The Bases of Development Policy (Presidential Address)

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (4I) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Development Economics ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Free Market Capitalism ◽  
The Government

Development economics seeks to isolate the elemental forces at work in developing countries that raise per capita income, initially and then continuously, by exploiting fully the inter-industry and inter-sectoral network of economies of scale, externalities, and complementarities; it also analyses the key factors that decide a fair distribution of the fruits of economic progress, and those which enhance human happiness more directly. The process of economic development is seen as complex, even mysterious; which must be tackled by conscious planning where coordination failures are threatening, and through the market mechanism if information problems are daunting. Yet a persistent theme in economic literature has been one of denial of the (marginal) utility of development economics. Essentially, most of these “arguments” against development economics are nothing more than a thinly disguised championing of the ideology of free-market capitalism and neo-classical economics as the ultimate truths about the economic universe [Heilbroner (1990)]. They are a frame of thought into which development economics would not fit “naturally”. As one would expect, these views about development economics have not gone unchallenged. But the main issue is far from settled. I, therefore, restate here the case for development economics to make sure that development policy is saved from the revages of an incompatible liberalist philosophy. I would concentrate on issues related to the acknowledged mainsprings of economic progress, and those related to the relationship between trade and growth and the interface of the government and the market. Finally, I would like to emphasise the need to acquire an overarching ethical vision in order to identify the ends of economic progress and to order the means to achieve them.

scholarly journals Ekonomi Dan Penguasa (Pemikiran Ibn Taimiyah tentang Mekanisme Pasar)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Syarial Dedi
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government

The classical scholars not only focus on the issue of ritual worship, but also pay attention to the economic problems of society and even indicated theories of modern conventional economics is the adoption of the results of their thinking. One of them is Ibn Taymiyyah. Its has inspired the market mechanism. Prices are handed over to businesses naturally, without being interfered with by the government. On the other hand religion gives authority to the government that must be obeyed by the ruler in taking care of them. This study uses the method of literature with the conclusion that in the free market, the price is considered by the strength of supply and demand. Free market runs fair, reasonable, likes the same likes and no distortion. However, the market mechanism is not always running perfectly, often distortion occurs. In this condition, the state's role as the supervisor of development morality is needed to make people aware that moral norms and ethical values are very important as the principle of development that must be implemented in the life of the economy. This means that Ibn Taymiyya'hs economic thought is in line with the duties and authorities of the ruler.

scholarly journals Dinamika Pola Pemasaran Gabah dan Beras di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudi Mardianto ◽  
Yana Supriyatna ◽  
Nur Khoiriyah Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
New Order ◽  
Preference Change ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Rice Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Highly Correlated

<strong>English</strong><br />Rice and unhusked rice marketing systems are highly correlated with farmers’ income. The paper discusses rice and unhusked rice marketing patterns in Indonesia and observes the function of each channel in details. Food marketing system is affected by the government policy, but how the government intervenes in a market is still debatable. Types and targets of the government’s intervention in market mechanism are different between the developing and developed countries. Currently the consumers’ preference changes from purchasing rice as a commodity to rice as a product. It should satisfy the following criteria, namely containing certain nutrients, low glucose content, and organic product. The consumers’ preference change results in rice marketing patterns, which are segmented into income groups. At farm level, however, unhusked rice and rice marketing patterns do not change significantly. The paper describes marketing patterns in three regions in Indonesia during the controlled price (New Order) period and free market era. Rice policy in the country is highly correlated with Bulog. Thus, role of and results achieved by Bulog are presented.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Sistem pemasaran gabah dan beras memiliki keterkaitan yang cukup erat dengan tingkat pendapatan petani. Makalah ini mengkaji tentang pola pemasaran gabah dan beras di Indonesia untuk melihat secara lebih mendalam fungsi dari masing-masing tingkatan perdagangan gabah dan beras. Sistem pemasaran pangan tidak terlepas dari peranan pemerintah, namun bagaimana peranan pemerintah dalam suatu pasar seharusnya masih menjadi polemik. Bentuk dan sasaran intervensi pemerintah dalam mekanisme pasar tersebut bervariasi antara negara maju dengan negara berkembang. Dewasa ini mulai terjadi perubahan preferensi konsumen yang tidak lagi sekedar membeli beras sebagai komoditas, namun mulai bergeser ke arah beras yang dipandang sebagai produk, yakni yang mengandung nutrisi tertentu, kandungan glukosa yang rendah dan proses produksi yang tidak menggunakan bahan kimia. Perubahan preferensi konsumen tersebut berdampak terhadap pola pemasaran beras yang tersegmentasi menurut kelas-kelas pendapatan konsumen. Berkaitan dengan pola pemasaran gabah dan beras, hingga saat ini pola pemasaran gabah dan beras di tingkat petani tidak mengalami perubahan yang berarti. Untuk membuktikan hal tersebut, maka diuraikan perkembangan pola pemasaran di tiga daerah di Indonesia pada periode harga terkendali (Orde Baru) dan periode pasar bebas. Kebijakan perberasan di Indonesia juga sangat terkait dengan Bulog, sehingga peranan dan hasil-hasil yang telah dicapai oleh Bulog relevan untuk disajikan.

