren’s development and the adjustment of both parties. This chapter reviews different theoretical perspectives related to this bond and presents the special flavor of this bond during emerging adulthood resulting from the different developmental trajectories of grandparents and grandchildren that mutually influence one another. Empirical findings demonstrating large variation both within and between families regarding frequency of contact and quality of the relations are presented, as well as various contextual and demographic variables that might mediate and moderate these variations. Finally, the importance of studying this bond, future research directions, and possible implications are discussed.

Locomotor economy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Physically Challenged

Chapter 21 presents and synthesizes research findings related to various aspects of locomotor economy during the childhood and adolescent years. Because the majority of research has been conducted on walking and running, the material presented in this chapter will focus exclusively on these modes of gait. It concludes by proposing future research directions to guide sport scientists, coaches, and clinicians in their quest to understand the factors responsible for efficient locomotion in children, improve the athletic performance of youngsters, and enhance the functional mobility and quality of life of physically challenged youth.

scholarly journals Moving to the Edge-Cloud-of-Things: Recent Advances and Future Research Directions

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Bangui ◽  
Said Rakrak ◽  
Said Raghay ◽  
Barbora Buhnova
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Cloud computing has significantly enhanced the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) by ensuring and supporting the Quality of Service (QoS) of IoT applications. However, cloud services are still far from IoT devices. Notably, the transmission of IoT data experiences network issues, such as high latency. In this case, the cloud platforms cannot satisfy the IoT applications that require real-time response. Yet, the location of cloud services is one of the challenges encountered in the evolution of the IoT paradigm. Recently, edge cloud computing has been proposed to bring cloud services closer to the IoT end-users, becoming a promising paradigm whose pitfalls and challenges are not yet well understood. This paper aims at presenting the leading-edge computing concerning the movement of services from centralized cloud platforms to decentralized platforms, and examines the issues and challenges introduced by these highly distributed environments, to support engineers and researchers who might benefit from this transition.

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