scholarly journals Rural Poverty and Land Degradation: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1053-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Jehangir Malik ◽  
Hina Nazli
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

By highlighting the lack of rigorous evidence and calling for a greater understanding of the interaction of the two processes, a recent study [Nelson et al. (1997)] has called into question the strong perception that poverty is both a consequence as well as a cause of resource degradation.1 This perception which is widely held is strongly evident in the writings of the multilateral development agencies such as the World Bank (1990) and IFAD (1992) and exists despite extensive reviews which indicate that the short- and long-term implications of land degradation are not very clear [see Scherr and Yadav (1995)]. Similarly, while knowledge about poverty is expanding rapidly, thanks in large parts to the massive international focus and resources brought to bear on its understanding in the past ten.........................

scholarly journals Skills Gap, Innovation, and Firms Performance in Zambia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Yordanos Gebremeskel ◽  
Bupe Simuchimba ◽  
Chonzi Mulenga
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Skills Gap ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovation Model ◽  
Skilled Workforce ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This study examines the interaction between employees’ skill, innovation and firm’s performance. A skilled labour force has a significant impact on the innovation, performance and long-term competitiveness of the firm. Due to a weak educational system coupled with limited training facilities, most Zambian firms still face challenges in acquiring the required skilled workforce. The World Bank Skills Survey Zambia 2016 is used for the empirical analysis on 350 small, medium, and large enterprises. A binomial logit model is used for the innovation model and OLS regression model for performance measurement. We employ sales growth as a measure of firm performance. The results show that the number of professional & skilled employees and trainings were important factors of innovation. Furthermore, we find that innovation and location have an impact on the firms’ performance as measured by sales growth.

A Company Odyssey in the South

2020 ◽  
pp. 257-273
Author(s):  
Philippe D’Iribarne ◽  
Sylvie Chevrier ◽  
Alain Henry ◽  
Jean-Pierre Segal ◽  
Geneviève Tréguer-Felten
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
A Company

This chapter recounts the successive reforms experienced over almost thirty years by the Cameroon Electricity Corporation. Its history is emblematic of the issues facing companies in emerging countries. First of all, it illustrates the remarkable permanence, over the long term, of a set of Cameroonian cultural traits. However, these national culture specificities have only been addressed episodically during successive modernizations. The first part summarizes the analyses carried out in the early 1990s on the ‘hyper-centralization’ of the company and the subsequent implementation of a detailed procedures manual to reduce it. The second part displays the disappointing results of the universal management solutions later applied to comply with the privatization recommended by the World Bank. This story shows that changes in corporate culture are possible as long as they are in line with the persistent universes of cultural meanings.

MEASURING LONG-TERM COMMODITY-LEVEL TRADE COSTS: THE CASE OF ASIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250014
Author(s):  
SHINTARO HAMANAKA ◽  
ROMANA DOMINGO
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Trade Costs ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Business Data

Despite its several inherent weaknesses, Doing Business compiled by the World Bank is still the most widely used assessment of the trade facilitation status among developing country policymakers as well as economists. In this paper, we suggest that the use of trade costs calculated based on trade statistics in conjunction with Doing Business data is helpful in drawing up sector-specific trade facilitation policies. Unlike Doing Business, we can obtain long-term commodity-level trade costs if trade statistics are used.

scholarly journals Economic and Higher Education Partnership of Hungary and Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Magdolna Mandel ◽  
Anargul Belgibayeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Communications ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University

The aim of our research was to describe, compare, and analyze the development of business and educational co-operation between Kazakhstan and Hungary over the past 19 years. The research was prompted by the university-level co-operation between the two countries that star ted in 2018, which was made possible by the strategic partnership that is the topic of the present article. We started from the hypothesis that both business and educational co-operation has developed linearly and significantly during the last 19 years. Our research methodology was based on gathering and analyzing secondary macroeconomic, trade, and educational co-operation data in the period between 2011 and 2020. The data were obtained from publications, national offices (statistical, commerce, and education), and international bodies (like TempusPublic Foundation, Eurostat, International Monetary Fund [IMF], and the World Bank). In this paper, we intend to link the main political, social, and macroeconomic endowments with business and educational developments of partnership in the two countries, trying to map out prospects for co-operation. One conclusion is that, although in the political communications of the two countries we were able to identify significant governmental efforts on both sides to support and enforce economic and educational co-operation, the data indicate a decrease in the size of business investments. At the same time, however, the educational co-operation between the two parties continues to develop further.

