scholarly journals Learning from the Past: Investigating the Income Restoration Programs in the Resettlement Work Plans of Thilawa Special Economic Zone, Yangon, Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 251384
Author(s):  
Thu Htet
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Business Establishment ◽  
Economic Zone

This paper aims to investigate the Income Restoration Plans (IRPs) prepared in the previous Resettlement Work Plans (RWPs) of Thilawa Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Yangon, Myanmar, by employing three resettlement practices: JICA guidelines and the World Bank policies on resettlements (OP 4.12 and ESS 5) as benchmarks. There are three major objectives for this study: to observe the gaps between the resettlement policies and the practices, examine the potential shortcomings in the IRPs, and employ those lessons to improve future resettlement planning. Therefore, JICA and the World Bank policies on resettlements and the IRPs as described in the RWPs of Thilawa SEZs serve as important data sources used in this paper. The study found that IRPs lacked sufficient attention to address impoverishments and provide alternative sustainable livelihoods for the affected communities. First, the IRPs lacked assurances or guarantees on the employment status in/near SEZ areas for those whose livelihoods are affected and needed to secure alternative livelihoods. Second, they lacked sufficient support for those who would choose to be self-employed or establish a business enterprise. Third, there were shortcomings in the meaningful participation by the affected communities. Fourth, there was insufficient gender dimension incorporated into IRPs of the resettlement plan. Four policy recommendations are provided: assuring and guaranteeing the employment opportunities, providing infrastructure, technical and financial assistance for business establishment, deriving development opportunities and benefits from the project, and planning the planning process to become more inclusive and participatory.

scholarly journals Economic and Higher Education Partnership of Hungary and Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Magdolna Mandel ◽  
Anargul Belgibayeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Communications ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University

The aim of our research was to describe, compare, and analyze the development of business and educational co-operation between Kazakhstan and Hungary over the past 19 years. The research was prompted by the university-level co-operation between the two countries that star ted in 2018, which was made possible by the strategic partnership that is the topic of the present article. We started from the hypothesis that both business and educational co-operation has developed linearly and significantly during the last 19 years. Our research methodology was based on gathering and analyzing secondary macroeconomic, trade, and educational co-operation data in the period between 2011 and 2020. The data were obtained from publications, national offices (statistical, commerce, and education), and international bodies (like TempusPublic Foundation, Eurostat, International Monetary Fund [IMF], and the World Bank). In this paper, we intend to link the main political, social, and macroeconomic endowments with business and educational developments of partnership in the two countries, trying to map out prospects for co-operation. One conclusion is that, although in the political communications of the two countries we were able to identify significant governmental efforts on both sides to support and enforce economic and educational co-operation, the data indicate a decrease in the size of business investments. At the same time, however, the educational co-operation between the two parties continues to develop further.

scholarly journals Rural Poverty and Land Degradation: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1053-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Jehangir Malik ◽  
Hina Nazli
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

By highlighting the lack of rigorous evidence and calling for a greater understanding of the interaction of the two processes, a recent study [Nelson et al. (1997)] has called into question the strong perception that poverty is both a consequence as well as a cause of resource degradation.1 This perception which is widely held is strongly evident in the writings of the multilateral development agencies such as the World Bank (1990) and IFAD (1992) and exists despite extensive reviews which indicate that the short- and long-term implications of land degradation are not very clear [see Scherr and Yadav (1995)]. Similarly, while knowledge about poverty is expanding rapidly, thanks in large parts to the massive international focus and resources brought to bear on its understanding in the past ten.........................

scholarly journals Does the “Belt and Road Initiative” Promote the Economic Growth of Participating Countries?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Xu ◽  
Yang ◽  
Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
The Belt And Road

With the slowdown of global economic growth, how to stimulate economic growth has become a hot topic in recent years. The “Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative,” as a newly proposed global economic stimulus plan, has attracted widespread attention from scholars. In this study, the research used the propensity score matching difference in difference (PSM-DID) method to evaluate whether the “B&R” Initiative has promoted the economic growth of the countries along the route. Objectively assessing the effect of its implementation is not only important for its completion and improvement in the future but also to verify whether the “B&R” Initiative promotes economic growth in participating countries. A logistic regression is constructed using the statistical data obtained by the World Bank on 110 countries from 2011 to 2016. The results show that the “B&R” Initiative has effectively promoted the rapid growth of the GDP of participating countries but the improvement of per capita GDP growth is not significant. Through the analysis of the selected variables, corresponding policy recommendations are proposed. Moreover, objective proofs are provided to encourage all the countries in the world to participate in the “B&R” Initiative.

Combating corruption in Cambodia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophal Ear
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical analysis and survey of Cambodia’s recent efforts to combat corruption. It explores the policy context, perceived extent of corruption, causes of corruption, anti-corruption measures, evaluates those anti-corruption measures, and provides policy recommendations. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews the literature on corruption and anti-corruption efforts in Cambodia. It relies on available data from the World Bank and Transparency International, and compares these data over time. Findings – The paper shows that corruption in Cambodia is pervasive and that anti-corruption efforts are limited because of a lack of political will. Existing anti-corruption measures designed with loopholes must be amended, but implementation remains the primary challenge. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the limited literature on combating corruption in Cambodia.