scholarly journals Epistemological Problems Of Development Economics

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-93
Author(s):  
Victor Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Development Economics ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Dynamic Efficiency ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of

This article explores some of the epistemological problems that have been neglected in the history of mainstream development economics. The research is focused on how epistemology influences the conception of develop- ment and the role of the economist in development policy. The epistemological foundations of economics and its methodological and theoretical implications were analyzed first. Then, these points of view were connected to explain the rise of development economics as a purely technical field. The main develop-ment theories were contrasted with empirical evidence to reveal their disregard for reality. Furthermore, the Austrian theory of dynamic efficiency was pre-sented to overcome the epistemological problems of development economics. The results helped in redefining the concept of development based on purpose-ful human action. Finally, some patterns of economic progress were identified to challenge the mainstream role of the economist in development policy. Keywords: Epistemology, Positivism, Development, Dynamic Efficiency, Prop-erty rights, Capital-theory JEL Classification: B41, B53, O11, O12 Resumen: Este artículo explora algunos de los problemas epistemológicos que se han descuidado en la historia de la economía del desarrollo convencional. La investigación se centra en cómo la epistemología influye en la concepción del desarrollo y el papel del economista en la política de desarrollo. Primero se analizaron los fundamentos epistemológicos de la economía y sus  implica- ciones metodológicas y teóricas. Luego, estos puntos de vista fueron conectados para explicar el surgimiento de la economía del desarrollo como un campo puramente técnico. Las principales teorías del desarrollo fueron con-trastadas con evidencia empírica para revelar su desprecio por la realidad. Además, se presentó la teoría austriaca de la eficiencia dinámica para superar los problemas epistemológicos de la economía del desarrollo. Los resultados ayudaron a redefinir el concepto de desarrollo basado en la acción humana decidida. Finalmente, se identificaron algunos patrones de progreso econó-mico para desafiar el papel convencional del economista en la política de desarrollo. Palabras clave: Epistemología, Positivismo, Desarrollo, Eficiencia Dinámica, Dere-chos de propiedad, Teoría del capital Clasificación JEL: B41, B53, O11, O12

Development Economics: The Winds of Change (Presidential Address)

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (4I) ◽  
pp. 341-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Development Economics ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Mainstream Economics ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
Per Capita

Ever since its birth as a new discipline, development economics has experienced the heights of universal acclaim as a pioneer (ready to slay the dragon of poverty single-handed) as well as the depths of a heretic isolation (as an outsider to the realm of mainstream economics). Between these two views a consensus is emerging that there is a role, though a reduced one, for development economics. This role exists because the concern for growth and distribution, though in the very veins of mainstream economics, has been highlighted fully only by development economics. However, it is a somewhat reduced role because a greater recognition of the (marginal) utility of free markets, in place of an overly interventionist state - which requires it to speak the language of neo-classical economics, makes it difficult for it to differentiate its 'products' from those offered by others. There also appears to be a changing perception about the key variable(s) that development economics should focus on: the ends of development (i.e., improving the welfare of the people) rather than the means of achieving it (i.e., the growth of per capita income); a more comprehensive indicator of development composed of such components as longevity and literacy, rather than just per capita income; human capital rather than just physical capital to account for the positive contribution of educati0n and health to economic growth; the gains from international trade, instead of looking a. it as an instrument of exploitation of the 'periphery' by the 'centre'; the central role of total factor productivity in achieving high rates of economic growth; and so on.

The Anatomy of 'Failures' (Presidential Address)

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-274
Author(s):  
Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Development Economics ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Needy

Development economics, in its bid to attract the attention of the somewhat unchivalrous economists, has worn many masks in the intellectual ball that has been going on since 1950. And it has indeed been variously recognized by the dazzled economists - as a relentless pursuer of growth at all cost, Arthur Lewis (1954); a passionate advocate of economic justice and a purveyor of basic needs for the poor and the needy, Paul Street en (1981); a crusader against 'dependency' on some real or abstract centre, Samir Amin (1976); a revolutionary with a cause to eliminate the last traces of imperialism, feudalism and capitalism, Paul Baran (1952); a tame &alancer of growth, equity and individual liberty, Hollis B. Chenery (1983); and a pretender to the throne in a realm that rightly belongs to neo-classical economics, Deepak Lal (1983).

