scholarly journals Characterisation of the nanotubular oxide layer formed on the ultrafine-grained titanium

10.30544/402 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Ranko Barjaktarević ◽  
Marko P. Rakin ◽  
Veljko R. Djokić
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Layer ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Anodization Process ◽  
Surface Modified

Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and titanium alloys are metallic implant materials usually used in dentistry and orthopaedics.  In order to improve implant properties, Ti-based materials may be surface modified by different procedures. One of the most attractive methods is electrochemical anodization, as a method for obtaining nanotubular oxide layer on the material surface, aiming at improving mechanical, biological and corrosion properties of the metallic biomaterials. In the present study, ultrafine-grained titanium (UFG cpTi) was obtained by high pressure torsion (HPT) under a pressure of 4.1 GPa with a rotational speed of 0.2 rpm, up to 5 rotations at room temperature. In order to form homogeneous nanotubular oxide layer on the UFG cpTi, the electrochemical anodization was performed in phosphoric acid containing 0.5 wt. % of NaF electrolyte during anodizing times of 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The characterisation of thus formed nanotubes was performed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the surface topography was analysed using the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results show that the electrochemical anodization process leads to an enhanced roughness of the surface. The mechanical behaviour of the UFG cpTi after the electrochemical anodization process is estimated using the nanoindentation technique. Obtained results show that anodized material has lower value of nanohardness than non-anodized material. Moreover, anodized UFG cpTi has lower modulus of elasticity than non-anodized UFG cpTi and the value is close to those observed in bones.

scholarly journals Anodization of Ti-based materials for biomedical applications: A review

10.30544/209 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana R. Barjaktarević ◽  
Ivana Lj. Cvijović‐Alagić ◽  
Ivana D. Dimić ◽  
Veljko R. Đokić ◽  
Marko P. Rakin
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Low Elastic Modulus

Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and titanium alloys are the most commonly used metallic biomaterials. Biomedical requirements for the successful usage of metallic implant materials include their high mechanical strength, low elastic modulus, excellent biocompatibility and high corrosion resistance. It is evident that the response of a biomaterial implanted into the human body depends entirely on its biocompatibility and surface properties. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of biomaterials in biological systems modification of their surface is necessary. One of most commonly used method of implant materials surface modification is electrochemical anodization and this method is reviewed in the present work.Aim of the presented review article is to explain the electrochemical anodization process and the way in which the nanotubes are formed by anodization on the metallic material surface. Influence of anodizing parameters on the nanotubes characteristics, such as nanotube diameter, length and nanotubular layer thickness, are described, as well as the anodized nanotubes influence on the material surface properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility.

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH OF AGING AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURAL TITANIUM

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
L. R. Rezyapova ◽  
◽  
R. R. Valiev ◽  
E. I. Usmanov ◽  
R. Z. Valiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Pure Grade

It is known that titanium and its alloys are one of the promising materials in the industry, especially in medicine, due to their excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. The latest modern equipment and instruments used in traumatology, orthopedics, dentistry, etc. demand increasingly higher mechanical properties for materials. In comparison with commercially pure titanium, alloys do not have such high corrosion-resistant properties and biocompatibility. In this regard, improving the mechanical characteristics of a pure material is an urgent issue. The authors studied the effect of annealing on the structure and properties of commercially pure grade 4 titanium in the coarse-grained and ultrafine-grained states. The ultrafine-grained state was obtained using high-pressure torsion (HPT) under the pressure of 6 GPa at N=10 revolutions at room temperature. In the microstructure investigated using transmission electron microscopy, the authors could detect particles of precipitated phases after annealing, which had different morphologies. Deformation leads to an increase in the precipitated particles after annealing. The authors carried out an X-ray phase analysis, which showed the approximation of the lattice parameters of the α-phase after deformation and annealing at 700 °C to the values of the parameters of pure titanium. Thus, aging processes occur in the material, accompanied by the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution and the release of particles of the second phase. The paper shows the results of titanium microhardness measurements in different states. The combined treatment, consisting of HPT at N=5 revolutions, annealing at 700 °C, and additional HPT deformation at N=5 revolutions, allowed obtaining the record strength for commercially pure grade 4 titanium.

scholarly journals Corrosion study of metallic biomaterials in simulated body fluid

10.30544/384 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Asgari Bidhendi ◽  
Majid Pouranvari
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Cyclic Polarization ◽  
Cp Ti

Titanium alloys and stainless steel 316L are still the most widely used biomaterials for implants despite emerging new materials for this application. There is still someambiguity in corrosion behavior of metals in simulated body fluid (SBF). This paper aims at investigating the corrosion behavior of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti), Ti–6Al–4V and 316LVM stainless steel (316LVM) in SBF (Hank’s solution) at37 ºC using the cyclic polarization test. Corrosion behavior was described in terms of breakdown potential, the potential and rate ofcorrosion, localized corrosion resistance, andbreakdown repassivation. The effects of anodizing on CP-Ti samples and the passivation on the 316LVM were studied in detail. It was shown that CP-Ti exhibited superior corrosion properties compared to Ti–6Al–4V and 316LVM.

scholarly journals Study the Effect of Water Content on the Structure of Electrochemically Prepared TiO2 Nanotubes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Al-Waisawy ◽  
Ahmed Kareem Abdullah ◽  
Hadi A. Hamed ◽  
Ali A. Al-bakri
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Titania Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Process ◽  
Titania Films ◽  
Average Size