Rethinking the Left in Victory and Defeat: Introduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Michael Hanagan
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
New World ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Political Opportunity Structure ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Crystal Ball ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The collapse of neoliberalism since September and October of 2008 has been sudden and spectacular. The failure of the ideas sustaining the Washington Consensus and the practices of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund seems nearly complete. The new world we may be entering could have a dramatically different political opportunity structure than the old one. But what will take its place? What has the Left to offer? What has it learned in recent decades that have been filled with more defeats than victories? What will it have to offer right now when millions are seeking solutions? Our contributors possess no crystal ball. Our answers to these questions are framed historically. How have left movements learned from defeat in the past? What factors have enabled them to exploit moments of opportunity? Analyzing the immediate historical context to the present crisis, historians can suggest which measures promise the most hope of success and which seem doomed to failure. To this end, the papers in this collection concern themselves with left victory and defeat. They show that victory and defeat are more problematic than we might think. Each raises its own particular set of challenges and concerns.

scholarly journals INPUT–OUTPUT-BASED GENUINE VALUE ADDED AND GENUINE PRODUCTIVITY IN CHINA’S INDUSTRIAL SECTORS (1995–2010)

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (02) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
YUNING GAO ◽  
YUNFENG ZHENG ◽  
ANGANG HU
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Multifactor Productivity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
The World

This paper recalculates value added, capital formation, capital stock and related multifactor productivity in China’s industrial sectors by further developing the genuine savings method of the World Bank. The sector-level natural capital loss was calculated using China’s official input–output table and their extensions for tracing final consumers. The capital output elasticity in the productivity estimation was adjusted based on these tables. The results show that although the loss of natural capital in China’s industrial sectors in terms of value added has slowed, the impacts on their productivity during the past decades is still quite clear.

scholarly journals Paul Cook and Sarah Mosedale (eds.). Regulation, Markets and Poverty. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2007. Price not given.

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-176
Author(s):  
G. M. Arif
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Regulatory Governance ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
University Of Manchester ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programmes

Most developing countries have been pursuing structural adjustment programmes, driven by the World Bank and the IMF, for more than 25 years without initially recognising the importance of regulation for economic liberalisation. Without regulation, the potential advantages of liberalising markets were in danger of being diminished in terms of improved efficiency and welfare. As a consequence, new forms of regulation have been emerging that cover health, environment, industry, employment and so on. This book examines the concepts and theories that have driven these reforms and the particular contexts that have influenced and conditioned them. The research presented in the book was carried out at the Centre on Regulation and Competition (CRC), University of Manchester, the United Kingdom, over the past five years. It contains fourteen chapters organised in five parts: competition, regulatory governance, regulation, capacity building and poverty.

Syrian-Lebanese food shortages will drive instability

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Eu

Significance While Lebanon is experiencing what the World Bank dubbed “the worst economic crisis in more than a century”, civil war-torn Syria has been hit by one of the most severe droughts of the past decade. An estimated 77% of Lebanese households do not have enough food, and almost all Syrians suffer from reduced availability. Impacts Neighbouring countries such as Jordan and Turkey will be the first affected by any new migration wave. The EU may also see more migration from the Levant as a result of food insecurity. The return of Syrian refugees from Lebanon could increase pressure on the humanitarian aid sector in Syria. Israel may more tightly secure its Lebanese and Syrian borders for fear of spillover from rising tensions.

Conceptualizing Paradoxes of Post-Socialist Education in Kyrgyzstan

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. DeYoung
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Participation In Higher Education

Official government educational pronouncements and policy in the Kyrgyz Republic have called for wider access and participation in higher education as an essential part of the general strategy to build democracy and a market economy. The number of higher education institutions (vuzy) has increased from approximately 10 at the end of the Soviet period to 50 institutions, with over 200,000 students now in attendance. Various international statistical sources show that higher education enrollments peaked above 70% of secondary school graduates in the early 1990s. For the past decade, these figures are lower yet still substantial. UNDP reports between 53% and 63%, while the World Bank and UNESCO report between 41% and 45%. In any of these calculations, however, higher education enrollments in Kyrgyzstan have at least trebled since independence, which is even more remarkable considering that the Kyrgyz system of higher education has become almost entirely paid for by students and parents rather than by the national government.

The World Bank: Why It Is Still Needed and Why It Still Disappoints

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ravallion
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
Global Public Goods ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Does the World Bank still have an important role to play? How might it fulfill that role? The paper begins with a brief account of how the Bank works. It then argues that, while the Bank is no longer the primary conduit for capital from high-income to low-income countries, it still has an important role in supplying the public good of development knowledge—a role that is no less pressing today than ever. This argument is not a new one. In 1996, the Bank’s President at the time, James D. Wolfensohn, laid out a vision for the “knowledge bank,” an implicit counterpoint to what can be called the “lending bank.” The paper argues that the past rhetoric of the “knowledge bank” has not matched the reality. An institution such as the World Bank—explicitly committed to global poverty reduction—should be more heavily invested in knowing what is needed in its client countries as well as in international coordination. It should be consistently arguing for well-informed pro-poor policies in its member countries, tailored to the needs of each country, even when such policies are unpopular with the powers-that-be. It should also be using its financial weight, combined with its analytic and convening powers, to support global public goods. In all this, there is a continuing role for lending, but it must be driven by knowledge—both in terms of what gets done and how it is geared to learning. The paper argues that the Bank disappoints in these tasks but that it could perform better.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document