Advanced Metallic Biomaterials

The book presents the characterization and classification of metallic biomaterials; with focus on titanium-based alloys, cobalt-based alloys, stainless steels and biodegradable alloys. Emphasis is placed on the synthesis, assessment of properties and medical applications such as multifunctional implants. The book references 423 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.

Liquid metal biomaterials for biomedical imaging

Liquid metals (LMs) not only retain the basic properties of metallic biomaterials, such as high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, but also possess flexibility, flowability, deformability, plasticity, good adhesion, and...

Palladium-Induced Temporal Internalization of MHC Class I Contributes to T Cell-Mediated Antigenicity

Palladium (Pd) is a widely used metal and extremely important biomaterial for the reconstruction of occlusions during dental restorations. However, metallic biomaterials can cause serious allergic reactions, such as Pd-related oral mucositis seen in dentistry. Metal allergy is categorized as a type IV allergy and we demonstrated that CD8 T cells play an important role in Pd allergy previously. As TCR of CD8 T cells recognizes MHC class I/peptide complex, the antigen specificity to this complex seems to be generated during Pd allergy. However, it remains unknown if Pd affects the MHC class I/peptide complex. In this study, we investigated the behavior of the MHC class I/peptide complex in response to Pd treatment. We found that PdCl2 treatment altered peptide presentation on MHC class I and that co-culture with Pd-treated DC2.4 cells induced activation of Pd-responsive TCR-expressing T cell line. Furthermore, PdCl2 treatment induced temporal MHC class I internalization and inhibition of membrane movement suppressed Pd-induced T cell-mediated antigenicity. These data suggest that Pd-induced MHC class I internalization is critical for generation of antigenicity through a mechanism including differential peptide loading on MHC class I, which results in Pd allergy.

Biomimetic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Layer on Titanium Alloys

Over the last decade, researchers have been concerned with improving metallic biomaterials with proper and suitable properties for the human body. Ti-based alloys are widely used in the medical field for their good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The TiMoZrTa system (TMZT) evidenced adequate mechanical properties, was closer to the human bone, and had a good biocompatibility. In order to highlight the osseointegration of the implants, a layer of hydroxyapatite (HA) was deposited using a biomimetic method, which simulates the natural growth of the bone. The coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro indentation tests and contact angle. The data obtained show that the layer deposited on TiMoZrTa (TMZT) support is hydroxyapatite. Modifying the surface of titanium alloys represents a viable solution for increasing the osseointegration of materials used as implants. The studied coatings demonstrate a positive potential for use as dental and orthopedic implants.