In this research, the pure titanium foil was treated in glycerol base electrolyte with 0.7 wt.% NH4F and a small amount of H2O at 17 V for 2 hours by electrochemical anodization process in order to prepare Titania nanotube arrays at room temperature (~25 ºC), different water content was added to the electrolyte as a tube enhancing agent. The high density uniform arrays are prepared by using organized and well aligned these tubes. The average size of tube diameter, ranging from 57 to 92 nm which found it increases with increasing water content, and the length of the tube ranging from 2.76 to 4.12 µm, also found to increase with increasing water content and ranging in size of wall thickness from 23 to 35 nm. A possible growth mechanism is presented. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to study the structure and morphology of the Titania films.

scholarly journals Composite and Surface Functionalization of Ultrafine-Grained Ti23Zr25Nb Alloy for Medical Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5252
Author(s):  
Mateusz Marczewski ◽  
Mieczysława U. Jurczyk ◽  
Kamil Kowalski ◽  
Andrzej Miklaszewski ◽  
Przemysław K. Wirstlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Etching ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
45S5 Bioglass

In this study, the ultrafine-grained Ti23Zr25Nb-based composites with 45S5 Bioglass and Ag, Cu, or Zn additions were produced by application of the mechanical alloying technique. Additionally, the base Ti23Zr25Nb alloy was electrochemically modified in the two stages of processing: electrochemical etching in the solution of H3PO4 and HF followed by electrochemical deposition in Ca(NO3)2, (NH4)2HPO4, and HCl. The in vitro cytocompatibility studies were also done with comparison to the commercially pure titanium. The established cell lines of Normal Human Osteoblasts (NHost, CC-2538) and Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts (HPdLF, CC-7049) were used. The culture was conducted among the tested materials. Ultrafine-grained titanium-based composites modified with 45S5 Bioglass and Ag, Cu, or Zn metals have higher biocompatibility than the reference material in the form of a microcrystalline Ti. Proliferation activity was at a stable level with contact with studied materials. In vitro evaluation research showed that the ultrafine-grained Ti23Zr25Nb-based composites with 45S5 Bioglass and Ag, Cu, or Zn additions, with a Young modulus below 50 GPa, can be further used in the biomedical field.

Possibilities of biocompatible material production using conform SPD technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (88) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Palán ◽  
L. Maleček ◽  
J. Hodek ◽  
M. Zemko ◽  
J. Dzugan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Titanium Grade

Purpose: At present, materials research in the area of SPD (severe plastic deformation) processes is very intensive. Materials processed by these techniques show better mechanical properties and have finer grain when compared to the input feedstock. The refined microstructure may be ultrafine-grained or nanostructured, where the grain size becomes less than 100 nm. One of the materials used for such processes is CP (commercially pure) titanium of various grades, which is widely used for manufacturing dental implants. The article deals with one of the technologies available for the production of ultrafine-grained titanium: Conform technology. CP titanium processed by CONFORM technology exhibits improved mechanical properties and very favourable biocompatibility, due to its fine-grained structure. The article presents the current experience in the production of ultrafine CP titanium using this technology. The main objective of this article is describing the behaviour of CP titanium during forming in the Conform device and its subsequent use in dental implantology. Design/methodology/approach: In the present study, commercially pure Grade 2 titanium was processed using the CONFORM machine. The numerical simulation of the process was done using FEM method with DEFORMTM software. The evaluation was performed by simple tensile testing and transmission electron microscopy. The first conclusions were derived from the determined mechanical properties and based on analogies in available publications on a similar topic. Findings: This study confirmed that the SPD process improves mechanical properties and does not impair the ductility of the material. The CONFORM process enables the continuous production of ultrafine-grained or nanostructured materials. Research limitations/implications: At the present work, the results show the possible way of continuous production of ultrafine-grained or nanostructured materials. Nevertheless, the further optimization is needed in order to improve the final quality of wires and stabilize the process. As these factors will be solved, the technology will be ready for the industry. Practical implications: The article gives the practical information about the continuous production of ultrafine-grained pure titanium Grade 2 and the possibility of use this material for dental implants. Originality/value: The present paper gives information about the influence of the CONFORM technology on final mechanical and structural properties with the emphasis on technological aspects

Crestal remodelling and osseointegration at surface-modified commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy implants in a canine model

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaebum Lee ◽  
Steve Hurson ◽  
Hatem Tadros ◽  
Peter Schüpbach ◽  
Cristiano Susin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Surface Modified

scholarly journals Slippage during high-pressure torsion of commercially pure titanium and application of accumulative HPT to it

2022 ◽  
Vol 1213 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
D V Gunderov ◽  
A A Churakova ◽  
A V Sharafutdinov ◽  
V D Sitdikov ◽  
V V Astanin
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Phase Content ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Ω Phase ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
First Time

Abstract A new efficient method was used to find that in the case of high-pressure torsion of commercially pure titanium, accumulation of shear strain in Ti does not occur due to slippage of anvils. Despite this, micro-hardness increases as the number of turns n increases, and Ti structure is refined more intensively. High-pressure torsion is accompanied by a high-pressure ω-phase formation. However, the content of ω-phase changes non-monotonously with an increase in the number of turns. First, while number of turns is less than n=5, the ω-phase content reaches 50%. Upon further deformation, the ω-phase content decreases to 15% for n=20. A new accumulative high-pressure torsion method is applied to commercially pure titanium for the first time. Accumulative high-pressure torsion leads to the strongest transformation of the structure and an increase in hardness, since stronger real deformation occurs due to composition of compression and torsion strain cycles.

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