The Legacy of Iraq

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Free Market Capitalism ◽  
Market Capitalism

This book critically reflects on the failure of the 2003 intervention to turn Iraq into a liberal democracy, underpinned by free-market capitalism, its citizens free to live in peace and prosperity. The book argues that mistakes made by the coalition and the Iraqi political elite set a sequence of events in motion that have had devastating consequences for Iraq, the Middle East and for the rest of the world. Today, as the nation faces perhaps its greatest challenge in the wake of the devastating advance of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and another US-led coalition undertakes renewed military action in Iraq, understanding the complex and difficult legacies of the 2003 war could not be more urgent. Ignoring the legacies of the Iraq War and denying their connection to contemporary events could mean that vital lessons are ignored and the same mistakes made again.

A Tale of Two Hands' (Presidential Address)

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-245
Author(s):  
Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Development Economics ◽  
World View ◽  
Presidential Address

This may not be the "worst of times" for the discipline of development economics, but this is also not the "best of times" for it. The discipline, rocked by a kind of schizophrenia that its votaries appear to be suffering from, is undergoing a painful, though not necessarily a Kafkaesque, metamorphosis. The consensus of the decades of the Fifties and Sixties about the nature and legitimacy of the discipline and about its 'world-view' has been seriously strained - indeed, according to some 'observers', already broken down. While the defenders of the faith [27; 36; 48] refuse to surrender, some of its erstwhile votaries [11] wish to force on the discipline a Carthaginian peace. And the dissenters [3; 24] have subjected its predictions and prescriptions to the "slings and arrows of outrageous fortune."

In Pursuit of a New Paradigm (Presidential Address)

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4I) ◽  
pp. 337-365
Author(s):  
Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Development Economics ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Good News ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
The Subject

After 40 years of its birth, development economics has come to be widely accepted - without universal acclaim. In sharp contrast to some pessimistic evaluations of the subject, the academic community has granted it the right to a separate existence. But the recognition has not come easy. From the first full-length evaluation of the discipline by Chenery (1965), in which he looks at it as a variation on the classical theme of comparative advantage, to Stem's (1989) sympathetic review of the contributions that the discipline has made to the state of economic knowledge, development economics has experienced many a vicissitude - both the laurels of glory and the "arrows of outrageous fortune". But, finally, it has become an industry in its own right, of which not only social profitability but also 'private' profitability appears to be strictly positive: the publishing industry continues to patronize it and publish full-length books on the subject. Four decades of development experience, the production of massive cross-country and time-series data about a large number of development variables, the construction of large macro-economic models and fast-running computers, and the application of mathematical methods, have all combined to lay the foundations of a theoretically rigorous and policy-relevant development paradigm, which is gradually replacing the old one. All this is good news for development economists, who can now afford not only bread but also some butter for their daily parsnips .

The Importance of Being Defunct (Presidential Address)

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-234
Author(s):  
Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Development Economics ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Founding Fathers

For development economists these arc the days of great expectations. Development economics as a discipline, born only three decades ago, has come to stay, notwithstanding the threats to its existence issued openly by such friends as Schultz [63], Bauer [2], Little [44], and Lal [39]. New theoretical constructs have been devised and novel empirical studies done to comprehend better the forces of change in developing countries. While of late there may not have been great festivity in the realm of ideas, the force of circumstances has widened the problem canvas of development economics and has opened up new vistas for economists to explore- much beyond the expectations of its founding fathers. Also notwithstanding the great diversity in the experience of individual countries, development economists may legitimately draw some comfort from the thought that their ideas have changed the developing world for the better.

WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA: EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN HAZARIBAG DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Ms. Niharika ◽  
Prof. M. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
The Government

Women are the dynamic segment and the most vibrant as well as potentially most valuable human resources. Women Empowerment has gained importance in india in the wake of economic liberalization, privatization and globalization.. The policy and institutional framework for developing entrepreneurial skills ,providing vocational training and education has widened the horizon for empowerment of women economically. In order to provide vocational training and education , skill training, entrepreneurship development to the emerging workforce, the Government of India has also introduced National Skill Development Policy and National skill Development Mission in 2009. This article explores the empowerment of women through skill development and vocational training programs. The results shows that skill development programs play a key role in empowering the rural women and the women also look positively towards income generating programs. KEYWORDS- Women Empowerment, Skill Development, Vocational Training, Government

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