scholarly journals Mother’s Health-seeking Behaviour and Childhood Mortality in Pakistan

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4II) ◽  
pp. 719-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mustafa Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Child Mortality Rate

The paper examines the Mother’s Health-seeking Behaviour and Childhood Mortality in Pakistan. This is based on the 1990-91 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS), a nationally representative survey covering all four provinces of the country. It was found that neonatal, infant, and child mortality rate is the highest among children of mothers aged less than 20 years. Infant and Child mortality rate is likewise higher among first and higher order births than among births of second or third order. It has further found that mortality declines as the length of the birth interval increases. The results reveal that the education of mother has significant effect on the neonatal, infant and child survival, as mother’s education increases the chances of survival of neonatal, infant and child also increases. Health care factors such as antenatal care, place of delivery, assistance at delivery and immunisation also influenced neonatal, infant and child mortality. The paper suggests that for the improvement of the health conditions of children in Pakistan, first, it is necessary that the educational status of the population in general, and of mothers in particular, should be improved, and second, the health services should be accessible and available for the promotion of health care practices.

scholarly journals Trends in the association between educational assortative mating, infant and child mortality in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolulope Ariyo ◽  
Quanbao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
High Education ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Educational Assortative Mating

Abstract Background Existing knowledge has established the connection between maternal education and child survival, but little is known about how educational assortative mating (EAM), relates to childhood mortality. We attempt to examine this association in the context of Nigeria. Methods Data was obtained from the 2008, 2013, and 2018 waves of the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, which is a cross-sectional study. The sample includes the analysis of 72,527 newborns within the 5 years preceding each survey. The dependent variables include the risk of a newborn dying before 12 months of age (infant mortality), or between the age of 12–59 months (child mortality). From the perspective of the mother, the independent variable, EAM, includes four categories (high-education homogamy, low-education homogamy, hypergamy, and hypogamy). The Cox proportional hazard regression was employed for multivariate analyses, while the estimation of mortality rates across the spectrum of EAM was obtained through the synthetic cohort technique. Results The risk of childhood mortality varied across the spectrum of EAM and was particularly lowest among those with high-education homogamy. Compared to children of mothers in low-education homogamy, children of mothers in high-education homogamy had 25, 31 to 19% significantly less likelihood of infant mortality, and 34, 41, and 57% significantly less likelihood of child mortality in 2008, 2013 and 2018 survey data, respectively. Also, compared to children of mothers in hypergamy, children of mothers in hypogamous unions had 20, 12, and 11% less likelihood of infant mortality, and 27, 36, and 1% less likelihood of child mortality across 2008, 2013 and 2018 surveys, respectively, although not significant at p < 0.05. Both infant and child mortality rates were highest in low-education homogamy, as expected, lowest in high-education homogamy, and lower in hypogamy than in hypergamy. Furthermore, the trends in the rate declined between 2008 and 2018, and were higher in 2018 than in 2013. Conclusion This indicates that, beyond the absolute level of education, the similarities or dissimilarities in partners’ education may have consequences for child survival, alluding to the family system theory. Future studies could investigate how this association varies when marital status is put into consideration.

Determinants of Infant and Child Mortality in Periurban Areas of Kolkata city, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohini Ghosh ◽  
Premananda Bharati
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Safe Delivery ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Delivery Practices ◽  
Kolkata City

Recent Indian studies indicate stagnation in decline of child mortality, though various health care interventions were introduced during the last 2 decades. This study examined the rates of infant and child mortality and associated demographic and socioeconomic factors in 2 socioeconomically vulnerable populations, comprising 195 Munda and 334 Poundrakshatriya women having similar access to health care facilities in a periurban region of Kolkata city. Higher infant mortality rate (IMR) was noted in the older and younger Munda women, in contrast to lower IMR in younger Pod women. Child mortality rate was lower in younger women in both the ethnic groups. Stagnation in IMR in younger Munda women indicates poor delivery practices whereas lower rate among the Pod reflects better adoption of safe delivery practices. Differential association of factors with infant and child deaths in the 2 populations indicate that a better understanding of determinants in culturally heterogeneous populations at the community or household level is needed to develop more effective strategies for child survival and development.