The Concern and Contribution of the World Bank in Population Planning

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-718
Author(s):  
Kandiah Kanagaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Population Planning ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The World ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
High Population Growth

The World Bank shares the widespread conviction that high population growth rates present a long-term threat to world viability and interfere with present efforts to improve standards of living. In trying to do something about the problem the Bank is moving on three fronts: increasing world awareness of the problems created by surging population growth; focusing the attention of national leaders on the demographic situation of their countries; assisting countries which want Bank assistance in building institutions and programs that will enable them to influence the growth of their populations.

Rethinking the Left in Victory and Defeat: Introduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Michael Hanagan
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
New World ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Political Opportunity Structure ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Crystal Ball ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The collapse of neoliberalism since September and October of 2008 has been sudden and spectacular. The failure of the ideas sustaining the Washington Consensus and the practices of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund seems nearly complete. The new world we may be entering could have a dramatically different political opportunity structure than the old one. But what will take its place? What has the Left to offer? What has it learned in recent decades that have been filled with more defeats than victories? What will it have to offer right now when millions are seeking solutions? Our contributors possess no crystal ball. Our answers to these questions are framed historically. How have left movements learned from defeat in the past? What factors have enabled them to exploit moments of opportunity? Analyzing the immediate historical context to the present crisis, historians can suggest which measures promise the most hope of success and which seem doomed to failure. To this end, the papers in this collection concern themselves with left victory and defeat. They show that victory and defeat are more problematic than we might think. Each raises its own particular set of challenges and concerns.

scholarly journals INPUT–OUTPUT-BASED GENUINE VALUE ADDED AND GENUINE PRODUCTIVITY IN CHINA’S INDUSTRIAL SECTORS (1995–2010)

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (02) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
YUNING GAO ◽  
YUNFENG ZHENG ◽  
ANGANG HU
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Multifactor Productivity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
The World

This paper recalculates value added, capital formation, capital stock and related multifactor productivity in China’s industrial sectors by further developing the genuine savings method of the World Bank. The sector-level natural capital loss was calculated using China’s official input–output table and their extensions for tracing final consumers. The capital output elasticity in the productivity estimation was adjusted based on these tables. The results show that although the loss of natural capital in China’s industrial sectors in terms of value added has slowed, the impacts on their productivity during the past decades is still quite clear.

scholarly journals Learning from the Past: Investigating the Income Restoration Programs in the Resettlement Work Plans of Thilawa Special Economic Zone, Yangon, Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 251384
Author(s):  
Thu Htet
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Business Establishment ◽  
Economic Zone

This paper aims to investigate the Income Restoration Plans (IRPs) prepared in the previous Resettlement Work Plans (RWPs) of Thilawa Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Yangon, Myanmar, by employing three resettlement practices: JICA guidelines and the World Bank policies on resettlements (OP 4.12 and ESS 5) as benchmarks. There are three major objectives for this study: to observe the gaps between the resettlement policies and the practices, examine the potential shortcomings in the IRPs, and employ those lessons to improve future resettlement planning. Therefore, JICA and the World Bank policies on resettlements and the IRPs as described in the RWPs of Thilawa SEZs serve as important data sources used in this paper. The study found that IRPs lacked sufficient attention to address impoverishments and provide alternative sustainable livelihoods for the affected communities. First, the IRPs lacked assurances or guarantees on the employment status in/near SEZ areas for those whose livelihoods are affected and needed to secure alternative livelihoods. Second, they lacked sufficient support for those who would choose to be self-employed or establish a business enterprise. Third, there were shortcomings in the meaningful participation by the affected communities. Fourth, there was insufficient gender dimension incorporated into IRPs of the resettlement plan. Four policy recommendations are provided: assuring and guaranteeing the employment opportunities, providing infrastructure, technical and financial assistance for business establishment, deriving development opportunities and benefits from the project, and planning the planning process to become more inclusive and participatory.

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