scholarly journals Individual, Household and Community-Level Effects of Infant and Child Mortality in Nigeria: A Logistic Regression Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Simeon Olawuwo ◽  
N. Forcheh ◽  
S. Setlhare
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Individual

Research has shown that knowledge about the determinants of childhood mortality at the individual level is not enough to address the problem because the characteristics of the environment where a child is born tend to alter individual level characteristics and thereby affect child survival. The study used data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The fact that a child was either dead or alive was assumed to be accurately recorded. Hence, logistic regression model was used to model whether a child is dead or alive with respect to the selected predictor variables. Results from the study reveal that infant and child mortality in Nigeria is determined more by individual household than by community, and that geographical variations also exist. This study has identified significant risk factors that will help policy makers to formulate policies that will improve childhood survival.

scholarly journals Health status of children in ancient Sirmium

Starinar ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Miladinovic-Radmilovic ◽  
Vulovic Dragana ◽  
Ksenija Djukic
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
The Social ◽  
Haematological Disorders ◽  
Child Mortality Rate ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

This paper presents diseases which directly leave traces on osteological material (enamel hypoplasia, caries, traumatic conditions, haematological disorders, metabolic diseases and middle ear inflammation) and diseases that leave no visible marks on bones, and may indeed be the direct cause of death of children in ancient Sirmium. In paleodemographic research, child mortality rate is an important element of a population?s progress. Child mortality is considered an adequate criterion for the social and sanitation conditions of a community and a sensitive indicator of inadequate nutrition.

scholarly journals The burden of anthropometric failure and child mortality in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Khan ◽  
Sumit Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
District Level ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality

AbstractThe public health burden of nutritional deficiency and child mortality is the major challenge India is facing upfront. In this context, using National Family Health Survey, 2015–16 data, this study estimated rate of composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) among Indian children by their population characteristics, across states and examined the multilevel contextual determinants. We further investigated district level burden of infant and child mortality in terms of multiple anthropometric failure prevalence across India. The multilevel analysis confirms a significant state, district and PSU level variation in the prevalence of anthropometric failures. Factors like- place of residence, household’s economic wellbeing, mother’s educational attainment, age, immunization status and drinking water significantly determine the different forms of multiple anthropometric failures. Wealth status of the household and mother’s educational status show a clear gradient in terms of the estimated odds ratios. The district level estimation of infant and child mortality demonstrates that districts with higher burden of multiple anthropometric failures show elevated risk of infant and child mortality. Unlike previous studies, this study does not use the conventional indices, instead considered the CIAF to identify the exact and severe form of undernutrition among Indian children and the associated nexus with infant and child mortality at the district level.

scholarly journals Differences in infant and child mortality before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: a large population-based ecological study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e022737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Tashiro ◽  
Kayako Sakisaka ◽  
Etsuji Okamoto ◽  
Honami Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Before And After

ObjectivesTo examine associations between access to medical care, geological data, and infant and child mortality in the area of North-Eastern Japan that was impacted by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (GEJET) in 2011.DesignA population-based ecological study using publicly available data.SettingTwenty secondary medical areas (SMAs) in the disaster-affected zones in the north-eastern prefectures of Japan (Iwate, Fukushima and Miyagi). Participants: Children younger than 10 years who died in the 20 SMAs between 2008 and 2014 (n=1 748). Primary and secondary outcome measures: Multiple regression analysis for infant and child mortality rate. The mean values were applied for infant and child mortality rates and other factors before GEJET (2008–2010) and after GEJET (2012–2014).ResultsBetween 2008 and 2014, the most common cause of death among children younger than 10 years was accidents. The mortality rate per 100 000 persons was 39.1±41.2 before 2011, 226.7±43.4 in 2011 and 31.4±39.1 after 2011. Regression analysis revealed that the mortality rate was positively associated with low age in each period, while the coastal zone was negatively associated with fewer disaster base hospitals in 2011. By contrast, the number of obstetrics and gynaecology centres (β=−189.9, p=0.02) and public health nurses (β=−1.7, p=0.01) was negatively associated with mortality rate per person in 2011.ConclusionsIn 2011, the mortality rate among children younger than 10 years was 6.4 times higher than that before and after 2011. Residence in a coastal zone was significantly associated with higher child mortality rates.

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